Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde

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The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.

Prehistoric and precolonial era

• Around 30 to 25 million years ago - The southern seamount was formed
• Around 25 to 20 million years ago - The northern seamount was formed
• Around 7 to 5 million years ago - The island with its crater now known as Pico da Antónia was formed, its length was about 15 km
• Around 5. 5 to 4. 5 million years ago - during the early Pliocene and the Zanclean periods - the Flamengos rock formation formed^[1]
• About 5 to 4 million years ago - another island with its crater at present day Serra da Malagueta was formed its length was about 10 km
• Around 3.3 to 2.3 million years ago - during the Piacenzian and the Gelasian periods., the Pico da Antónia and its rock formation formed^[1]
• About 3 to 2 million years ago, the two islands merged into a larger island
• 2.6 to 2.3 million years ago - Assomada rock formation formed^[1]
• 1.1 million to 770.000 years ago - Monte das Vacas rock formation formed during the Early Pleistocene periods^[1]
• Around 73,000 years ago - The eastern portion of the island of Fogo—a volume of approximately 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of rock—collapsed into the ocean generating a 170-metre (560 ft) high megatsunami. The surge inundated the western part of Santiago, running up to heights of 270 metres (890 ft) and carrying large boulders onto a plateau at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).^[2][3]
• Around 3,000 to 1,000 BC - Ilhéu de Santa Maria separated from the island of Santiago, it used to be a hill and was a surrounded by a southeastern and a southern hill that had now disappeared
• 1475 BC - March 30: An annular solar eclipse took place at the start of afternoon in the island
• 1232 BC - March 14: A total solar eclipse in most of the island
• 1153 BC - June 6 - A total solar eclipse took place in the late afternoon hours in the island
• 748 BC - August 27: An annular solar eclipse took place in late morning in the island
• 191 BC: September 18: An annular solar eclipse took place in parts of the island, the remainder was visibly partial
• 65 BC - December 14: An annular solar eclipse took place before noon on the island
• 5 AD - March 28: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 25 Roman miles (30 km) south of the island, from that point, it was shown as an annular eclipse, it was shown as partial on the island^[4]
• 75 AD - January 5: a total solar eclipse took place in one of the four/five islands that included the island, the greatest eclipse was about 30 km north of present-day Tarrafal and Tras os Montes^[5]
• 511 - January 19: A total solar eclipse took mid afternoon and probably included a small part of the southeast of the island, the remainder was visibly partial
• 1000 - October 7: An annular solar eclipse took place in the island
• 1112 - April 7: A total solar eclipse took place in the island
• 1152 - August 10: a total solar eclipse took place on the island
• 1372 - April 13: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 20 miles (30 km) south of the island, it was visibly partial in the archipelago

Colonial era

Drake at Santiago, Cape Verde, 1589 hand-colored engraving, by Baptista Boazio, 1589

