Lexus ES

Lexus ES
Overview
Manufacturer	Lexus (Toyota)
Production	1989–present
Body and chassis
Class	Compact luxury car (1989–1991) Mid-size luxury car / Executive car (1991–present)
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive

The Lexus ES (Japanese: レクサス・ES, Rekusasu ES) is a series of compact, then mid-size, and later executive car sold by Lexus since 1989. Six generations of the sedan have been introduced to date, each offering V6 engines and the front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. The first five generations of the ES were built on the Toyota Camry platform, with the sixth generation more closely related to the Avalon. Manual transmissions were offered until 1993, a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010, and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012. The ES was Lexus' only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998, when the related Lexus RX was introduced, and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the Lexus IS in 1999. The ES name stands for "Executive Sedan".^[1] However, some Lexus importers use the backronymic name, "Elegant Sedan".^[2]

Introduced in 1989, the first-generation ES 250 was one of two vehicles in Lexus' debut lineup, the other being the flagship LS 400. The second-generation ES 300 debuted in 1991, followed by the third-generation ES 300 in 1996, and the fourth-generation ES 300/330 in 2001. The first- through fourth-generation sedans shared body styling elements with Japan-market Toyota sedans, and a domestic market equivalent, the Toyota Windom, was sold until the launch of the fifth-generation ES in 2006. The word "Windom" is a combination of "win" and the suffix "dom" expresses a state of perpetual victory.^[3] The fifth-generation ES, featuring Lexus' own L-finesse body styling, debuted in early 2006 as a 2007 model. The sixth-generation ES debuted in the first half of 2012 as a 2013 model, and features increased cabin dimensions due to a longer wheelbase which is shared with the full-size Toyota Avalon.

Lexus has positioned the ES in the comfort luxury segment, with an emphasis on interior amenities, quietness, and ride quality,^[4] in contrast with more firm-riding sport sedans.^[5] Buyers seeking more performance-focused models are targeted by the Lexus IS and rival makes, with such models offering a sportier drive with differently tuned suspensions.^[6] In Europe, Japan, and other markets where it is not available, the Lexus GS sport sedans occupy the mid-size category in the Lexus lineup. In the United States, the Lexus ES has been the best-selling Lexus sedan for over fifteen years.^[7][8][9]

First generation (V20)

First generation
Overview
Also called	Toyota Camry Prominent (V20) Toyota Vista (V20)
Production	June 1989 – 5 July 1991[10]
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)[10]
Body and chassis
Class	Compact car
Powertrain
Engine	2.5 L 2VZ-FE V6
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed A540E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,601 mm (102.4 in)[11]
Length	4,651 mm (183.1 in)[11]
Width	1,699 mm (66.9 in)[11]
Height	1,349 mm (53.1 in)[11]

1989–1991

The first Lexus ES (VZV21) debuted in January 1989 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit as part of the launch of the Lexus division. In order to avoid introducing the nameplate with only one model, the LS 400, Lexus debuted the ES alongside their flagship sedan. The smaller representative of the initial two-sedan Lexus lineup was designated the ES 250, and powered by the Camry's 2.5 L, 116 kW (156 hp) V6, which was aimed directly at the Acura Legend. The ES 250 was based on the Toyota Camry Prominent/Vista (V20).^[12]

On the exterior, the ES 250 shared the same general body style and overall dimensions as its Toyota counterparts, but had a more prominent grille, bigger tail lights, chrome trim, frameless windows, and distinct wheel design similar to its LS brethren. Inside the cabin, the ES 250 featured a six-speaker Pioneer sound system, genuine wood trim, one-touch power windows, and leather seats. A four-speed automatic or five-speed manual transmission was offered. The Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission (ECT) featured "normal" and "power" modes.

Safety features included a driver's SRS airbag and anti-lock brakes. In typical specification, the ES 250 further included 15-inch alloy wheels, a power driver's seat, power moonroof, and CD player.^[13] Leather upholstery was common equipment,^[13] despite being listed as an option, while some ES 250s were also produced with cloth interiors.

