Timeline of Kaliningrad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. Prior to 1945, the city was known as Königsberg.

Prior to 16th century

History of Brandenburg and Prussia
Northern March pre–12th century		Old Prussians pre–13th century
Margraviate of Brandenburg 1157–1618 (1806)		Teutonic Order 1224–1525
		Duchy of Prussia 1525–1618	Royal (Polish) Prussia 1466–1772
Brandenburg-Prussia 1618–1701
Kingdom in Prussia 1701–1772
Kingdom of Prussia 1772–1918
Free State of Prussia 1918–1947			Klaipėda Region (Lithuania) 1920–1939 / 1945–present
Brandenburg (Germany) 1947–1952 / 1990–present	Recovered Territories (Poland) 1918/1945–present	Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia) 1945–present

Part of a series on the

History of Russia

Early Slavs / Rus'	pre-9th century
Khazar Khaganate	7th–10th century
Rus' Khaganate	9th century
Volga Bulgaria	9th–13th century
Kievan Rus'	882–1240
Vladimir-Suzdal	1157–1331
Novgorod Republic	1136–1478
Mongol Yoke	1240s–1480
Grand Duchy of Moscow	1283–1547
Tsardom of Russia	1547–1721
Russian Empire	1721–1917
Russian Republic	1917
Russian SFSR	1917–1922
Soviet Union	1922–1991
Russian Federation	1991–present

Timeline

Russia portal

1255 – Fortress built by Teutonic Knights during Prussian Crusade.
1256 – Settlement formed north of the fortress.
1262 – Prussians begin to besiege castle during the Great Prussian Uprising.
1264 – Settlement developed south of the castle.
1286 – Königsberg chartered.^[1]
1300 – Town of Löbenicht built.^[2]
1324 – Town of Kneiphof founded.^[2]
1340 – Königsberg joins Hanseatic League.^[1]
1377 – Köttelbrücke (bridge) built.^[3]
1379 – Schmiedebrücke (bridge) built.
1380 – Cathedral built in Kneiphof (approximate date).
1387 – Kneiphof Town Hall renovated.
1457 – Königsberg becomes capital of the State of the Teutonic Order.^[1]
1464 – Georg Steinhaupt becomes mayor.^[3]
1497 – Strait of Baltiysk dug near city.

16th-17th centuries

1523 - Printing press in operation.^[4]
1525
- Hohenzollern Albert becomes first Duke of Prussia.
- City becomes capital of the Duchy of Prussia.^[1]
1529 – Castle Library established.
1544 – Lutheran Albertina University founded.^[2]
1568 – March: Albert Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.
1590 – Green Bridge rebuilt.
1594 – Schlosskirche (castle church) dedicated.
1618 – August: John Sigismund becomes Duke of Prussia.
1619 – December: George William becomes Duke of Prussia.
1626 – City walls built.^[5]
1640 – December: Frederick William becomes Duke of Prussia.
1647 – Neurossgarten Church dedicated.
1657
- City "ceded to the elector of Brandenburg."^[6]
- Brandenburg Gate built.
- Fort Friedrichsburg under construction.^[2]
1688 – April: Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.

18th century

1701
- 18 January: Coronation of Frederick I of Prussia in the Schlosskirche.^[5]
- Capital of Duchy of Prussia relocated from Königsberg to Berlin.
1709 – Plague.^[5]
1718
- City Library opens.^[7]
- Królewiec Post Polish-language newspaper begins publication.
1724
- June: City of Königsberg expanded by uniting Altstadt, Kneiphof, and Löbenicht.^[1]
- Königsberg City Archive is located in the Town Hall (approximate date).
1735 – Math problem "Seven Bridges of Königsberg" presented.
1756 – Synagogue built.
1758
- 16 January: Russian forces enter city.^[5]
- 24 January: City becomes part of Russia.
1764 – Russian occupation ends.^[6]
1765 – Gumbinnen Gate built.
1780 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel becomes mayor.
1790 – Königshalle built.

