University of North Dakota

University of North Dakota
Motto Lux et Lex (Latin)
Motto in English
 Light and Law
Type Public
Flagship
Space-grant
Established 1883
Parent institution
 North Dakota University System
Endowment $230.5 million[1]
President Mark Kennedy
Provost Thomas DiLorenzo
Academic staff
 823[2]
Administrative staff
 2,051[2]
Students 14,906[3]
Undergraduates 11,537[3]
Postgraduates 2,866[3]
Location Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
Campus Urban – 550 acres (2.2 km2), 240 buildings, 6,400,000 sq ft (590,000 m2)[2]
Colors Green, White[4][5]
         
Athletics NCAA Division I
Big Sky Conference (Ending 2020)
NCHC (Men's hockey)
WCHA (Women's hockey)
WAC
Summit League (Effective 2018)
Missouri Valley Football Conference (Effective 2020)
Nickname Fighting Hawks
Website www.und.edu

The University of North Dakota (also known as UND or North Dakota) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota, it is the state's oldest.

UND was founded with a strong liberal arts foundation, but has grown into a prominent scientific research university. It is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as having high research activity, and is considered one of the top academic and research institutions in the northern Midwest.[2] UND is ranked among the top 100 public universities in the country by U.S. News & World Report, and is widely regarded as the top university in the American Northern Plains region.[6]

The University offers a variety of professional and specialized programs, including the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. Its best known college is perhaps its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences, which is the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operations,[2][7] and is competitively ranked as one of the world's top schools of aviation and aerospace.

UND maintains nationally competitive programs in aerospace, health sciences, political science, nutrition, energy and environmental protection, and engineering research, among others.[2] Several national research institutions are located on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center.[2][8]

North Dakota's athletic teams compete in the NCAA's Division I. Most teams compete as members of the Big Sky Conference, with the exceptions of men's hockey (National Collegiate Hockey Conference), women's hockey (Western Collegiate Hockey Association), and swimming (Western Athletic Conference).[2] The men's ice hockey team has a long history as one of the top in the nation. They have won eight national championships, and play in the Ralph Engelstad Arena.

History

Original President's Mansion

Founding

UND was founded in 1883, six years before North Dakota became a state.[9] Grand Forks native George H. Walsh submitted the bill to the Territorial Legislature of Dakota Territory that called for the new state of North Dakota's university to be in Grand Forks.[9] The first classes were held on September 8, 1884. The first building at UND, Old Main, housed all classrooms, offices, dorm rooms, and a library.[10] In the 1880s, UND consisted of only a few acres of property, surrounded by farms and fields, nearly two miles west of the city of Grand Forks. Students living off campus had to take a train or a horse and carriage bus, dubbed the "Black Maria", from downtown to the campus.[10][11]

20th century

Early 20th century campus scenes

As the university grew, more buildings were constructed on campus and a trolley system was built to connect the growing university to downtown Grand Forks. However, there were several major interruptions in the life of the university. In 1918, UND was the country's hardest-hit single institution by the flu epidemic that killed 1,400 people in North Dakota alone.[12] Later that year, classes were suspended so the campus could become an army base for soldiers during World War I.[12] During the Great Depression, UND provided free housing to students willing to do manual labor on campus.[13] "Camp Depression," as it was called, consisted of railroad cabooses that housed eight male students each.[13] "Camp Depression" students did not get regular meals from the cafeteria and had to be satisfied with only free leftovers. However, Grand Forks citizens often opened their homes and kitchen tables to many of these young men.[13]

After World War II, enrollment quickly grew to more than 3,000.[14] A large amount of housing and several academic buildings had to be built on campus.[14] The 1950s saw the rise of the Fighting Sioux hockey tradition.[15] In the 1960s and 1970s, many student protests occurred at UND.[16] The largest occurred in May 1970 when over 1,500 students protested the Kent State shootings.[16] In 1975, enrollment swelled to a record 8,500. The 1970s also saw the establishment of the John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences at UND. During the 1980s and 1990s the University continued to grow.[17] However, the devastating 1997 Red River Flood inundated numerous buildings on campus and forced the cancellation of the remainder of the school year.[18]