In September 1989, the ES 250 and the flagship LS 400 went on sale in the United States. The ES 250 was marketed as the "luxury sedan of sports sedans," and carried a U.S. market suggested base price of approximately $22,000. During the first month of release, the ES 250 logged 1,216 units in sales.^[14] However, these numbers were eclipsed by the larger LS sedan, which unlike the ES was built on a unique and all-new platform. The original LS had been envisioned as a standalone model, but Lexus dealerships had asked for an additional vehicle to accompany its launch. Due to its similarities to the Camry, some viewed the ES 250 as a placeholder product of badge engineering and the vehicle ultimately did not sell as well as its larger counterpart. Initial perception of the ES led some to believe all the development time and research spent creating the larger LS showed that they overlooked one of the reasons the LS was developed, which was the 1986 Acura Legend, so it seems that the appearance of the LS was shrunk to fit the ES so as to compete with the Legend.

Production totaled 19,534 units in 1990 and 17,942 units in 1991, most for the automatic transmission model. Production commenced in June 1989 at Tsutsumi,^[10] with the first 1990 ES 250 rolling off the production line on 30 August 1989. Production ended on 5 July 1991. Because of its relatively brief production run, the ES 250 is a rare model on US roads today.

Second generation (XV10)

Second generation
1991–1994 Lexus ES 300
Overview
Also called	Toyota Windom (Japan)
Production	October 1991 – July 1996[10]
Model years	1992–1996
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)[10]
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Related	Toyota Camry (XV10)
Powertrain
Engine	2.5 L 2MZ-FE V6 (VCV11; Japan) 3.0 L 3VZ-FE V6 (VCV10) 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 (MCV10)
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed A540E/A541E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,619 mm (103.1 in)[15]
Length	4,770 mm (187.8 in)[15]
Width	1,778 mm (70.0 in)[15]
Height	1,369 mm (53.9 in)[15]

1991–1994

In September 1991, for the 1992 model year, Lexus announced the second-generation Lexus ES (XV10) almost one year after the introduction of the second-generation Acura Legend, but before Infiniti finally decided to add a similarly classed sedan, the J30. The second-generation ES shared its design with the new generation Toyota Windom (XV10), which was officially announced in Japan on 30 September 1991,^[3] introduced at the October 1991 Tokyo Motor Show, and exclusive to Toyota Japan dealership sales channel called Toyota Corolla Store as the top level luxury sedan.^[16] The Windom itself shared elements with the latest generation of the Japan-market Toyota Camry Prominent (V30).^[16]

Completely redesigned and now sharing design features with the XV10 series Toyota Windom and styling cues with the LS 400,^[17] the model was renamed the ES 300 to reflect the half-liter increase in engine displacement to 3.0-liters. The second-generation ES was significantly larger and more curvaceous than its predecessor, gaining 127 millimetres (5 in) in length and 76 millimetres (3 in) of width. On the front fascia, the ES gained projector headlamps in a curved housing and a three-slat grille with the Lexus emblem moved above on the hood. The side profile featured an invisible B-pillar and frameless-window doors. The rear deck lid featured an integrated spoiler effect similar to the flagship LS 400, improving the ES model's aerodynamics, now rated Cd=0.32.

Inside the cabin, the second-generation ES featured California walnut trim on the center console, leather seats, an eight-speaker premium sound system, and keyless entry. The added wheelbase length and overall width made for increased legroom and shoulder space than the previous model. Compared to its Camry relative, the ES 300 featured separate styling, a different suspension setup with front and rear independent MacPherson strut, and added weight amounting to 90 kg (200 lb).^[18] Much of this is due to increased dimensions, asphalt insulation in the body panels and additional on-board equipment. As with its predecessor, anti-lock brakes were standard.

The ES 300 sported a 138 kW (185 hp) 3.0-liter 3VZ-FE V6 engine and had an advertised 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) time of 7.9 seconds. In Japan, where the ES was badged as the Toyota Windom, a 2.5-liter 4VZ-FE version producing 128 kW (172 hp) was made available in October 1993. Lexus offered a standard five-speed E53 manual transmission and optional four-speed A540/1E automatic.

Production assembly of the ES 300 commenced on 9 September 1991, and the sedan went on sale later that year in the U.S. as a 1992 model. The sedan was not released in Europe, where similar Toyota models were offered. The second-generation ES was a major sales success, becoming Lexus' best-selling vehicle overall. In its first full year of sales, the ES logged 39,652 units,^[8] and throughout the following years of its production run, sales reached near or above that figure. Although the initial US base price was $26,550, this increased to over $30,000 in later years. By 1994, in part because of the rising yen and high demand,^[19] the manufacturer's suggested retail price had increased to $31,200, 19.3 percent more than the original 1992 figure.^[20] In 1993, a passenger airbag was added as standard equipment.