19th century

1804 – 12 February: Immanuel Kant dies.
1807 – French in power.^[5]
1809 – Paradeplatz city garden established.
1810 – August Wilhelm Heidemann becomes mayor.
1812 – School of church music founded.
1813 – Koenigsberg Observatory built.
1814 – Carl Friedrich Horn becomes mayor.
1826 – Johann Friedrich List becomes mayor.
1828 – Royal and University Library formed.^[7]
1830 – Population: 54,000.^[2]
1833 – University's Department of Chemistry opens in Neurossgarten.
1838 – Rudolf von Auerswald becomes mayor.
1845
- Union Giesserei foundry in business.
- New Altstadt Church dedicated.
- Art academy opens.^[8]
1851 – Grolman Bastion built.
1855
- Sailing Club founded.
- Rossgarten Gate rebuilt.
1856 – Königsberg Cathedral restored.^[1]
1858 – Dohna Tower built.
1860 – Astronomic Bastion built.
1861
- 18 October: Coronation of William I, German Emperor, in the Schlosskirche.
- Albertina University new campus dedicated.
1867 – Population: 101,507.^[9]
1875
- Johann Karl Adolf Selke becomes mayor.
- Königsberg Stock Exchange built in Vorstadt.^[10]
1878 – Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.^[11]
1880
- Bronsart Fort built.
- Population: 140,800.^[1]
1883 – High Bridge rebuilt.
1886 – Siemering Museum established.^[12]
1889 – Eisenbahnbrücke (bridge) opens.
1890 – Population: 161,666.^[1]
1892 – Baltika Stadium opens.
1893 – Hermann Theodor Hoffmann becomes mayor.
1896 – Zoo founded.
1897 – Königsberger Tageblatt (newspaper) in publication.
1898 – Palaestra Albertina established.^[13]

20th century

1900-1945

1900
- Football Club Königsberg formed.
- Population: 187,897.^[6]
1901
- Queen Louise Memorial Church and Pillau-Königsberg canal built.^[14]^[15]
- Königsberger Volkszeitung (newspaper) in publication.^[16]
1903 – Siegfried Körte becomes mayor.
1906 – Bismarck tower built near city.
1907 – Church of the Holy Family built.
1912 – Stadthalle opens.
1913
- New Tragheim Church dedicated.
- Kunsthalle Königsberg (art gallery) opens.
1914 – City bombed by Russian forces.^[17]
1919
- Hans Lohmeyer becomes mayor.
- City becomes part of the German Reich.
- Population: 260,895.^[18]
1921 – Königsberg Devau Airport opens.
1927 – City Hall relocated to Hansaplatz.
1928 – Königsberg City Museum opens.
1929 – Central railway terminal opens.
1933 – Hellmuth Will becomes mayor.
1934 – Hansaplatz renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz.
1939
- Lasch Bunker built in Paradeplatz.
- Population: 368,433.^[17]
1941 – 1 September: Aerial bombing by Soviet forces begins.
1944 – August: Aerial bombing by British forces; city extensively damaged.
1945
- January: Battle of Königsberg begins.
- February: Metgethen massacre.
- 9 April: Battle of Königsberg ends; Soviets in power.^[17]

1946-1990s

1946
- April: City becomes part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, per Potsdam Agreement.^[19]
- City renamed Kaliningrad after Bolshevik Mikhail Kalinin.
- City becomes seat of the newly formed Kaliningrad Oblast.
- Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts founded.
- Kaliningradskaya Pravda newspaper begins publication.^[11]
1947 – Kaliningrad Regional Drama Theatre established.
1954 – Pishchevik Kaliningrad football club formed.
1956 – Population: 188,000.
1960 – Theatre on Mira Avenue rebuilt.
1965 - Population: 253,000.^[20]
1967 – Kaliningrad State University active.
1979
- Khrabrovo Airport terminal built.
- Kaliningrad Amber Museum opens.
1985 - Population: 385,000.^[21]
1988 – Kaliningrad State Art Gallery established.^[22]
1989 – Population: 401,280; oblast 871,283.
1990
- Chamber of Commerce founded.^[23]^[24]
- City opens to foreign tourists.^[25]
1994 – Kaliningrad State Technical University active.
1996 – Leonid Gorbenko becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.^[26]
1998 – The Voice from the Pregel Polish-language magazine in publication.

