Pen y Fan

Pen y Fan
Pen y Fan from Cribyn
Highest point
Elevation	886 m (2,907 ft)
Prominence	672 m (2,205 ft)
Parent peak	Snowdon
Listing	Marilyn, Hewitt, Council top, Nuttall
Coordinates	51°53′00″N 3°26′13″W / 51.88328°N 3.43684°W / 51.88328; -3.43684Coordinates: 51°53′00″N 3°26′13″W / 51.88328°N 3.43684°W / 51.88328; -3.43684
Naming
Translation	the mountain's peak (Welsh)
Pronunciation	Welsh: [pɛnəˈvan]
Geography
Pen y Fan Pen y Fan in the Brecon Beacons National Park (green area)
Location	Powys, UK
Parent range	Brecon Beacons
OS grid	SO012215
Topo map	OS Landranger 160

Pen y Fan /pɛn.ə.ˈvæn/ is the highest peak in south Wales, situated in the Brecon Beacons National Park. At 886 metres (2,907 ft) above sea-level, it is also the highest British peak south of Cadair Idris in Snowdonia. The twin summits of Pen y Fan and Corn Du at 873 m (2,864 ft) were formerly referred to as Cadair Arthur or 'Arthur's Seat'.^[1]

The mountain and surrounding area are owned by the National Trust whose work parties attempt to combat the erosion caused by the passage of thousands of feet up and down this most popular of South Wales' peaks. The mountain is used by the military as part of the selection process of the UK's Special Forces personnel. Three soldiers who died after collapsing in the field in July 2013 were believed to have been climbing the mountain (see "Fan Dance") while undergoing Special Air Service selection.^[2]

Access

The peak is a major objective in the Beacons Way, a long distance footpath which passes from east to west across the massif.The peak also features in many walks, charity runs as well as being popular with the public for its ease of access via a well made and evenly graded footpath from the Storey Arms on the main road A470 some 1500 feet below. The entire range is open to all walkers and ramblers, although the well engineered paths form the best ways across the peaks, especially on the steep slopes behind the main peak and across to Cribyn. They are also the safest routes in poor weather, such as mist, rain and snow or ice.

Storey Arms

The Storey Arms is an outdoor education centre beside the A470, the main trunk road between the north and south of Wales, in the Brecon Beacons National Park near Libanus, Powys, Wales.^[3][4][5] Run by Cardiff City Council since 1971, the residential centre can accommodate up to 58 people.^[6][7] Its activities include kayaking and canoeing, caving, hill walking, rock climbing and white water rafting.^[8] The centre is at 440 metres (1,444 ft) above sea-level, along the pass between Pen y Fan and Fan Fawr, at the foot of Corn Du.^[5][9] It takes its name from a large coaching inn with a pitched slate roof (named after a local landowner, Storey Maskelyne), which was demolished in 1924.^[10][11] The site of the original inn is east of the centre, beyond the Pont ar Daf car park.^[12]

Buses stop on either side of the A470 outside the centre.^[9]

The car park at Pont ar Daf, 200 metres (656 ft) from the Storey Arms centre, is the most popular access point for tourists and walkers to Pen y Fan.^[9][13] The car park, which has space for around 50 cars, is owned by the Welsh Government.^[9] Toilet facilities are available at the site.^[4]

A footpath connects the Storey Arms centre, bus stops and the Pont ar Daf car park to the path leading to Corn Du and Pen y Fan.^[4][13]

Summit

A National Trust plaque marking the summit

The summit lies on a ridge stretching from Talybont Reservoir in the east, to the A470. About 0.5 km (0.31 mi) to the south-west lies the subsidiary top of Corn Du, beyond which the terrain drops at a moderate angle to the subsidiary top of Y Gyrn then more steeply to the Storey Arms on the A470. To the east, the ridge drops steeply to the col connecting it to Cribyn, the next mountain along the ridge. From Corn Du, a ridge with an inner escarpment descends south towards Merthyr Tydfil.