1994–1996

Minor updates were introduced in 1994 for the 1995 model year (August 1994 production), including: a revised grille insert (now with a three-slot grille, replacing the previous four-slot version), new headlights and fog lights, outside air temp readout, and CFC-free air conditioning. In North America, the 1994 update introduced the new all-aluminum 1MZ-FE engine with 140 kW (188 hp). This change in engine resulted in a change in model code for the car (now known as the MCV10 series). Other markets retained the 3VZ-FE engine (and thus retained the VCV10 model code).

In September 1995 for the 1996 model year, Lexus offered an ES 300 "Coach Edition", featuring select Coach leather trim in the interior and a set of Coach luggage. Despite being its final year of sales, the 1996 ES 300 logged a 21 percent increase in sales over the previous year in the US,^[14] and 40,735 units were produced that year.

• 
  1994–1996 Lexus ES 300
• 
  1994–1996 Lexus ES 300
• 
  1995 Lexus ES 300 interior

Third generation (XV20)

Third generation
Overview
Also called	Toyota Windom (Japan)
Production	August 1996 – July 2001
Model years	1997–2001
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant); Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)[21]
Designer	Hiroshi Okamoto (1993)[22]
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Related	Toyota Camry (XV20)
Powertrain
Engine	2.5 L 2MZ-FE V6 (gasoline) 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 (gasoline)
Transmission	4-speed A541E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,670 mm (105.1 in)[23]
Length	4,831 mm (190.2 in)[23]
Width	1,791 mm (70.5 in)[23]
Height	1,394 mm (54.9 in)[23]

1996–1999

From 1992 to 1996, chief engineer Kosaku oversaw development of the XV20 Lexus variant alongside the XV20 Toyota Camry programme under project code 416T.^[24] In mid-1993, an exterior design concept by Hiroshi Okamoto was approved and later frozen for production in January 1994, later being patented on 9 November 1994 at the Japanese patent office, under patent No. 0796802. The third-generation ES (designated MCV20) premiered in September 1996 for the 1997 model year, featuring a design that was an evolution of the VCV10. The new cars featured a 30 percent stiffer body with a more rakish profile and sharper lines, reflector headlights (as opposed to projector headlights), and a more upscale-feeling interior. Introduced at a gala event on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills hosted by actress Sharon Stone,^[25] the ES 300 featured one powertrain option, a 3.0-liter V6 capable of 150 kW (200 hp) and 290 N·m (214 lb·ft) of torque^[26] and a four-speed automatic – although a 147 kW (197 hp), 2.5-liter 2MZ-FE V6 was also offered in the equivalent Japanese-market Windom. The ES 300 could go from 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) in 7.7 seconds. The third-generation ES was also slightly longer (overall length increased by 61.0-millimetre (2.4 in)) but weighed less than the previous model, and its drag coefficient was Cd=0.29, improved over its predecessor. For the first time, an Adaptive Variable Suspension, capable of adjusting individual wheels' dampers according to road conditions (within 0.0025 seconds), was offered.

Production commenced in August 1996 at the Tsutsumi plant in Toyota, Aichi,^[10] supplemented in May 1997 with the Miyata plant at Miyawaka, Fukuoka.^[27]

Inside the cabin, the ES 300 featured a new electroluminescent Lexus Optitron instrument panel, walnut trim, and leather seats. Other luxury standard features included heated outside mirrors and an automatic climate control system. A power moonroof, Nakamichi premium sound system with in-glove-box mounted CD changer, and heated seats were options.

The U.S. base price of the 1997 ES 300 was $30,395. The third-generation Lexus ES expanded upon the success of the previous generation model, reaching a record-setting 58,430 units in sales in its first year,^[25] and recording sales in the 35,000–50,000 range throughout its production run.

In 1997 for the 1998 model year, the ES received a few updates, mainly consisting of a revised supplemental restraint system (next generation), standard front row side-torso airbags, and force limiting seat belt pre-tensioners that were designed to tighten the front seat passengers into their seats upon impact. Transponder chips were now also used in the keys as to provide added protection from theft. The power rating grew to 157 kW (210 hp) in 1998 (1999 model year) due to the new 1MZ-FE engine with variable valve timing (VVT-i).^[28]

The Lexus IS was introduced to European markets in 1999 and became the luxury marque's entry-level model; by this time the Lexus ES was no longer sold in most European markets. Recent versions of the Lexus ES were sold in North America, Asia, and Australia.