21st century

2001 – Vladimir Yegorov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
2005
- July: 750th anniversary of city founding.^[27]
- Kaiser Bridge reconstructed (approximate date).
- Georgy Boos becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
2007
- Alexander Jaroschuk becomes mayor.^[28]
- Khrabrovo Airport new terminal opens.^[29]
2008 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour consecrated.
2010
- 30 January: Protest against governor Georgy Boos.^[30]
- Population: 431,500;^[31] oblast 941,873.
- Nikolay Tsukanov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
2012 – Poland-Russia border near city opens.^[32]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Königsberg", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
1 2 3 4 5 David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Königsberg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
1 2 Richard Armstedt (1899). Geschichte der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in Preussen [History of the Royal Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Stuttgart: Hobbing & Büchle.
↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
1 2 3 4 5 George Henry Townsend (1867), "Königsberg (Prussia)", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
1 2 3 Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Konigsberg", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
1 2 Julius Petzholdt (1853), Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
↑ Richard Armstedt (1895). Heimatkunde von Königsberg (in German). Königsberg: Koch.
↑ J. Niederstetter, ed. (1867). Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen (in German). Berlin: Heymann.
↑ Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Königsberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
1 2 "Kaliningrad Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
↑ "Königsberg", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
↑ Eugene van Cleef (1945). "East Baltic Ports and Boundaries: With Special Reference to Königsberg". Geographical Review. 35. JSTOR 211478.
↑ United States Hydrographic Office (1917). Baltic Pilot. 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
↑ "Zeitungsinformationssystem ZEFYS" [Newspaper Information System] (in German). Berlin State Library. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
1 2 3 Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 529, OL 5812502M
↑ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via Hathi Trust.
↑ Russell H. Fifield (1948). "International Affairs: The Postwar World Map: New States and Boundary Changes". American Political Science Review. 42. JSTOR 1949917.
↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
↑ "Russianmuseums.info". Russian Cultural Heritage Network. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
↑ История Палаты [History of the Chamber] (in Russian). Калининградская торгово-промышленная палата (Kaliningrad Chamber of Commerce). Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ G.J. Ashworth; J.E. Tunbridge (1999). "Old cities, new pasts: Heritage planning in selected cities of Central Europe". GeoJournal. 49. JSTOR 41147404.
↑ Patrick E. Tyler (5 April 2000). "In a Russian Region Apart, Corruption Is King". New York Times. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ "Kaliningrad marks key anniversary". BBC News. 3 July 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ "Mayors in Europe". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ "Kaliningrad profile". BBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ "Restlessness in Russia's Western Outpost". New York Times. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
↑ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
↑ "Crack in the EU: Poland and Kaliningrad Open Borders for Locals". Spiegel Online. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Königsberg", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt
Richard Brookes (1786), "Konigsburg", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Königsberg", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Augustus Bozzi Granville (1829). "(Königsberg)". St. Petersburgh: A journal of travels to and from that capital. H. Colburn.
"Königsberg", Leigh's New Descriptive Road Book of Germany, London: Leigh and Son, 1837
"Königsberg". Penny Cyclopaedia. London. 1839.
"Königsberg". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Königsberg", in Hugh G. Reid, A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Königsberg", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers
"Königsberg", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896

Published in the 20th century

"Kaliningrad", Scandinavian & Baltic Europe (4th ed.), Lonely Planet, 1999, p. 300+, OL 8314793M
James Charles Roy (1999). The Vanished Kingdom: Travels Through the History of Prussia. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-8133-3793-7.

Published in the 21st century

Olga Sezneva (2000). "Historical Representation and the Politics of Memory in Kaliningrad, Former Königsberg". Polish Sociological Review (131). JSTOR 41274763.
Peter Savodnik (2003). "Kaliningrad". Wilson Quarterly. 27. JSTOR 40261179.
Ann Kennard (2010). "Case Study 1: Kaliningrad". Old Cultures, New Institutions: Around the New Eastern Border of the European Union. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 133–161. ISBN 978-3-643-10751-0.

in other languages

Karl Faber (1840). Die Haupt- und Residenz-Stadt Königsberg in Preußen [Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Königsberg: Gräfe und Unzer.
Alexander Jung (1846). Königsberg und die Königsberger (in German). Leipzig: Hermann Kirchner.
F.W. Schubert (1855). Zur sechshundertjährigen Jubelfeier der Stadt Königsberg [600th Jubilee Celebration of the City of Königsberg] (in German). Königsberg: Verlag von Schubert und Seidel.
"Konigsberg". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
August Wilhelm Grube (1875). "Königsberg". Charakterbilder Deutschen Landes und Lebens fur Schule und Haus (in German) (10th ed.). Leipzig: F. Brandstetter.
"Königsberg". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1898.
P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Konigsberg". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, eds. (1979), "Konigsberg", Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), 2, ISBN 3891150008
Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Königsberg". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1153+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Königsberg.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kaliningrad.

Europeana. Items related to Kaliningrad, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Kaliningrad, various dates
Links to fulltext city directories for Konigsberg via Wikisource

Coordinates: 54°43′00″N 20°31′00″E / 54.716667°N 20.516667°E / 54.716667; 20.516667

Years in Russia
18th century	Pre-1701 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800
19th century	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

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