Santiago Island, a 1647 painting by Caspar Schmalkalden

• 1460 - The island was discovered by António da Noli
• 1462 - The city of Cidade Velha was founded and the colony of Portuguese Cape Verde was established
• 1466 - A monopoly of slaves began, its first slaves in Cape Verde arrived
• 1493 - Construction of Nossa Senhora do Rosário church began
• 1495 - The church of Nossa Senhora do Rosario completed, the first colonial church
• 1497 - Vasco da Gama stopped by at Cidade Velha on his way to India
• 1498 - Explorer Christopher Columbus stopped by at Cidade Velha on his way for his third voyage to the Americas
• 1513 to 1515 - Slavery expanded the commerce of the island
• 1520 - Island and Cape Verde's first pillory constructed
• 1522 - Ferdinand Magellan stopped by the island for his voyage to circumnavigate the world
• 1533
  • Ribeira Grande elevated to a city
  • The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde created by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia" of Pope Clement VII.
• 1541 - The island was raided by Barbary pirates
• 1555 - Sé Cathedral in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) built
• 1556 - A cathedral constructed by bishop Francisco da Cruz
• 1572 - Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) was elevated to a city, the first in Cape Verde
• 1578 - The first English corsairs and pirates attacked Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha)
• 1584 - Philippine Dynasty in power
• 1585
  • Capture of Santiago (1585), Cidade Velha damaged during raid by English corsair Sir Francis Drake, São Domingos was also looted^[6][7] and on November 28 Porto Praya (now Praia) razed, only the town hospital was spared, the fleet left after November, this was part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585)
  • November 17 - Plans for Fort Real de São Filipe started
• 1589 - Engraving about the raid on Ribeira Grande (common name was Cape Verde City or Cidade de Cabo Verde, now Cidade Velha) finished by Giovanni Battista Boazio, the first engraving and its hand colored made about Cape Verde or any of its island
• 1593 - Forte Real de São Filipe was built, the first fort in Cape Verde
• 1615 - Praia de Santa Maria appeared on the previous settlement on the plateau
• 1650 - Philippine Dynasty ends
• 1655 - The plan of the City of Cape Verde (now Cidade Velha) was written, it formed a part of the Atlas by Leonardo de Ferrari.
• 1673 - August 12: A total solar eclipse started about 50 miles (90–100 km) south of the island, it was visibly partial in the island
• 1676 - June 11: An annular solar eclipse took place in the island
• 1677 - Elisabeth van der Woude visited the island, she described it in her diary on her way to Dutch Guyana (now simply Surinam) where his father had to be buried illegally because he was a Reformed Protestant, not a Catholic.^[8]
• 1687 - Slave trader Bibiana Vaz arrested and then taken to the island, unable to her confiscate her property, granted her a pardon in exchange for an indemnity and a promise that she would construct a fort in Bolor on the Cacheu River.
• 1693 - Sé Catherdal in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) completed, it would be destroyed in 1712 as part of the Cassard expedition
• 1712
  • May 5: Jacques Cassard landed his 5 ships at Praia Harbor
  • May 5: Cidade Velha along with its fort were destroyed by French corsairs commanded by Jacques Cassard in the Cassard expedition
  • Because of the raid, Ribeira Grande no longer served as island capital, the name became Cidade Velha
• 1720 - Population: approximately 12,000
• 1752
  • May 13: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset and the umbral part included the island
  • November 15: Jan Frans Michel visited the island as he was on his second journey to China under the Prussian Asiatic Company^[9]
• 1770 - Island capital officially transferred from Ribeira Grande to Praia (then Porto Praya)^[10]
  

  Porto Praya (now Praia) in 1772
  

  A depiction of Praia during the Battle of Porto Praya
  

  Porto Praya (now Praia) in 1806
• 1781 - April 16: - Though Portugal was neutral throughout the conflict (Anglo-French War, American Revolutionary War), the Battle of Porto Praya took place off modern day Praia and the island between Great Britain and France
• Around 1794 - Cotton first produced in the island of Santiago and Cape Verde, created by the colonial governor José da Silva Maldonado de Eça^[11]
• 1788 - A total solar eclipse took place about 50 miles (80 km) south of the island, it was visibly in the island
• 1800 - Population: approcimately 26,000
• 1817 - Cape Verde's first primary school opened
• 1822
  • A riot broke out in Praia instigated by Manuel António Martins which overthrew António Pusich and put João da Mata Chapuzet as colonial governor^[12]
  • May 8: João da Mata Chapuzet was governor of Cape Verde up to around September 1826. He was engineer and military architect and underwent large modernization of the city of Praia, capital of the archipelago, one of the buildings he designed was Quartel Jaime Mota.^[13]
• 1826 - Quartel Jaime Mota barracks built
• 1830 - Population: around 24,000
• 1831 - The first famine struck the island
• 1832 - Scientist Charles Darwin along with the Beagle's visit to the island of Santiago and its then colonial capital Praia (then as Porto Praya),^[14] he also visited Ilhéu de Santa Maria^[15]
• 1833 - The first famine ended (see Famine in Cape Verde)
• 1834 - February 14: Portuguese colonial governor Manuel António Martins decided to transfer the colonial seat from Praia to Picos, this had never happened^[16]
• 1835 - The Fonteana Rebellion took place in Fonteana near Assomada
• 1849 - January: Sloop USS Yorktown along with William Harwar Parker visited Porto Praya (now Praia), several officers rotated off the ship and Parker became Acting Master, one of the first American ships and one of the first American sloop to visit Porto Praya and Santiago Island.
• 1850 - June: USS Yorktown returned to Porto Praya (now Praia), the ship later left for Funchal and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and returned to Cape Verde, originally intended to visit Santiago, it visited Mayo (now Maio) Island on September and struck a reef on September 6, the first American ship sunk in the waters of Cape Verde.
• 1855 - Much of the island suffered another famine, the governor temporarily moved the residence from Praia (then Porto Praya) to Picos, Praia remained colonial capital^[17]
• 1861 - Liceu Nacional first opened, it was first built in 1860 under the colonial governor Januário Correia de Almeida.^[18]
• 1865:
  • The first branch of the Portuguese bank for the colonies, the Banco Nacional Ultramarina was opened, it would be replaced with the Bank of Cape Verde in 1975 after it became an independent nation
  • October 19: an annular solar eclipse took place in the island^[19]
• 1866 - Batuque became banned in Praia
• 1872 - Corpo de Polícia Civil, now the Capeverdean National Police established, its station and headquarters was in Praia
• 1881 - Farol de D. Maria Pia (commonly today as Farol de Pta. Temerosa) near Praia built
  

