Timeline of agriculture and food technology

Paleolithic

30,600 BC – Pestle used as a tool in southern Italy to grind oats.^[1]

Neolithic Revolution

8,500 BC – Neolithic Revolution, the first agricultural revolution, begins in the ancient Near East
8,000 BC – was domesticated wheat at PPNA sites in the Levant.
7500 BC – PPNB sites across the Fertile Crescent growing wheat, barley, chickpeas, peas, beans, flax and bitter vetch. Sheep and goat domesticated.
7000 BC – agriculture had reached southern Europe with evidence of emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, sheep, goats, and pigs suggest that a food producing economy is adopted in Greece and the Aegean.
7000 BC – Cultivation of wheat, sesame, barley, and eggplant in Mehrgarh (modern day Pakistan).
7000 BC – Domestication of cattle and chicken in Mehrgarh, modern day Pakistan.
6800 BC – Rice domesticated in southeast Asia.
6500 BC – Evidence of cattle domestication in Turkey. ^[2] Some sources say this happened earlier in other parts of the world.
6001 BC – Archaeological evidence from various sites on the Iberian peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and animals.
6000 BC – Granary built in Mehrgarh for storage of excess food.
5500 BC – Céide Fields in Ireland are the oldest known field systems in the world, this landscape consists of extensive tracts of land enclosed by brick walls.^[3]
4000 BC – In Mehrgarh, the domestication of numerous crops, including peas, sesame seeds, dates, and cotton, as well as a wide range of domestic animals, including the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo, an animal that remains essential to intensive agricultural production throughout Asia today.
4000 BC – Egyptians discover how to make bread using yeast
4000 BC – Evidence for rice domestication in the Khorat Plateau area of northwestern Thailand.^[4]
4000 BC – First use of light wooden ploughs in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq)
3500 BC – Irrigation was being used in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq)
3500 BC – First agriculture in the Americas, around Central Amazonia or Ecuador
3000 BC – Turmeric, cardamom, pepper and mustard are harvested in the Indus Valley Civilization.
3000 BC – Fermentation of dough, grain, and fruit juices is in practice.
3000 BC – Sugar produced in India

Antiquity

2600 BC – Large-scale commercial timbering of cedars in Phoenicia (Lebanon) for export to Egypt and Sumeria. Similar commercial timbering in South India.
1700 BC – Wind powered machine developed by Babylonians
1300 BC – Creation of canal linking the Nile delta to the Red Sea
691 BC – First aqueduct (approx. 50 miles long) constructed to bring water to Nineveh.
530 BC – Tunnel of Eupalinos first underground aqueduct
500 BC – The moldboard iron plough is invented in China
500 BC – Row cultivation of crops using intensive hoeing to weed and conserve moisture practised in China
300 BC – Efficient trace harness for plowing invented in China
200 BC – Efficient collar harness for plowing invented in China
100 BC – Rotary winnowing fan invented in China
100 BC – The multi-tube seed drill is invented in China
AD 200 – The fishing reel invented in China
600 – The distillation of alcohol in China
607 – The Chinese begin constructing a massive canal system to connect the Yellow and Yangtze rivers

Modern technological advances

1700 – British Agricultural Revolution begins
1804 - Vincenzo Dandolo writes several treatises of agriculture and sericulture.
1809 – French confectioner Nicolas Appert invents canning
1837 – John Deere invents steel plough
1863 – International "Corn Show" in Paris with corn varieties from different countries
1866 – Gregor Mendel publishes his paper describing Mendelian inheritance
1871 – Louis Pasteur invents pasteurization
1895 – Refrigeration for domestic and commercial food preservation introduced in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively.
1913 - The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, made it possible to produce ammonia, and thereby fertilize, on an industrial scale.
1930 – First use of aerial photos in Earth sciences and agriculture.

Green Revolution

1944 – Green Revolution begins in Mexico
1974 – China creates the first hybrid rice.^[5] See Yuan Longping.
2000 – Genetically modified plants cultivated around the world.
2005 – Lasers used to replace stickers by writing on food to "track and trace" and identify individual pieces of fresh fruit.^[6]

References

↑ Multistep food plant processing at Grotta Paglicci (Southern Italy) around 32,600 cal B.P.
↑ James Owen for National Geographic News (2008-08-06). "Stone Age Milk Use Began 2,000 Years Earlier".
↑ Céide Fields. Visitor Centre Ballycastle, County Mayo, Ireland.
↑ Mohar Singh and Hari D. Upadhyaya (2015). Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement. Academic Press. ISBN 0128020008.
↑ Hybrid rice for Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
↑ Moskin, Julia. (July 19, 2005). "Tattooed Fruit Is on Way". New York Times.

External links

Prehistoric technology

Tools

Farming

Food processing

Hunting

Arrow Boomerang throwing stick Bow and arrow history Nets Spear Spear-thrower baton harpoon woomera Schöningen Spears
Projectile points	Arrowhead Bare Island Cascade Clovis Cresswell Cumberland Eden Folsom Lamoka Manis Site Plano Transverse arrowhead
Systems	Game drive system Buffalo jump

Toolmaking

Other tools

Architecture

Ceremonial	Göbekli Tepe Kiva Standing stones megalith row Stonehenge Pyramid
Dwellings	Neolithic architecture British megalith architecture Nordic megalith architecture Burdei Cave Cliff dwelling Dugout Hut Quiggly hole Jacal Longhouse Mud brick Mehrgarh Neolithic long house Pit-house Pueblitos Pueblo Rock shelter Blombos Cave Abri de la Madeleine Sibudu Cave Stone roof Roundhouse Stilt house Alp pile dwellings Wattle and daub
Water management	Check dam Cistern Flush toilet Reservoir Water well
Other architecture	Archaeological features Broch Burnt mound fulacht fiadh Causewayed enclosure Tor enclosure Circular enclosure Goseck Cursus Henge Thornborough Oldest buildings Megalithic architectural elements Midden Timber circle Timber trackway Sweet Track

Arts and culture

Material goods	Baskets Beadwork Beds Chalcolithic Clothing/textiles timeline Cosmetics Glue Hides shoes Ötzi Jewelry amber use Mirrors Pottery Cardium Grooved ware Linear Jōmon Unstan ware Sewing needle Weaving Wine Winery wine press
PrehistArt	Art of the Upper Paleolithic Art of the Middle Paleolithic Blombos Cave List of Stone Age art Bird stone Bradshaw rock paintings Cairn Carved Stone Balls Cave paintings painting pigment Cup and ring mark Geoglyph Golden hats Guardian stones Megalithic art Petroform Petroglyph Petrosomatoglyph Pictogram Rock art Stone carving Sculpture Statue menhir Stone circle list British Isles and Brittany Venus figurines
Burial	Burial mounds Bowl barrow Round barrow Mound Builders culture U.S. sites Chamber tomb Severn-Cotswold Cist Dartmoor kistvaens Clava cairn Court tomb Cremation Dolmen Great dolmen Funeral pyre Gallery grave transepted wedge-shaped Grave goods Jar burial Long barrow unchambered Grønsalen Megalithic tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Tumulus Unchambered long cairn
Other cultural	Astronomy sites lunar calendar Behavioral modernity Origin of language Prehistoric medicine trepanning Evolutionary musicology music archaeology Prehistoric music Alligator drum flutes Divje Babe flute gudi Prehistoric numerals Origin of religion Paleolithic religion Prehistoric religion Spiritual drug use Prehistoric warfare Symbols symbolism

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