21st century

The start of the 21st century was marked by the opening of two major venues for UND athletics.[19] The Ralph Engelstad Arena, home of men's and women's hockey, and the Alerus Center, home of UND football, both opened in 2001. The Betty Engelstad Sioux Center opened in August 2004, and serves as home to UND volleyball and men's and women's basketball.[20]

Millions of dollars worth of construction and renovation projects have dotted the campus landscape. As part of a plan to improve student facilities on campus, UND constructed a Wellness Center, a parking garage, and an apartment-style housing complex. Other construction projects around campus have included a new LEED Platinum-certified alumni center, a renovated and expanded College of Education and Human Development, and an expanded Energy and Environmental Research Center. As of 2014, a $124-million Medicine and Health Services building was under construction.[21] The new building was designed by JLG Architects in partnership with Perkins+Will and Steinberg Architects.[22]

In 2015, UND's economic impact on the state and region was estimated to be more than $1.4 billion a year according to the NDUS Systemwide Economic Study by the School of Economics at North Dakota State University.[23][24] It was the fourth largest employer in the state of North Dakota, after the Air Force.[25]

Campus

Map of the University of North Dakota

The University of North Dakota's main campus sits in the middle of Grand Forks on University Avenue. The campus is made up of 240 buildings (6.4 million square feet) on 550 acres (2.2 km2).[2] The campus stretches roughly one and half miles from east to west and is divided by the meandering English Coulee. The western edge is bordered by Interstate 29, the eastern edge is bordered with University Park, the Grand Forks railyards sit on the south side, and the north side is marked by U.S. Highway 2 which is called Gateway Drive in Grand Forks.

Central campus and eastern campus

Merrifield Hall

The central campus area is the oldest part of UND and contains many historic buildings.[26] This area is home to most academic buildings on campus. At the heart of campus sits the Chester Fritz Library, the largest library in North Dakota. The 82-foot (25 m) tower of the library is a familiar landmark on University Avenue.[26] Behind the library is the park-like setting of the central campus mall. The mall includes several statues and is a popular place for students to study. The mall is lined with historic buildings including Merrifield Hall, Twamley Hall, Babcock Hall, Montgomery Hall, and the old Carnegie Library.[26] Old Main Memorial Plaza and the eternal flame of the Old Main Memorial Sphere mark the location of Old Main, the first building on campus.[26] Other buildings in the central part of campus include the School of Law, the North Dakota Museum of Art, Memorial Union, Gamble Hall, the J. Lloyd Stone Alumni Center, the Burtness Theatre, and Chandler Hall—the oldest remaining building on the UND campus.[27] The English Coulee flows along the western edge of the central campus area and on the western bank of the Coulee sits the Chester Fritz Auditorium and the Hughes Fine Arts Center. The historic 1907 Adelphi Fountain is next to the Coulee as is the on-campus Spiritual Center.[26][28]

On the eastern edge of the central campus area sits Memorial Stadium, the old Ralph Engelstad Arena, and the Hyslop Auditorium. These structures are all old athletic venues which have been replaced with new structures elsewhere on campus. The eastern part of campus is also the home of the Energy and Environmental Research Center complex which includes the National Center for Hydrogen Technology. The Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, which is operated by the United States Department of Agriculture, is also in this part of campus.[8] A five-story parking garage sits at the corner of University Avenue and Columbia Road. At the extreme eastern portion of campus sits University Park which is operated by the Grand Forks Park District.

Northern campus and western campus

Ralph Engelstad Arena

To the north of the central campus area, along Columbia Road, sits the School of Medicine complex. The main School of Medicine building is the remodeled St. Michael's Hospital building which was built in 1951.[26] Other buildings in the medical school complex include the Biomedical Research Center and the Neuroscience Research Facility.[26] Further north sits an area that is called University Village. This land sat virtually empty for decades, but has recently been developed for UND, commercial, and residential purposes.[29] University Village is anchored by the $100 million Ralph Engelstad Arena, which is used by the men's and women's hockey teams. University Village is also home to the Betty Engelstad Sioux Center, the new Student Wellness Center, university apartments, the UND bookstore, a medical clinic, and several residential and commercial properties.