There was a widespread engine oil gelling issue which could block oil from parts of the engine. After a US class action lawsuit, Toyota notified US owners that engines would be overhauled or replaced for free if damaged by the buildup of gelled oil.^[29]

1999–2001

The ES 300 received a mild facelift in 1999 for the 2000 model year that consisted of new, clear tail lights and turn signals, a revised front end with a new grill, headlights, and lower bumper with clear fog lights and larger alloy wheels. Inside, the interior received an electrochromatic mirror, more wood trim and slight revisions to the audio system. Xenon High-Intensity Discharge headlights with auto-leveling were now optional. From 1998 through 2001 (1999 to 2001 model years), a limited "Coach Edition" was offered, and in 1999 for 2000, a "Platinum Edition" package was offered, including power moonroof, unique interior trim, and custom alloy wheels.^[30]

Fourth generation (XV30)

Fourth generation (XV30)
Overview
Also called	Toyota Windom (Japan)
Production	July 2001 – February 2006[10][31]
Model years	2002–2006
Assembly	Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant);[32] Susono, Shizuoka (Higashi Fuji plant)[31] Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)[10]
Designer	Kengo Matsumoto (1998)[33]
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Toyota K platform
Related	Toyota Camry (XV30)
Powertrain
Engine	3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6
Transmission	5-speed U151E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,720 mm (107.1 in)[34]
Length	4,854 mm (191.1 in)[34]
Width	1,811 mm (71.3 in)[34]
Height	1,455 mm (57.3 in)[34]

2001–2003

As development on the XV30 Camry began in 1997, development of the MCV30 commenced under chief engineer Kosaku Yamada, with styling being done through 1998 under design chief Makoto Oshima. In December 1998, a concept design by Kengo Matsumoto was approved and frozen for production in June 1999. Design patents were filed on 8 March 2000 at the Japan Patent Office and registered under patent No. 1098805. The larger, fourth-generation ES (designated MCV30) debuted in July 2001 for the 2002 model year, one year after the Lexus IS became Lexus' entry-level car. The presence of the IS in the Lexus lineup enabled the company to give the new ES 300 a more upscale image and luxury feel by excising the sporting pretensions of the previous ES models.^[35][36] The more aerodynamic shape had a drag coefficient of Cd=0.28. In Japan, the MCV30 Windom received a 2-star LEV rating.

Production occurred between July 2001 and September 2004 at the Tsutsumi plant in Toyota, Aichi,^[10] supplemented until December 2002 with the Miyata plant at Miyawaka, Fukuoka.^[27] The Toyota-badged Windom version was launched in Japan in August 2001. In January 2003, production started at the Higashi Fuji plant at Susono, Shizuoka, lasting until the XV30 ended production in February 2006.^[31]

The cabin was fitted with California Walnut wood trim on the front dashboard, center console, and doors as well as exterior puddle lamps, floor-well lighting, chrome door handles, an electric rear sunblind, and rear-view mirrors that would automatically tilt downward in reverse gear. Available options, including a power rear sunshade, rain-sensing windshield wipers, a DVD-based navigation system, and a Mark Levinson premium stereo system, were similar to features on the flagship LS 430 sedan.

Other features included a drive-by-wire electronic throttle, a five-speed automatic transmission, anti-lock brakes with electronic brake-force distribution and brake assist as well as electronic stability and traction control systems. The fourth-generation Lexus ES was built in Kyūshū and Toyota, Aichi, Japan.^[37]

ES sales sold 71,450 units its first year,^[38] making the Lexus ES the best-selling luxury car in the United States.^[14] Throughout its production run, the fourth-generation ES was Lexus' best-selling sedan, and outsold only in the Lexus model range by the RX luxury utility vehicle.

U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test results in 2003 rated the ES 300 the maximum five stars in the Frontal Driver, Frontal Passenger, and Side Driver categories, and four stars in the Side Rear Passenger and Rollover categories.^[39]

2003–2006

During 2003, for the 2004 model year, the American market received a revised 3.3-liter engine producing 168 kilowatts (225 hp) (later revised to 163 kilowatts (218 hp), because of changes in SAE power testing procedures), and the car was renamed the ES 330 (codename MCV31, however, the 3.0 L engine MCV30 model was still available). Lexus released the limited ES 330 "SportDesign" special edition in 2004. The model featured the Adaptive Variable Suspension, 17-inch Y-spoke alloy wheels, Mark Levinson audio, interior upgrades, and special dark exterior colors.

