30th United States Congress

30th United States Congress
29th 
 31st

March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Senate President George M. Dallas (D)
Senate Pres. pro tem David R. Atchison (D)
House Speaker Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Members 60 Senators
230 Representatives
2 Non-voting members
Senate Majority Democratic
House Majority Whig
Sessions
1st: December 6, 1847 – August 14, 1848
2nd: December 4, 1848 – March 3, 1849

The Thirtieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1847, to March 4, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of President James K. Polk. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Whig majority. It was the only Congress in which Abraham Lincoln served.

Major events

Major legislation

Treaty

Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico by John Distrunell: the 1847 map used during negotiations of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

States admitted and territories established

Party summary

Senate

During this congress, two Senate seats was added for the new state of Wisconsin.

Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic

(ID)
Whig
(W)
Other
End of the previous congress 31 0 24 (Liberty)
1
56 2
Begin 33 1 20 0 54 2
End 38 21 600
Final voting share 63.3% 1.7% 35.0% 0.0%
Beginning of the next congress 33 0 25 0 58 2

House of Representatives

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+ – 100% Democratic
  80+ – 100% Whig
  60+ – 80% Democratic
  60+ – 80% Whig
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Whig

During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Wisconsin.

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates plurality caucus)
Total
American
(Know-nothing)
(A)
Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic
(ID)
Whig
(W)
Independent
(I)
Vacant
End of previous Congress 12 137 0 77 0 226 2
Begin 1 107 2 116 1 227 1
End 110 3 115 230 0
Final voting share 0.4% 47.8% 1.3% 50.0% 0.4%
Beginning of next Congress 1 113 0 107 0 230 1

Leadership

President of the Senate
George M. Dallas

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Alabama

Arkansas

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

Wisconsin

Senate President pro tempore
David R. Atchison

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

(5 Democrats, 2 Whigs)

Arkansas

(1 Democrat)

Connecticut

(4 Whigs)

Delaware

(1 Whig)

Florida

(1 Whig)

Georgia

(4 Democrats, 4 Whigs)

Illinois

(6 Democrats, 1 Whig)

Indiana

(6 Democrats, 4 Whigs)

Iowa

(2 Democrats)

Kentucky

(6 Whigs, 4 Democrats)

Louisiana

(3 Democrats, 1 Whig)

Maine

(6 Democrats, 1 Whig)

Maryland

(4 Whigs, 2 Democrats)

Massachusetts

(10 Whigs)

Michigan

(3 Democrats)

Mississippi

(3 Democrats, 1 Whig)

Missouri

(5 Democrats)

New Hampshire

(2 Democrats, 1 Whig, 1 Independent)

New Jersey

(4 Whigs, 1 Democrat)

New York

(23 Whigs, 10 Democrats)

North Carolina

(6 Whigs, 3 Democrats)

Ohio

(11 Whigs, 10 Democrats)

Pennsylvania

(15 Whigs, 7 Democrats)

Rhode Island

(1 Democrat, 1 Whig)

South Carolina

(7 Democrats)

Tennessee

(6 Democrats, 5 Whigs)

Texas

(2 Democrats)

Vermont

(3 Whigs, 1 Democrats)

Virginia

(9 Democrats, 6 Whigs)

Wisconsin

(2 Democrats)

Non-voting members

(1 Whig)

