Timeline of the formation of the Universe

Diagram of Evolution of the universe from the Big Bang (left) to the present

This is a timeline of the formation and subsequent evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang (13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago) to the present day. Times are measured from the moment of the Big Bang.

The first second

Planck epoch

Grand Unification Epoch

Electroweak epoch

Quarks epoch

Hadron epoch

Lepton Epoch

Matter era

Photon epoch

Cosmic Dark Age

All-sky map of the CMB, created from nine years of WMAP data

Renaissance

Galaxy epoch

Acceleration

Formation of the solar system

Recent history

See also

References

  1. Cheng, Ta-Pei; Li, Ling-Fong (1983). Gauge Theory of Elementary Particle Physics. Oxford University Press. p. 437. ISBN 0-19-851961-3.
  2. Guth, "Phase transitions in the very early universe", in: Hawking, Gibbon, Siklos (eds.), The Very Early Universe (1985).
  3. Loeb, Abraham (October 2014). "The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe" (PDF). International Journal of Astrobiology. 13 (4): 337–339. Bibcode:2014IJAsB..13..337L. doi:10.1017/S1473550414000196. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  4. Loeb, Abraham (2 December 2013). "The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe". International Journal of Astrobiology. 13 (4): 337. Bibcode:2014IJAsB..13..337L. arXiv:1312.0613Freely accessible. doi:10.1017/S1473550414000196.
  5. Dreifus, Claudia (2 December 2014). "Much-Discussed Views That Go Way Back - Avi Loeb Ponders the Early Universe, Nature and Life". New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  6. R. Cowen (10 January 2013). "Nearby star is almost as old as the Universe". Nature. Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12196. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  7. Wall, Mike (12 December 2012). "Ancient Galaxy May Be Most Distant Ever Seen". Space.com. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  8. Klotz, Irene. "Hubble Spies Most Distant, Oldest Galaxy Ever". Discovery Channel. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  9. "GRB 090423 goes Supernova in a galaxy, far, far away". Zimbio. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
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