In 2004 for the 2005 model year, the ES received a facelift with new front and rear fascias, clear taillights, projector headlights, and a redesigned grille. Inside, features included standard audio and display steering wheel-mounted controls, power adjustable pedals, heated and ventilated front seats, Bird's Eye Maple trim and optional integrated satellite radio. Lexus also offered an exclusive ES 330 "Black Diamond Edition" in 2005, featuring black wood trim, iridescent Black Diamond paint, and a set of Tumi luggage.

Fifth generation (XV40)

Fifth generation (XV40)
Overview
Production	March 2006 – 2012[27]
Model years	2007–2012
Assembly	Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)[27]
Designer	Kengo Matsumoto (2004)
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Toyota K platform
Related	Toyota Aurion (XV40) Toyota Camry (XV40)
Powertrain
Engine	2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6
Transmission	6-speed U660E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,776 mm (109.3 in)[40]
Length	4,854 mm (191.1 in)[40]
Width	1,821 mm (71.7 in)[40]
Height	1,450 mm (57.1 in)[40]

Lexus unveiled the fifth-generation ES in February 2006 at the Chicago Auto Show for the 2007 model year. The line initially consisted of the ES 350 sedan, which as per previous models, featured front-wheel drive and a V6 engine—now displacing 3.5 liters. The line was refreshed in 2009, during which more features were added, and a four-cylinder variant, the ES 240, was introduced for Asian markets. The fifth-generation ES remained Lexus' top-selling sedan model in the North American and Asian markets, anchoring the marque's entry-level model lineup. Like previous generations, the fifth-generation Lexus ES was geared towards the comfort luxury segment, favoring a soft ride over sporty performance.^[41] It continued the previous generation's direction of moving the ES more upscale in its design and features; Lexus touted the ES 350 as faster, more powerful, more aerodynamic, and more quiet than the original LS 400 flagship.^[42] Like its predecessors, the fifth-generation ES continued to be made in Japan,^[43] at the Kyushu plant in Fukuoka, Japan.^[44] Despite being built in the country, the XV40 is left-hand drive only and was not sold in the Japanese market, as well as the other regions with right-hand drive, although the country allows both RHD and LHD vehicles on their roads.^[45]

2006–2009

The fifth-generation ES (GSV40) debuted at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2006 as the ES 350, featuring a six-speed automatic transmission with a front-wheel drive 272 hp (203 kW) aluminum 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 engine with intake and exhaust variable valve timing. The exterior design featured an all-new body in the style of Lexus' new design philosophy, L-finesse. The new design was sleeker than its predecessor, with a streamlined cabin and character lines across the hood, fenders, and rear pillars. The Lexus emblem returned to the grille for the first time since the first generation, and was placed at the center of a five-bar horizontal grille. For the debut 2007 models, Lexus introduced a number of unique colors exclusive to the ES 350, including Aquamarine Pearl, Royal Ruby Metallic, Moon Shell Mica, and Amber Pearl. The drag coefficient was C_d 0.28.^[42] Compared to the preceding fourth-generation ES 300/330, the fifth-generation ES 350 was 51 millimetres (2 in) longer and 10 millimetres (0.4 in) wider overall, but with shorter overhangs.^[46]

The ES 350 interior featured walnut wood accents, leather seats, dual zone climate control with air filter, an MP3 player auxiliary input, power tilt and telescoping steering wheel, and eight standard airbags. A keyless entry and ignition system, Lexus SmartAccess, which does not require the electronic remote to be taken out of the driver's pocket, was standard.^[47] Available new features included a 300-watt, 14-speaker Mark Levinson premium audio system, power seat cushion extender, radar-based adaptive cruise control, rain-sensing windshield wipers, power rear sunshade, DVD navigation system, and Lexus Park Assist, a sonar-based warning system with backup camera.^[46] For the first time, the ES offered an "Ultra Luxury Package," which featured many of the aforementioned options along with a three-panel panoramic glass moonroof.^[46] The ES also featured a secondary start system, that runs on battery, so that the driver does not have to use the engine for accessory functions. The secondary system allowed the driver use the radio, GPS, Bluetooth, and air conditioning/heating. The instrument panel used Optitron gauges and LED lighting.^[46]