  1884 Map of Porto Praya (now Praia) featuring Ilhéu de Santa Maria, written as Quail Island and written with its geographic location on top right below the map title
• 1884 - India Rubber Gutta Percha extended the telegraph (now communications) line from Mindelo to Praia
• 1887 - Farol de Ponta do Lobo, a lighthouse in the east of the island built
• 1889 - Farol da Ponta Preta northwest of Tarrafal built
• 1890 - Population: 63,795
• 1896 - A form of Cape Verdean music called tabanka became banned in Praia by the colonial governor Serpa Pinto along with funaná
• 1902 – Present church of Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace, Praia or Praia Cathedral completed
• 1906 - A species of wall geckos named Tarentola rudis were described by George Albert Boulenger, native even to the island^[20]
• 1910 - The Ribeirão Manuel Rebellion took place west of Assomada
• 1917 - Municipality of Tarrafal created out of the Municipality of Santa Catarina
• 1920 - Population: around 60,000
• 1922 - Aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral boarded a hydroplane Lusitânia for the First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic which had Praia (then Porto Praia) and the harbor as its stop, it started from Lisbon and finished in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.^[21]
• 1926 - the Monument to Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque was erected in the area of the city square in Praia after the colonial governor Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque who ruled from 1869 to 1876
• 1927 - Electricity introduced to the city of Praia, the first Cape Verdean city or region
• 1929 - December 2: Sporting Clube da Praia footbal (soccer) club founded, the first established on the island
• 1930
  • Population: 63,154
  • October 15: Clube Desportivo Travadores founded
• 1931
  • Assomada's city market founded
  • May 1: Vitória Futebol Clube founded
    

    Praia and the locality of Gamboa or Cha das Aldeias in 1936
• 1939 - July 5: Boavista Futebol Clube founded
• 1940s - As the Catholic Church started to reform, in the mountainous parts of the interior, some people became isolated from society and the Rabelados community formed
• 1940 - Population: 77,192^[22]
• 1941 - September 27–28: Though Portugal was neutral throughout World War II, the Action in Tarafal Bay, part of the Second Battle of the Atlantic engaged between the submarines of the British Navy and Germany, the battle was inconclusive
• 1944, March - Cape Verdean review Certeza started publishing in Praia,^[23] a milestone in Cape Verdean literature, it was later banned by the censors a year later,^[24] three editions were published,^[25]
• 1946 - A petition took place in Assomada and the surrounding area
• 1947 - Famine struck the island which made people to move to São Tomé and Príncipe, Dakar and some European countries
• 1948 - May 5: Os Garridos football (soccer) club established
• 1950 - Population: 58,893^[22]
• 1953 - Both the Cape Verdean Colonial Championships and the Santiago Championships started its first edition
• 1955 - Our Lady of Fatima Church (Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátim) in Milho Branco near São Domingos constructed by P. Figueira Pinto
• 1957 - Seminary of São José opened near Ponta Temerosa, south of the center of Praia
• 1960 - Population: 88,587^[22]
• 1961 - Praia Airport first opened, after independence, the nation's third airport or aerodrome opened, it would operate for 44 years before a new airport opened in the northeast
• 1962
  • The first attacks ordered by the guerrillas of the PAIGC, this started the struggle against the oppression of Portugal, months later the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence broke out in Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), due to logistical reasons, Cape Verde didn't take part
  • The Port of Praia relocated to the area of Ponta de Visconde (now Ponta do Porto)
  • August: Demonstrations over the elevation of the Minister of Overseas
  • December 15: Académica da Praia founded
• 1966 - São Lourenço FC football (soccer) club established
• 1968 - AD Bairro, also known as ADESBA, a football (soccer) club founded^[26]
• 1970
  • Population: 128,782^[22]
  • Spring: Student rebellion took place in Assomada
• 1971 - Municipality of Santa Cruz established
• 1972 - July 1: Celtic Futebol Clube founded
• 1973 - December 24: an annular solar eclipse occurred on the island before 15:30
• 1974:
  • April 25: the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous province
  • April 26: In the evening, all prisoners from the Tarrafal Camp were released
  • Mid-year: the final Cape Verdean colonial or provincial championships took place
  • October 13: Pedro Pires returned to Praia after being exiled