Clifford Hall

The western part of the UND campus is a newer area with modern styles of architecture.[26] This area is home to the John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences, which includes Odegard Hall, Clifford Hall, Ryan Hall, and Streibel Hall.[26] Directly adjacent to the Aerospace Complex sits the Skalicky Business Incubator, the Ina Mae Rude Entrepreneur Center, the “REAC 1,” which houses the University of North Dakota’s Center of Excellence in Life Sciences and Advanced Technologies (COELSAT), and a Hilton Garden Inn. The western part of campus is also the location of most residence halls and student apartments, including a new $20 million student housing project called University Place on University Avenue.[30]

Other facilities

UND operates a satellite campus consisting of several buildings at Grand Forks International Airport where aviation students train.[31] UND Aerospace also operates flight training centers in Crookston, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona.[32] UND owns and operates the Ray Richards 9-hole golf course south of the main UND campus.[33] The School of Medicine and Health Sciences operates several clinics throughout North Dakota.[34] The UND football team is a major tenant of the city of Grand Forks-owned Alerus Center.

Sustainability

The Council on Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, made up of representatives from various departments, is exploring ways to improve sustainability. The campus’s recycling system reduces UND’s overall waste stream by 20 percent. UND has conducted lighting retrofits and installed heat recovery systems and power management technology for peak and off-peak use adjustment. Students are involved in promoting sustainability via recycling and other initiatives. The University received a B- grade on the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card released by the Sustainable Endowments Institute.[35]

The Gorecki Alumni Center on campus is North Dakota's first LEED Platinum build. The building uses a combination of Geothermal and Solar Panels to power the building.[36]

Academics

Gamble Hall, UND College of Business and Public Administration

UND has ten academic divisions:[2]

UND offers a total of 224 fields of study, including 90 undergraduate majors, 73 undergraduate minors, 54 master's programs, 27 doctoral programs, two professional programs (medicine and law), and a specialist diploma program in educational leadership.[37] UND also has an interdisciplinary program that allows students to obtain a degree in virtually any course of study.[38] A collection of online classes and degree programs are offered for students around the nation and world.[39] This online program has been highly ranked by US News and other leading online college rankings.[40][41][42] "Based on factors such as graduation rates, indebtedness of new graduates and academic and career support services offered to students," US News ranked the online Bachelor's program 208th of 217 online colleges and universities.[43] On campus, academic classrooms range from smaller rooms capable of seating around twenty students to large lecture bowls capable of seating hundreds at a time. Many areas have wireless access for laptops and technologically equipped classrooms enable professors to offer interactive lectures. UND offers 1,000 computer workstations for student use and computer labs can be found in the libraries, Memorial Union, and in several academic areas.[2]

University rankings
National
Forbes[44] 382
U.S. News & World Report[45] 202
Washington Monthly[46] 246

Division of Continuing Education

The Division of Continuing Education offers many distance learning and online degree programs. It offers undergraduate level programs in Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Graduate level programs like MBA, Applied Economics, Educational Leadership, Forensic Psychology, Social Work, Public Administration and Nursing are offered, in addition to doctoral level programs in Educational Leadership, Teaching & Learning, and Nursing.

Libraries

Chester Fritz Library

UND has three major libraries which, together, form the largest system of research libraries in the state of North Dakota.[47] The Chester Fritz Library is the largest library in the state.[48] It houses 1.6 million volumes, provides access to approximately 28,000 electronic journal subscriptions, and owns over 20,000 electronic books.[49] It also serves as a U.S. patent and trademark depository and a government document depository.[47] UND's special collections department is known for its genealogical resources, including Norwegian Bygdeboker, or Norwegian farm and town records.[50] Branches of the Chester Fritz Library include the Energy and Environmental Research Library, the F.D. Holland Geology Library, and the Gordon Erickson Music Library.[47] The School of Law operates the Thormodsgard Law Library[51] and the School of Medicine operates the Harley E. French Library of the Health Sciences.[52]

Research

UND is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a doctoral/research-intensive institution.[2] This level of research activity is shown in UND's research statistics which, in fiscal year 2006, included program awards that reached $94.3 million, sponsored program expenditures that reached $81.2 million, and an overall research portfolio that included $315 million in total ongoing and committed accounts.[53] Research activity at UND focuses on health sciences, nutrition, energy and environmental protection, aerospace, and engineering.[2] As a major component of the Red River Valley Research Corridor, UND operates many research units including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine, the Center for Rural Health, the Center for Innovation, the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium, the Bureau of Governmental Affairs, the Bureau of Educational Services and Applied Research, and the Social Science Research Institute.[54] The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC), located on the eastern fringes of the UND campus, has been recognized as a leader in researching cleaner, more efficient forms of energy.[55] The EERC operates a number of research units at UND including the National Center for Hydrogen Technology.

