Tortricidae

Tortricidae
Bactra lancealana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Euarthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Tortricoidea
Latreille, 1803
Family: Tortricidae
Latreille, 1803
Subfamilies & Tribes

See also Taxonomy of Tortricidae for full list of genera.

Diversity
Over 1,050 genera
Over 10,350 species
Synonyms

Olethreutidae

The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths,[1] in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 10,350 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea.,[2] although the genus Heliocosma is sometimes placed within this superfamily. Many of these are economically important pests. Olethreutidae is a junior synonym. The typical resting posture is with the wings folded back, producing a rather rounded profile.

Notable tortricids include the codling moth and the spruce budworm, which are among the most well-studied of all insects because of their economic impact.[3]

Some common tortricids

The tortricids include many economically important pests, including:

See also Mexican jumping bean moth (Cydia deshaisiana)

A typical tortricid – the codling moth

The Tortricidae are considered to be the single most important family of insects that feed on apples, both economically and in diversity of feeding found on fruit, buds, leaves, and shoots. In New York, no fewer than 17 species of Tortricidae have gained pest status in regards to apple production.

The codling moth Cydia pomonella causes worm-holes in apples. It has been accidentally spread from its original range in Europe and is now found in North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, wherever apples are grown. Control has required the use of the harshest available insecticides – historically lead arsenate and DDT were used for control. These chemicals brought considerable environmental dangers, and in any case the insect gradually developed resistance to them. Currently, organophosphate sprays are favored and are timed carefully to catch the hatching larvae before they can bore into the fruit.

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://bugguide.net/node/view/9524, BugGuide
  2. ↑ van Nieukerken; et al. (2011). "Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 212–221.
  3. ↑ Brown, John W. (2005-01-01). Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books. ISBN 9788788757415.

Further reading


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