Trifluralin
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2,6-Dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline | |
| Identifiers | |
| 3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.014.936 |
| KEGG | |
| PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C13H16F3N3O4 | |
| Molar mass | 335.28 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow crystals |
| Melting point | 46 to 47 °C (115 to 117 °F; 319 to 320 K) |
| Boiling point | 139 to 140 °C (282 to 284 °F; 412 to 413 K) (at 4.2 mmHg) |
| 0.0024 g/100 mL | |
| Hazards | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) |
>5000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Trifluralin is a commonly used pre-emergence herbicide. With about 14 million pounds used in the United States in 2001, it is one of the most widely used herbicides.[2] Trifluralin is generally applied to the soil to provide control of a variety of annual grass and broadleaf weed species. It inhibits root development by interrupting mitosis, and thus can control weeds as they germinate.[3]
Trifluralin has been banned in the European Union since 20 March 2008, primarily due to its high toxicity to fish and other aquatic life.[4]
Environmental behavior
Trifluralin undergoes an extremely complex fate in the environment and is transiently transformed into many different products as it degrades, ultimately being incorporated into soil-bound residues or converted to carbon dioxide (mineralized). Among the more unusual behaviors of trifluralin is inactivation in wet soils. This has been linked to transformation of the herbicide by reduced soil minerals, which in turn had been previously reduced by soil microorganisms as electron acceptors in the absence of oxygen. This environmental process has been reported for many structurally related herbicides (dinitroanilines) as well as a variety of energetic compounds (explosives).[5]
References
- ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9598.
- ↑ 2000-2001 Pesticide Market Estimates, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- ↑ Grover, R., J.D. Wolt, A.J. Cessna, and H.B. Schiefer. 1997. Environmental fate of trifluralin. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 153: 65-90.
- ↑ http://archive.pic.int/CH/Demo/embed/view_displayFRA.php?id=1186&back=viewB_FRAchems.php?sort=chemical European Union - Final Regulatory Action
- ↑ Tor, J., C. Xu, J. M. Stucki, M. Wander, G. K. Sims. 2000. Trifluralin degradation under micro-biologically induced nitrate and Fe(III) reducing conditions. Env. Sci. Tech. 34:3148-3152.
External links
- Trifluralin in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)