Athletics

Alerus Center, home of UND football

UND competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The men's ice hockey team compete in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference and the women's hockey team compete as members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Women's hockey will be cut from the university starting in the 2017-2018 year. All other sports compete in the Big Sky Conference.

The men's ice hockey team has won eight national championships and has been runner-up five times. Both the men's and women's ice hockey teams play at the Ralph Engelstad Arena. The football team won the Division II national championship in 2001 and was the runner-up in 2003, and play at the Alerus Center. The basketball and volleyball teams play in the Betty Engelstad Sioux Center. The women's basketball team has won three national championships in 1997, 1998, and 1999 and was runner-up in 2001.

The colors of UND athletics are green and white, which were adopted in the 1920s. The university's official school colors are green and pink, representative of North Dakota's state flower, the Wild Prairie Rose; however, this combination is rarely employed outside of official or ceremonial applications.[5] UND's athletic teams bore the name of the Fighting Sioux, but were without a nickname and mascot from 2012–2015, in compliance with the NCAA's policy against the use of Native American nicknames.[56][57] On November 18, 2015, it was announced the new nickname would be "Fighting Hawks", effective immediately.[58][59]

A notable UND athletic alumnus is National Basketball Association (NBA) coach and former player Phil Jackson, widely considered one of the greatest coaches in NBA history.[60][61] In addition, many UND alumni have played in the National Hockey League (NHL), including: Minnesota Wild wing Zach Parise, New Jersey Devils center Travis Zajac, Los Angeles Kings defensemen Matt Greene and Mike Commodore, Chicago Blackhawks forward and captain Jonathan Toews, former NHL goalie Ed Belfour, and Washington Capitals forward T. J. Oshie.

Fight song

The school's primary fight song is "Stand Up and Cheer". Two other fight songs are "UND" and It's for You, North Dakota U (or North Dakota U), composed by Franz Rickaby in 1921.[62][63]

Student life

Historic enrollments:[64][65][66]
1890 24
1900 124
1910 490
1920 1,124
1930 1,765
1940 1,757
1950 2,653
1960 4,491
1970 8,129
1980 10,217
1990 11,885
2000 11,031
2010 14,194
2012 15,250

Student body

Over 15,000 students attend classes on the UND campus each year.[65] About 40 percent of the student body is from North Dakota and the other half is made up of students from all 50 states and over 60 other nations.[67] The ratio between male and female students is about even.[67] Demographically, about 80 percent of the student body is caucasian.[67] Students can live on or off campus. On campus, there are 13 residence halls[68] and 850 student apartment units,[69] as well as twelve fraternities[70] and six sororities.[71] There are over 275 student organizations at UND[72] as well as an intramural sports program called RecSports.[73]

The student body is represented by the three-branch Student Government. The executive branch consists of seven executives who each have different areas of focus. The legislative branch consists of 23 student senators who represent each academic and residential district. The judicial branch consists of seven justices that deal with judicial matters when necessary. In addition, three standing committees enhance university life for all students: University Programming Council (UPC), Student Organization Funding Agency (SOFA), and Student Communications Funding Committee (SCFC). In addition, five administrative assistants help with all areas of Student Government.[74]

Greek life

The fraternity and sorority community has a rich history at the University of North Dakota. Sanctioned chapters on campus include seven sororities (Alpha Chi Omega, Alpha Phi, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Kappa Alpha Theta, Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Delta) and thirteen fraternities (Alpha Tau Omega, Beta Theta Pi, Delta Tau Delta, Delta Upsilon, Kappa Sigma, Lambda Chi Alpha, Phi Delta Theta, Pi Kappa Alpha , Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Sigma Chi, Sigma Nu, Sigma Phi Epsilon).