After independence in 1975-1999

• 1975
  • July 5: Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal and became and independent nation, Praia became the national capital
  • The ban on music genres including tabanka, funaná and batuque were lifted in Praia
  • Bairro, also known as ADESBA, its basketball team founded^[26]
• 1976
  • April 29: An annular solar eclipse took place about 80 km south of the island of Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
  • the first Cape Verdean football Championships took place in Praia
• 1979
  • Desportivo da Praia football (soccer) club established
  • Desportivo de Santa Cruz football (soccer) club established
• 1980
  • Population: 145,947^[22]
  • March 27: National Technological Investigation Institute (INIT - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Tecnológica) in São Jorge dos Órgãos founded
• 1982:
  • February 11–19: the football competition, the 1982 Amílcar Cabral Cup took place
  • April 17 - Central Elétrica da Praia (CEP - Praia Central Electricity) became a part of Electra electricity company
• 1983 - The Assomada-Tarrafal Route (LBRS-1, now the EN1-ST01) was rerouted from Figueira das Naus and Ribeira da Prata with its difficult curves to Serra Malagueta and Achada Longueira^[27]
• 1984
  • Port of Praia expanded and the point extended about 700 meters south of the original location^[28]
  • Tchadense football (soccer) club founded
• 1985
  • Santiago Island Cup (now the Santiago South Zone Cup) founded
  • Grupo Desportivo Varanda football (soccer) club founded
  • June 28: Praia became member of UCCLA, the Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities, one of seven at the time
  • December 7: SC Beira-Mar do Tarrafal founded
• 1986 - Jardim Botânico Nacional Grandvaux Barbosa, Cape Verde's only botanical garden created
• 1988
  • São Domingos municipality established, carved out of the northern part of the municipality of Praia
  • December 31: The National Historic Archives of Cape Verde (now known as the Cape Verdean National Archives) first opened
• 1990
  • Population: 189,478^[22]
  • September 16: Desportivo de Assomada founded
• 1991 - São Miguel municipality established carved out of the southeastern part of the municipality of Tarrafal
• 1992
  • Festival de Gamboa held its first edition at Praia da Gamboa, south of the city center
  • ISE (Instituto Superior de Educação) established
  • Estrela dos Amadores football (soccer) club established
• 1994 - September 24: Varandinha of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
• 1995 - July 31: Barcelona or Amabos Barcelona of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
  

  Praia in 1996
• 1996 - Banco Caboverdiano de Negocios opened its bank head offices in Praia
• 1997
  • October 5: Museu Etnográfico (Ethnographic Museum) first opened
  • INIDA (Instituto Nacionai de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário) replaced INIT, based in São Jorge dos Órgãos
• 1998
  • Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde or the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange founded under a governmental decision
  • September 28: a TACV de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (registered D4-CAX) crash-landed at Francisco Mendes Airport (serving Praia at that time) during a landing attempt in stormy weather^[29]
• 1999 - National Library of Cape Verde first opened

21st century

• 2000:
  • Population: 229,900^[30]
  • May 4–14: The football competition, the 2001 Amílcar Cabral Cup took place in Praia
    