Archaeology

The summit is marked by a well preserved and structured Bronze Age cairn with a central stone cist, similar to that on the nearby summit of Corn Du. The grave is fitted with a series of concentric stone kerbs to protect the central mound from slippage. The cist is a box formed by vertical stone slabs near the centre of the barrow, and it is currently occupied by the National Trust sign, but will have originally held the ashes or other remnants of a dead person or persons since multiple burials together are common in the British Bronze Age. It also held grave goods left with the human remains, such as flint tools, cinerary urns, or flower tributes. The similar round barrow on Fan Foel was excavated in 2002-4 and revealed such items in the central cist, the flowers being those of meadowsweet.

Name

The name Pen y Fan consists of the Welsh words pen ('top, head, peak, summit', etc.), y ('the') and fan, a mutated form of ban ('summit, crest, peak, beacon, hill, mountain', etc.). The same noun ban, in its plural form bannau, is found in the Welsh name for the Brecon Beacons: Bannau Brycheiniog. There is no one standard translation of Pen y Fan, but 'the mountain's peak' or 'the beacon's summit' are both possible translations.^[14]

Geology

Pen y Fan is formed from various units of the Old Red Sandstone which were laid down during the Devonian period. The lower slopes of the mountain are formed from the sandstones and mudstones of the Senni Formation whilst the upper slopes are formed from those of the Brownstones Formation. The very summit, like that of neighbouring Corn Du, is composed of hard-wearing sandstones of the Plateau Beds Formation. The beds of sandstone dip gently southwards towards the South Wales Coalfield basin.
The Brecon Beacons nurtured their own glaciers during the last ice age and both Cwm Llwch and Cwm Sere were excavated by glaciers which grew in the lee of the high ground. Llyn Cwm Llwch occupies a glacially excavated rock hollow and the lake is partly dammed by a late-glacial moraine.^[15] The mountain is the highest point within the Fforest Fawr Geopark which was established in 2005 to promote economic development, particularly sustainable tourism, based on the area's geological heritage.

Tommy Jones' Obelisk

Tommy Jones Obelisk

The summit

Near the route from the Storey Arms (once a coaching inn on the Brecon to Merthyr road^[16]) to the summit is a memorial granite obelisk, with an inscription which reads: "This obelisk marks the spot where the body of Tommy Jones aged 5 was found. He lost his way between Cwm Llwch Farm and the Login on the night of August 4, 1900. After an anxious search of 29 days his remains were discovered Sept [2nd]. Erected by voluntary subscriptions. W Powell Price Mayor of Brecon 1901."

Tommy was the son of a Rhondda coal miner, and had been visiting his grandparents at the time. He died from exhaustion and hypothermia or exposure. How a small boy managed to climb so high remains a mystery.

The obelisk, a useful landmark in misty conditions, was paid for by the proceeds of a memorial fund started when the jurors at the boy’s inquest waived their fees.^[17]

The search was used as the theme of the 1980 film, Tommy Jones.^[18]

Panorama

From the summit on a clear day the Bristol Channel (including the islands of Flat Holm and Steep Holm), Carmarthen Bay, Swansea Bay, the Gower Peninsula, the Black Mountains, the Cambrian Mountains, Exmoor, the town of Brecon and much of Mid Wales and the South Wales Valleys, and in a north-easterly direction the Clee Hills in South Shropshire can be seen.

References

See also

• Beacons Way

Tenth Man Down. (novel) Author: Chris Ryan

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pen y Fan.

• Computer generated summit panoramas North South Index
• BBC Wales feature on the Beacons
• National Trust walking route
• www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Pen y Fan and surrounding area
• Victim of the Beacons : The Tommy Jones Story from the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority
• Walk up Pen y Fan from Storey Arms
• Traffig Cymru - Traffic Wales CCTV camera at A470 Storey Arms