Lexus estimated that the ES 350's engine-transmission combination allowed acceleration to 60 mph (97 km/h) in less than 7 seconds, but tests netted the ES 350 as being one of the fastest front-wheel drive luxury sedans then available. 0–60 mph was acquired in as little as 6.2 seconds by auto magazines, and the car showed a strong point of high-end power as it cleared the quarter-mile in 14.6 seconds while traveling at almost 100 mph (160 km/h).^[48] Fuel economy was estimated at 21 mpg_‑US (11.2 L/100 km; 25.2 mpg_‑imp) in the city and 30 mpg_‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36.0 mpg_‑imp) on the highway. Some commentators have complained that so much power to the front wheels has produced uncomfortable torque steer in both the new ES and Camry.

The ES 350 arrived at U.S. dealerships in late April 2006 as a 2007 model. The 2007 base price in the U.S. was $33,470. That year, the ES 350 was launched in North America, the Middle East, China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau), South Korea and Taiwan. At the 2008 Chicago Auto Show, Lexus debuted a Pebble Beach Edition ES 350, produced in partnership with the Pebble Beach Company.^[49] The Pebble Beach ES 350 came in either Truffle Mica, Pearl Silver, or Obsidian Black exterior colors, with exterior and interior badging, along with the choice of either travel or golf products by the Callaway Golf Company or Viking Range cookware.^[49]

Safety features on the ES 350 included dual front airbags, knee airbags, side-torso and curtain airbags, along with traction control, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), anti-lock brakes (ABS), and electronic brake-force distribution (EBD). A pre-collision system (PCS), which incorporates a grille-mounted sensor and retracts seatbelts and triggers full braking power, was optional, and came with the distance-aware Dynamic Radar Cruise Control system.^[46] The front passenger airbag used a twin-chamber design for reduced occupant discomfort upon deployment.^[46] The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test results in 2007 rated the ES 350 the maximum five stars in the Frontal Driver, Frontal Passenger, and Side Driver categories, and four stars in the Side Rear Passenger and Rollover categories.^[50]

Toyota recalled and replaced 55,000 optional all-weather rubber floor mats from the Toyota Camry and ES 350 in September 2007,^[51] citing the risk of unsecured mats jamming the accelerator pedal. In August 2009, the NHTSA probed the ES 350 following 40 acceleration control complaints, eight crashes and 12 injuries, with floor mats implicated in most cases.^[52][53] An accident involving a loaner ES 350 killed four persons near San Diego on 28 August.^[54] The NHTSA and San Diego County Sheriff's Department found that the car was wrongly fitted with an unsecured SUV rubber floor mat;^[55][56] the mat had jammed the accelerator,^[56][57] which an earlier driver had complained about.^[56] On 29 September, a Toyota safety notice advised floor mat removal, shift to Neutral (N) gear in an emergency, with a 3-second push button ignition press for engine shutoff.^[58] On 29 November, the 2007–2010 MY floor mat recall was revised to add shorter accelerator pedals, thinner replacement mats, and a brake override feature which ignores accelerator input when the brake pedal is depressed.^[59]

2009–2012

In 2009, the 2010 model year ES underwent a mid-cycle facelift. A slightly revised grille resembled that of the new Lexus HS, and the lower bumper and taillights were changed. Other exterior changes included chrome-trimmed side moulding, turn signal indicators on the side mirrors, and new split 5-spoke alloy wheels. Memory seating, rain-sensing windshield wipers, and rear seat-mounted side-impact airbags were now standard. The steering wheel controls now had hard touch buttons as opposed to the previous soft ones. The navigation system shared with the then current Lexus RX now included upgraded VoiceBox speech recognition, Bluetooth phone book downloading, and Lexus Insider, XM Weather, Sports, and Stocks reports, and switched from DVD based maps to an internal hard drive. Bluetooth streaming audio and a USB port that included iPod integration was now built into the stereo.

