Srubna culture

A reconstructed hut of the Srubna culture.

The Srubna culture (Russian: Сру́бная культу́ра, Ukrainian: Зрубна́ культу́ра), English: Timber-grave culture, was a Late Bronze Age (18th–12th centuries BC) culture[1] in the eastern part of Pontic-Caspian steppe. It is a successor to the Late Catacomb culture and the Poltavka culture,[1] as well as the Potapovka culture.

It occupied the area along and above the north shore of the Black Sea from the Dnieper eastwards along the northern base of the Caucasus to the area abutting the north shore of the Caspian Sea, west of the Ural Mountains to come up against the domain of the approximately contemporaneous and somewhat related Andronovo culture.

The name comes from Russian cруб (srub), "timber framework", from the way graves were constructed. Animal parts were buried with the body.

The economy was mixed agriculture and livestock breeding. The historical Cimmerians have been suggested as descended from this culture.

A study on DNA variation among ancient Europeans found that, of the six samples extracted from Srubna culture sites for which a Y-DNA hapogroup could be tested, all belonged to haplogroup R1a, and four of them to subclade R1a-Z93, which is common among modern-day Indo-Iranians.[2]

The Srubna culture is succeeded by Scythians and Sarmatians in the 1st millennium BC, and by Khazars and Kipchaks in the first millennium AD.[1]

Srubna objects from the Hermitage Museum collections

Genetics

In a study published on 10 October 2015,[3] 14 individuals of the Srubna culture could be surveyed. Extractions from 100% of the males (six men from 5 different cemeteries) were determined to be of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1. Extractions of mtDNA from fourteen individuals were determined to represent five samples of haplogroup H, four samples of haplogroup U5, two samples of T1, one sample of T2, one sample of K1b, one of J2b and one of I1a. The list of 14 surveyed individuals:

References

  1. 1 2 3 J. P. Mallory, "Srubna Culture", Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.
  2. Iain Mathieson; et al. (2015). "Eight thousand years of natural selection in Europe". doi:10.1101/016477.
  3. Mathieson, Lazaridis et al. (2015). "Eight thousand years of natural selection in Europe". bioRxiv: Supplementary Information. Archaeological context for 83 newly reported ancient samples. Pages 12–14. doi:10.1101/016477.
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