Tlazolteotl

Huaxtec statue of Tlazolteotl from Mexico, 900-1521 CE (British Museum, id:Am1989,Q.3 )

In Aztec mythology, Tlazolteotl (or Tlaçolteotl, Nahuatl Tlazōlteōtl Nahuatl pronunciation: [tɬaso:ɬˈteo:tɬ]) is a goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, filth, and a patroness of adulterers. In Nahuatl, the word tlazōlli can refer to vice and diseases. Thus, Tlazolteotl was a goddess of filth (sin), vice, and sexual misdeeds. However, she was a purification goddess as well, who forgave sins and cured diseases caused by misdeeds, particularly sexual misdeeds.[1] Her dual nature is seen in her epithets; Tlahēlcuāni ('she who eats "tlahēlli" or filthy excrescence [sin]') and Tlazōlmiquiztli ('the death caused by lust'), and Ixcuina or Ixcuinan (Huastec 'Ix Cuinim', Goddess of Cotton).[2][3][4] Under the designation of Ixcuinan she was thought to be quadripartite, composed of four sisters of different ages known by the names Tiyacapan (the first born), Tēicuih (the younger sister, also Tēiuc), Tlahco (the middle sister, also Tlahcoyēhua) and Xōcotzin (the youngest sister). When conceived of as four individual goddesses, they were called ixcuinammeh or tlazōltēteoh.[3][4]

Tlazolteotl presides over the 13th trecena of the sacred 260-day calendar, the one beginning with the day Ce Ollin, or First Movement. She is associated with the day sign of the jaguar.[5]

Aztec religion

A depiction of Tlazoteotl, styled as in the Codex Borgia manuscript.

Tlazolteotl may have originally been a Huaxtec goddess from the Gulf Coast.[1] In the Aztec religion there were two main deities thought to preside over confession: Tezcatlipoca, because he was thought to be invisible and omnipresent, seeing everything; and Tlazolteotl, the goddess of lechery and unlawful love.[6] It is said that when a man confessed before Tlazolteotl everything was revealed. Confession to Tlazolteotl would be done through a priest but, unlike the Christian practice, it happened only once during a man's lifetime.

According to Aztec belief, it was Tlazolteotl who inspired vicious desires, and who likewise forgave and cleaned away the defilement of sin.[6] She was also thought to cause disease, especially sexually transmitted disease. It was said that Tlazolteotl and her companions would afflict people with disease if they indulged themselves in forbidden love.[7] The uncleanliness was considered both on a physical and moral level, and could be cured by steam bath, a rite of purification, or calling upon the tlazōltēteoh, the goddesses of love and desires.[7]

Dirt eating

Tlazolteotl was called "Goddess of Dirt" (Tlazolteotl) and "Eater of Ordure" (Tlahelcuani, 'she who eats dirt [sin]'), with her dual nature of goddess of dirt and also of purification. Sins were symbolized by dirt. Her dirt-eating symbolized the ingestion of the sin of those who confessed, and in doing so purified it.[8][9] She was depicted with ochre colored symbols of divine excrement around her mouth and nose.[9] In the Aztec language the word for sacred, tzin , comes from tzintli, the buttocks, and religious rituals include offerings of "liquid gold" (urine) and "divine excrement", which Klein jocularly translated to English as "holy shit".[9][10]

She had the function of creating harmony again in the community.[9]

Festival

Tlazolteotl was one of the primary Aztec deities celebrated in the festival of "Ochpaniztli" (meaning "sweeping") that was held September 2–21 to recognize the harvest season. The ceremonies conducted during this timeframe included ritual cleaning, sweeping, and repairing, as well as the casting of corn seed, dances, and military ceremonies.[11]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Miller & Taube, p.168
  2. ↑ Soustelle, p.104,199
  3. 1 2 Sahagun, Florentine codex book 1, p. 23
  4. 1 2 Sullivan, p.12
  5. ↑ Sullivan
  6. 1 2 Soustelle, p.199
  7. 1 2 Soustelle, p.193
  8. ↑ Thelma D. Sullivan (1982) Tlazolteotl-Ixcuina: The Great Spinner and Weaver. p.15
  9. 1 2 3 4 Gonzales, Patrisia (2012) Red Medicine: Traditional Indigenous Rites of Birthing and Healing pp.98-9 quotation:
    Klein reinterprets the ochre color symbols found around the mouth and nose of some Tlazolteotl depictions, as well as painted to represent matter emanating from the buttocks-from connoting "dirt" to "divine excrement." She notes that tlazōlli-interpreted by many academics as Tlazolteotl's root word-is not only excrement or something old or used. Similarly the word for "venerable" is tzin, which comes from tzintli, the buttocks. Urine as "liquid gold" and offerings of excrement are examples of "divine excrement" or, as Klein writes playfully, "Holy Shit."
  10. ↑ Klein, Cecelia F. (1993) Teocuitlatl, 'Divine Excrement': The Significance of 'Holy Shit' in Ancient Mexico, in Art Journal (CAA), Vol.52, n.3, Fall 1993, pp.20-7
  11. ↑ Townsend, p.221

References

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