In 2010, the revised ES line gained a brake override feature which ignored accelerator input when the brake pedal was depressed, which was installed on new builds from January 2010.^[59] Debuting first in the Chinese auto market, the 2010 ES lineup added a second model, the ES 240 (ACV40), which was produced to comply with the country's new emission laws for luxury cars,^[60] making it the first gasoline four-cylinder Lexus since the 2005 IS. The ES 240 received a 2.4L 2AZ-FE inline-four engine producing 123 kW (165 hp) and 224 N·m (165 ft·lbf) of torque at 4000 rpm.^[61]

Several awards won by the fifth-generation Lexus ES include 2009 Best Upscale Car for the Money from U.S News & World Report,^[62] AutoPacific 2009 Vehicle Satisfaction Award for Best Midsize Luxury Car,^[63] and Best New Luxury Car (under $50k) Award in 2007 at the Canadian Car of the Year Awards, selected by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada.^[64] The ES 350 has also been named Consumer Guide 2008 Best Buy in the Premium Midsize Class,^[65] ConsumerSearch Best "budget" luxury sedan of 2008,^[66] Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best New Car for 2007, and Best in Class for 2008,^[67] Intellichoice Best Car Value Over $23,000 for 2007,^[68] and Polk Automotive Loyalty award for 2008.^[69]

Sixth generation (XV60)

Sixth generation (XV60)
Lexus ES 300h (AVV60; pre-facelift)
Overview
Production	July 2012 – present (Japan)[70] October 2015 – present (US)[71]
Model years	2013–present
Assembly	Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)[27][72] United States: Georgetown, Kentucky (TMMK; 2015–)[71]
Designer	Pansoo Kwon, Yuji Fujiwara (2010)
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Toyota K platform
Related	Toyota Avalon (XX40)
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L 6AR-FSE I4 (gasoline) 2.5 L 2AR-FE I4 (gasoline) 2.5 L 2AR-FXE I4 (gasoline hybrid) 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 (gasoline)
Transmission	6-speed automatic CVT (hybrid)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,820 mm (111.0 in)[73]
Length	4,895 mm (192.7 in)[73]
Width	1,820 mm (71.7 in)[73]
Height	1,450 mm (57.1 in)[73]

2012–2015

The next generation, XV60 series Lexus ES was revealed on 4 April 2012 at the New York International Auto Show.^[74] For its sixth generation, the model was introduced in gasoline-powered ES 350 and gasoline-electric hybrid ES 300h versions. The ES 350 came with a six-speed automatic transmission, while the hybrid ES 300h models came with an eCVT. Despite the fact that the redesigned ES and the Toyota Camry (XV50) still share the same platform, the two vehicles are somewhat less mechanically related, as the ES is now more closely related to the Toyota Avalon (XX40) which also uses a 2,800 mm (111 in) wheelbase.^[74] The interior added the Lexus Remote Touch interface.^[74]

The Lexus ES 250 made its world debut at the April 2012 Auto China in Beijing. This car is equipped with a 2.5-liter inline-four engine and a six-speed automatic transmission. ES 250, ES 300h, and ES 350 models are being offered in China.^[75] Production started on 6 July 2012 at the Miyata plant in Miyawaka, Fukuoka.^[76]

This generation is export-only, not sold in Japan where it is manufactured,^[77] but has been offered in right-hand drive since late 2013, being sold in Australia,^[78] Brunei,^[79][80] South Africa,^[81] Singapore,^[82] Hong Kong,^[83] and Malaysia.^[84]

2015–present

The facelifted ES was unveiled at the April 2015 Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition.^[85] Production of the updated ES 350 began at the Kentucky plant on 19 October 2015 for the 2016 model year—the first Lexus vehicle manufactured in the US.^[71]

The ES is also manufactured in Toyota's plant in Miyawaka, Fukuoka, Japan for markets outside North America. This plant also supplies the hybrid ES to all global markets, as the Kentucky plant builds the ES 350 only and does not build the ES 300h.

