Thomas A. Shannon Jr.

Tom Shannon
Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office February 12, 2016
President	Barack Obama Donald Trump
Preceded by	Wendy Sherman
In office July 28, 2011 – September 21, 2011 Acting
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	William Joseph Burns
Succeeded by	Wendy Sherman
United States Deputy Secretary of State Acting
In office February 1, 2017 – May 31, 2017
President	Donald Trump
Preceded by	Tony Blinken
Succeeded by	John Sullivan
United States Secretary of State Acting
In office January 20, 2017 – February 1, 2017
President	Donald Trump
Preceded by	John Kerry
Succeeded by	Rex Tillerson
Counselor of the United States Department of State
In office December 24, 2013 – February 12, 2016
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	Heather Higginbottom
Succeeded by	Kristie Kenney
United States Ambassador to Brazil
In office February 4, 2010 – September 6, 2013
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	Clifford Sobel
Succeeded by	Liliana Ayalde
Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs
In office October 17, 2005 – November 10, 2009
President	George W. Bush Barack Obama
Preceded by	Roger Noriega
Succeeded by	Arturo Valenzuela
Personal details
Born	Thomas Alfred Shannon Jr. 1958 (age 58–59)[1]
Education	College of William and Mary (BA) University of Oxford (MPhil, PhD)

Thomas Alfred "Tom" Shannon Jr. (born 1958) is an American diplomat and the current Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. In early 2017, Shannon served as acting United States Secretary of State until President Donald Trump's nominee, Rex Tillerson, was confirmed. He was also acting Deputy Secretary of State of the United States until the Senate confirmed President Trump's nominee, John J. Sullivan.

Since 1984, Shannon has worked in the United States Foreign Service, and he has served in embassies around the world. From 2005 to 2009, he was Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, and from 2010 to 2013 he was United States Ambassador to Brazil. From 2013 to 2016, he was Counselor of the United States Department of State, and was also acting Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs in 2011.

On February 2, 2016, the Senate confirmed Shannon as Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs.^[2]

Early life and education

Shannon graduated from the College of William & Mary with a B.A. with high honors in government and politics in 1980. He went on to the University of Oxford, where he completed a M.Phil. in 1982 and a D.Phil. in 1983, both in politics. He speaks both Spanish and Portuguese. ^[3][4]

Career

Early career

Micronesia President Peter M. Christian and Thomas A. Shannon Jr.

Shannon subsequently joined the United States Foreign Service as a Foreign Service Officer. He was the Consular/Political Rotational Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala City, Guatemala from 1984 to 1986; Country Officer for Cameroon, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe from 1987 to 1989; and the Special Assistant to the Ambassador at the US Embassy in Brasília, Brazil from 1989 to 1992.^[3]

He served as the Regional Labor Attaché at the US Consulate-General in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 1992 to 1996; as Political Counselor at the US Embassy in Caracas, Venezuela, from 1996 to 1999; and as the Director for Inter-American Affairs at the National Security Council (NSC) from 1999 to 2000.^[3]

Shannon was appointed as US Deputy Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) from 2000 to 2001, serving under Luis J. Lauredo. From 2001 to 2002, Shannon was the Director of Andean Affairs at the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State. He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Western Hemisphere Affairs from 2002 to 2003.^[3]

Shannon then served as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Western Hemisphere Affairs at the NSC from 2003 to 2005. In October 2005, he became Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs and served in that role until November 2009, when he was replaced by Arturo Valenzuela. He was appointed as United States Ambassador to Brazil in February 2010 and served there until September 2013. For a period from July 2011 to September 2011, he was concurrently the acting Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs at the Department of State.^[3] In 2012, the Senate granted Shannon the rank of Career Ambassador in the US Foreign Service.^[5]

State Department Counselor

In December 2013, Shannon was appointed as Counselor of the United States Department of State, only the second Foreign Service Officer ever appointed to that office. In early 2015, President Obama issued an executive order levying sanctions against seven Venezuelan officials; the order also called Venezuela a threat to the United States. President Nicolás Maduro accused the United States government of planning to invade Venezuela. In April 2015, the New York Times reported that Shannon was in Venezuela, and was supposedly going to meet with President Maduro. Shannon was supposedly there to deliver a message to Maduro from the United States government. The State Department later issued a statement saying that the Venezuelan government had invited the United States government to send a diplomat to Caracas to meet with Maduro before the Summit of the Americas meeting. The Venezuelan Foreign Ministry then issued a statement saying that Shannon had met with the Venezuelan Foreign Minister. The Foreign Ministry later confirmed that Shannon “brought a message from his government.” ^[6] He remained there until February 12, 2016, when he was appointed as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs for the last year of Barack Obama's presidency.^[3][7][8][9]

Acting Secretary of State

After Donald Trump was inaugurated 45th President of the United States on January 20, 2017, Shannon became acting United States Secretary of State. He remained in office for only 12 days, when on February 1, 2017 the Senate confirmed Rex Tillerson, President Trump's nominee, as Secretary of State.^[4][10]

While Shannon was acting Secretary of State, President Trump dismissed many prominent and senior State Department officials, resulting in the firing or forced resignations of over a dozen career diplomats,^[11] leaving a majority of senior career positions at the Department vacant.^[12] Most notably, Thomas Countryman, acting Undersecretary for Arms Control and International Security, was on his way to Rome for an international meeting on nuclear weapons when he discovered that he had been summarily removed from his position. Without leaving the airport, he turned around and got on the first flight back to Washington.^[13]

In late January, President Trump issued the "Temporary Immigration Ban," leading to among other things, an internal dissent memo protesting the action, which was signed by almost a thousand diplomats and other State Department employees. ^[14]

Undersecretary for Political Affairs

On February 2, 2016, the Senate confirmed Shannon as Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs.^[15]

In June 2016, Shannon complained about the Chinese government's claim of domination in the South China Sea, calling it "madness." On June 29, 2016, he met with India Foreign Secretary Jaishankar, and expressed support for the Indian government, calling it America's "anchor" in the Asia-Pacific region.^[16]

Personal Life

He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.^[17]

See also

• List of foreign ministers in 2017
• List of United States Ambassadors to Brazil

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas A. Shannon Jr..

• Appearances on C-SPAN