    Aerial view of Praia taken from a plane in 2001
    

    Satellite view of Santiago except for the northern part in August 2002
• 2001
  • Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde established
  • April 12: Grémio Desportivo Nhagar football (soccer) club established
• 2003
  • Monte Graciosa became a protected area
  • Scorpion Vermelho football (soccer) club established
  • February 24: Serra da Malagueta Natural Park established, the first national park created on the island
  • August: Santiago Island League split in two, the North and the South Zones, the Santiago South Zone Cup replaced the Praia Cup.
• 2004 - December: Construction of Poilão west of Pedra Badejo began
• 2005
  • Two new municipalities created including Ribeira Grande de Santiago and São Salvador do Mundo were created
  • Praia's airport became the second airport to serve international or out of country flights, until that time, Sal was the only international airport in Cape Verde.
  • November 22: São Domingos' health center opened^[31]
  • November 25: Benfica de Santa Cruz football (soccer) club established
  • December: Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange) started operations, since 2013, its building is south of Estàdio da Várzea sports complex.
• 2006
  • Estádio da Várzea finished, refurbished and completed
  • May 24: The island dam named Poilão west of Pedra Badejo completed, the first dam or reservoir in Cape Verde.^[32]
  • November 21: University of Cape Verde established
• 2007 - February 7: Cape Verdean Prime Minister visited the Rabelados community in Espinho Branco and some other settlements^[33]

Estádio da Várzea after renovations in 2007

• 2008
  • Construction of the House of Marine and Sea Turtles began in Praia Baixo in São Domingos for the protection of sea turtles on the island, it was funded by the University of Algarve, Lisbon Oceanographic Institute and the local office of Lagoa near Faro, Portugal, it was completed in the following year.^[34]
  • Estádio Municipal 25 de Julho in Pedra Badejo west of the center opened
  • October 9: ISE, INAG and INIDA dissolved, they became the Faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, School of Business and Government, School of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, all part of the University of Cape Verde.^[35]
• 2009
  • April: A symposium took place at Tarrafal Camp on the 35th anniversary of its closing
  • June 10: Cidade Velha including its fortress became a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • June 27: Cidade Velha also became the Seven Wonders of the Portuguese-built Landmark in the World.
  • University of Santiago opened in Assomada, it would become Cape Verde's second and recent university
• 2010:
  • Population: 272,312^[30]
  • Escola Fulgéncio Lopes Tavares opened in the town of São Domingos
• Around 2010 or 2011 - Salineiro and Saquinho Dams started construction
• Around 2011 - the Praia Perimeter Road opened
• 2012 - Complexo Desportivo Adega completed^[36] It is 100 meters long and 64 meters wide.
• 2013 - Three reservoirs were completed in the island:
  • June 30: Barragem de Salineiro (Salineiro Dam) opened, it location is 2 km north of Cidade Velha.^[37]
  • July 19: Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Dam) opened, its location is in Faveta, located approximately northeast to Picos^[38]
  • October 30: Barragem de Saquinho (Saquinho Dam) opened, it is located northwest of Assomada^[39]
• 2015
  • EcobusCV started running a fleet of dual fuel waste vegetable oil / diesel modified Toyota HiACE minibuses using a scheduled service model between Praia and Assomada.
  • On Ilhéu de Santa Maria off the shores of Praia, Cape Verdean government and Legend Development Company made a legal contract and proposes to construct hotel resort and casino, its cost is around 30 billion Cape Verdean escudos (250 million euros).^[40] The Government conceded the islet probably for 75 years.
  • August and September: Hurricane Fred struck the island, its rains filled Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Reservoir) to maximum capacity and prompted residents from adjacent areas to evacuate.^[41]
• 2016:
  • Quercus, a Portuguese NGO opened its Cape Verdean branch in Praia
  • An army mutiny occurred in Monte Tchota west of Rui Vaz

See also

History page:

• History of Santiago, Cape Verde

Timeline by city or municipality:

• Timeline of Praia
• Timeline of Ribeira Grande de Santiago
• Timeline of Santa Catarina, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santa Cruz, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Domingos, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Tarrafal, Cape Verde

Other island timeline articles in Cape Verde:

• Timeline of Boa Vista, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Brava, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Fogo, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Maio, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Sal, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santo Antão, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Nicolau, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Vicente, Cape Verde

References