Sales and production

Sales by calendar year
	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
US	20,728[86]	22,476[87]	39,652[8]	35,655[88]	39,108[89]	41,508[90]	44,773[25]	58,430[25]	48,644[91]	45,860[92]
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
US	41,320[93]	44,847[93]	71,450[94]	65,762[95]	75,916[96]	67,577[97]	75,987[97]	82,867[98]	64,135[98]	48,485[99]
	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
US	48,652[100]	40,873[101]	56,158[101]	72,581[102]	72,508[103]	64,969[104]	58,299[105]
Production by calendar year
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Global	n/a	n/a	91,209[106]	82,025[107]	93,004[107]	79,422[108]	87,271[108]	121,286[109]	99,400[110]	74,481[110]
	2010
Global	89,212[111]

Technical specifications

Drivetrain specifications by generation
Generation	Year(s)	Model name	Engine	Transmission	Power	Torque
First	1989–1991	ES 250	2.5 L V6	4-speed AT or 5-speed MT	116 kW (156 hp) @ 5600 rpm	220 N·m (160 lb·ft) @ 4400 rpm
Second	1991–1996	ES 300	3.0 L V6	4-speed AT or 5-speed MT	138 kW (185 hp) @ 5600 rpm	264 N·m (195 lb·ft) @ 4400 rpm
Third	1996–2001	ES 300	3.0 L V6	4-speed AT	150 kW (200 hp) @ 5600 rpm	290 N·m (210 lb·ft) @ 4400 rpm
Fourth	2001–2003	ES 300	3.0 L V6	5-speed AT	160 kW (210 hp) @ 5600 rpm	300 N·m (220 lb·ft) @ 4400 rpm
	2003–2006	ES 330	3.3 L V6	5-speed AT	168 kW (225 hp) @ 5600 rpm	330 N·m (240 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm
Fifth	2006–2012	ES 350	3.5 L V6	6-speed AT	203 kW (272 hp) @ 6200 rpm	346 N·m (255 lb·ft) @ 4700 rpm
	2010–2012	ES 240	2.4 L I4	5-speed AT	123 kW (165 hp) @ 6000 rpm	224 N·m (165 lb·ft) @ 4000 rpm
Sixth	2012–present	ES 250	2.5 L I4	6-speed AT	135 kW (181 hp) @ 6000 rpm	245 N·m (181 lb·ft) @ 4100 rpm
	2012–present	ES 300h	2.5 L I4 (hybrid)	eCVT	149 kW (200 hp) @ 5700 rpm	279 N·m (206 lb·ft) @ 4500 rpm
	2012–present	ES 350	3.5 L V6	6-speed AT	203 kW (272 hp) @ 6200 rpm	345 N·m (254 lb·ft) @ 4700 rpm
	2015–present	ES 200	2.0 L I4	6-speed AT	123 kW (165 hp) @ 6500 rpm	199 N·m (147 lb·ft) @ 4600 rpm

Awards

• U.S. News & World Report named the 2009 Lexus ES 350 the Best Upscale Car for the Money.^[62]
• Consumer Reports named the ES 350 the highest ranked upscale/large car in reliability in its 2006 annual car survey.^[112]
• The Canadian Car of the Year Awards (selected by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada) gave the ES 350 its Best New Luxury Car (under $50k) Award in 2007.^[64]
• J.D. Power and Associates named the ES 300 the best entry luxury car in Initial Quality in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2006.^{[113][114][115]}
• Intellichoice gave the ES 330 the Best Overall Value Award in the Near Luxury Segment in 2004, 2005, and 2007.^{[116][117][118]}
• Kelley Blue Book gave the ES its Best to Hold Value Award in 1998 and 2001.^[119]
• J.D. Power named the ES as one of the Top Ten in Initial Quality in 1991, 1993, and 1994.
• The ES series was named most appealing entry luxury car by J.D. Power and Associates in 1997, 2001 and 2007.^[119]
• Kiplinger's Personal Finance report named the Lexus ES Best in Class for the over $30,000 segment in 1993, and the ES was a Top Pick in 2007.^[67]
• Automobile Magazine named the Lexus ES one of its Top Ten All-Stars in 1992.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lexus ES.

• Lexus ES international site

Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Corporation, vehicle production timeline
Type	Line			1990s																				2000s																				2010s
		9		0		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		0		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		0		1		2		3		4		5		6		7
Compact	CT																																													A10
	IS																						XE10												XE20																XE30
	HS																																										ANF10
Mid-size	ES		V20				XV10										XV20										XV30										XV40											XV60
	GS										S140								S160																S190													L10
Full-size	LS		XF10										XF20												XF30												XF40																						XF50
Crossover	NX																																																				AZ10
	RX																				XU10										XU30												AL10												AL20
SUV	GX																												J120														J150
	LX														J80						J100																		J200
Coupé	RC																																																				XC10
	SC						Z30																				Z40
	LC																																																									Z100
	LFA																																											LFA