Speaker of the House
Robert C. Winthrop

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

State
(class)
Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation
Tennessee
(2)
Vacant Failure to elect.
Successor elected November 22, 1847.
John Bell (W) Elected November 22, 1847.
Iowa
(2)
Vacant Iowa had been admitted to the Union December 28, 1846, but the legislature failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.[1]
First Senator elected December 7, 1848.
George W. Jones (D) Elected December 7, 1848.
Iowa
(3)
Vacant Iowa had been admitted to the Union December 28, 1846, but the legislature failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.[1]
First Senator elected December 7, 1848.
Augustus C. Dodge (D) Elected December 7, 1848.
Texas
(2)
Vacant Legislature failed to elect due to a dispute over who was entitled to fill a vacancy.[2]
Elected December 19, 1847.
Samuel Houston (D) Seated January 24, 1848.
Mississippi
(1)
Jesse Speight (D) Incumbent died May 1, 1847.
Successor appointed August 10, 1847, and then elected January 1848.
Jefferson Davis (D) Appointed December 5, 1847.
Connecticut
(1)
Jabez W. Huntington (W) Incumbent died November 1, 1847.
Successor appointed November 11, 1847, and then elected May 1848.
Roger S. Baldwin (W) Appointed December 5, 1847.
Maine
(1)
John Fairfield (D) Incumbent died December 24, 1847.
Successor appointed January 5, 1848.
Wyman B. S. Moor (D) Appointed January 5, 1848.
Georgia
(3)
Walter T. Colquitt (D) Incumbent resigned February 4, 1848.
Successor appointed February 4, 1848, to finish the term.
Herschel V. Johnson (D) Appointed February 4, 1848.
Arkansas
(3)
Ambrose H. Sevier (D) Incumbent resigned March 15, 1848.
Successor appointed March 30, 1848, to finish the term.
Solon Borland (D) Appointed March 30, 1848.
Arkansas
(2)
Chester Ashley (D) Incumbent died April 29, 1848.
Successor appointed May 12, 1848, and elected sometime thereafter.
William K. Sebastian (D) Elected May 12, 1848.
Wisconsin
(1)
Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.
First Senator elected June 8, 1848.
Henry Dodge (D) Elected June 8, 1848.
Wisconsin
(3)
Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.
First Senator elected June 8, 1848.
Isaac P. Walker (D) Elected June 8, 1848.
Michigan
(1)
Lewis Cass (D) Incumbent resigned May 29, 1848, to run for U.S. President.
Successor appointed June 8, 1848.
Thomas Fitzgerald (D) Elected June 8, 1848.
Maine
(1)
Wyman B. S. Moor (D) Interim appointee retired when successor elected June 7, 1848. Hannibal Hamlin (D) Elected June 7, 1848.
Kentucky
(3)
John J. Crittenden (W) Incumbent resigned June 12, 1848, to run for Governor of Kentucky.
Successor appointed June 23, 1848, and elected sometime thereafter.
Thomas Metcalfe (W) Elected June 23, 1848.
Alabama
(3)
Arthur P. Bagby (D) Incumbent resigned June 16, 1848, to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
Successor elected July 1, 1848.
William R. King (D) Elected July 1, 1848.
Alabama
(2)
Dixon H. Lewis (D) Incumbent died October 25, 1848.
Successor elected November 25, 1848.
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) Elected November 25, 1848.
Delaware
(1)
John M. Clayton (W) Incumbent resigned February 23, 1849, to become U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected February 23, 1849.
John Wales (W) Elected February 23, 1849.

House of Representatives

District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date successor
seated
Illinois 5th Vacant Representative Stephen A. Douglas resigned at end of previous congress. William A. Richardson (D) Seated December 6, 1847
Virginia 2nd George Dromgoole (D) Incumbent died April 27, 1847. Richard K. Meade (D) Seated August 5, 1847
Michigan 2nd Edward Bradley (D) Incumbent died August 5, 1847. Charles E. Stuart (D) Seated December 6, 1847
Pennsylvania 6th John W. Hornbeck (W) Incumbent died January 16, 1848. Samuel A. Bridges (D) Seated March 6, 1848
Massachusetts 8th John Quincy Adams (W) Incumbent died February 23, 1848. Horace Mann (W) Seated April 3, 1848
New York 27th John M. Holley (W) Incumbent died March 8, 1848. Esbon Blackmar (W) Seated December 4, 1848
South Carolina 1st James A. Black (D) Incumbent died April 3, 1848. Daniel Wallace (D) Seated June 12, 1848
New York 6th David S. Jackson (D) James Monroe contested seat after which the House declared the seat vacant April 19, 1848. Horace Greeley (W) Seated December 4, 1848
Wisconsin 1st Wisconsin admitted into the Union May 29, 1848, and seat remained vacant until June 8, 1848. William P. Lynde (D) Seated June 8, 1848
Wisconsin 2nd Wisconsin admitted into the Union May 29, 1848, and seat remained vacant until June 8, 1848. Mason C. Darling (D) Seated June 8, 1848
Wisconsin Territory At-large John H. Tweedy (W) Incumbent was disqualified May 29, 1848, after the portion of territory he resided in achieved statehood. Henry H. Sibley Seated October 30, 1848
South Carolina 4th Alexander D. Sims (D) Incumbent died November 22, 1848. John McQueen (D) Seated February 12, 1849

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa. pp. 17–46, 72–79.
  2. Friend, Llerena (1954). Sam Houston, the Great Designer. University of Texas Press. p. 187. ISBN 0292789114.
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