Tovdalselva

Tovdalselva Tofdalselva Tovdalsåna / Tovdalsåni
The river mouth of Tovdalselva into Tofdalsfjorden in Kristiansand. To the left, the runway of Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik
Show map of Vest-Agder Show map of Norway Location of the river
Country	Norway
Counties	Aust-Agder, Vest-Agder
Municipalities	Bygland, Åmli, Froland, Birkenes, Iveland, Kristiansand
Basin features
Main source	Straumsfjorden 1,101 metres (3,612 ft) 59°06′N 7°42′E / 59.1°N 7.7°E / 59.1; 7.7
River mouth	Tofdalsfjorden 0 metres (0 ft) 58°12′N 8°06′E / 58.2°N 8.1°E / 58.2; 8.1Coordinates: 58°12′N 8°06′E / 58.2°N 8.1°E / 58.2; 8.1
River system	Tovdalsvassdraget
Basin size	1,800 km2 (690 sq mi)
Waterbodies	Straumsfjorden, Topsæ, Herefossfjorden
Physical characteristics
Length	143 km (89 mi)
Discharge	Location: Tofdalsfjorden Average rate: 65 m3/s (2,300 cu ft/s)

Tovdalselva (also known as the Tofdalselva, Tovdalsåna, Tovdalsåni, or Topdalselva; literally: the Tov valley river) is 143 kilometres (89 mi) long and is one of the longest rivers in Southern Norway. The river flows through Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder counties from the mountains on the northeast side of the Setesdal valley in Valle municipality southwards until it reaches the sea at the Tofdalsfjorden between Hamresanden and Kjevik in Kristiansand. The upper reaches of the river include many lakes such as the Herefossfjorden and the Straumsfjorden (the largest lake on the river). It drains about 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi) in territory and the highest point in the watershed is 1,101 metres (3,612 ft) above sea level. The drainage basin includes parts or all of the following municipalities: Fyresdal, Valle, Bygland, Evje og Hornnes, Åmli, Froland, Grimstad, Birkenes, Iveland, Lillesand, and Kristiansand.^[1]

Fishing

Tovdalselva was long considered one of the greatest salmon fishing rivers in the land. From 1880 to 1883, it was Norway's third most productive salmon river calculated both by weight and by value of the salmon caught. This had decreased seriously by the 1900s. By 1970, the salmon fishing in the Tovdalselva was almost completely lost.^[2]

References