Culture

The North Dakota Museum of Art, the official art museum of the state of North Dakota, is in the heart of campus and offers exhibits throughout the year.[75] The Burtness Theater and the Chester Fritz Auditorium regularly feature theater and concert events.[76][77] The Ralph Engelstad Arena also features non-athletic events including concerts. The nearby city-owned Alerus Center hosts several concerts each year as well as other events. Each year, UND hosts the University of North Dakota Writers Conference.[78] This is a week-long event that brings together prominent American and foreign writers. Participants have included Truman Capote, Tennessee Williams, Eudora Welty, Tom Wolfe, Allen Ginsberg, Louise Erdrich, Chuck Klosterman, and Gary Snyder.[79]

Media

Print

The Dakota Student is UND's student newspaper.

North Dakota Quarterly, a literary journal, is edited at UND.[80]

The North Dakota Law Review, published by the School of Law since 1924, serves as the journal of the State Bar Association of North Dakota.[81]

The Alumni Review is published by the UND Alumni Association and Foundation.[82]

Broadcasting

UND owns two public radio stations, which are operated by Prairie Public Radio: KUND and KFJM.[83] KUND-FM rebroadcasts the Prairie Public radio network, which also carries National Public Radio programming. KFJM broadcasts some Prairie Public and NPR programming, but also broadcasts some locally produced programs.[84]

UND operates two local cable television channels. One operates as an information billboard and also features a weekly student-produced news program entitled Studio One.[85][86] The other is a movie channel for the campus residence halls, Residence Life Cinema, on cable channel 17. The University separately licenses movies for showing on this channel.[87] UND also formerly operated the UND Sports Network.

Notable people and alumni

Phil Jackson
Carl Ben Eielson

Alumni of the University of North Dakota have become notable in a variety of different fields including politics and government, business, science, literature, arts and entertainment, and athletics.[88] Eight Governors of North Dakota were educated at UND, including Fred G. Aandahl,[89] Louis B. Hanna,[90] Lynn Frazier,[91] William Langer,[92] John Moses,[93] Ragnvald A. Nestos,[94] Allen I. Olson,[95] and Ed Schafer, who was also the US Secretary of Agriculture from 2008–2009.[96] Former Deputy National Security Advisor at the White House, Mark Pfeifle is a 1997 graduate in the School of Communications.[97] Many U.S. Senators and Representatives of North Dakota were also graduates of UND, including former Senator Byron Dorgan[98] and former Representative Earl Pomeroy.[99] Former House Majority Leader Dick Armey is a UND graduate.[100] Ronald Davies, a UND graduate and former federal judge, became a part of history when he ordered the integration of Little Rock Central High School during the Civil Rights Movement.[101]

UND alumni who went on to notable careers in the business world include chairman of TNSE & president of the Winnipeg Jets hockey club Mark Chipman,[102] current president and former CEO of Cargill Gregory R. Page,[103] current president and CEO of the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant chain Sally J. Smith,[104] current CEO of Forum Communications William C. Marcil,[105] former Las Vegas casino owner and UND philanthropist Ralph Engelstad,[106] and former CEO of American Skandia and founder of WealthVest Marketing Wade Dokken.[107]

In the realm of science, notable UND alumni include important contributor to information theory Harry Nyquist,[108] pioneer aviator Carl Ben Eielson,[109] Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson,[110] engineer and NASA astronaut Karen L. Nyberg,[111] and leading NASA manager John H. Disher.

Alumni who have become notable through literature include the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and author Maxwell Anderson,[112] Rhodes scholar and poet Thomas McGrath,[113] essayist and journalist Chuck Klosterman,[114] and novelist Jon Hassler.[115] UND graduates have become editors of major magazines: Carroll Eugene Simcox of The Living Church, former Ebony editor Era Bell Thompson[116] and former LIFE editor Edward K. Thompson.[117] Alumni who have become notable in arts and entertainment include actor Sam Anderson[118] and America's Next Top Model winner Nicole Linkletter.[119]

Former UND students who have gone on to notable careers in athletics include former NBA player and coach and current president of the New York Knicks, Phil Jackson,[120] ice hockey player who played in the 1980 Winter Olympics "Miracle on Ice" game Dave Christian,[121] NHL professional ice hockey players Ed Belfour, Tony Hrkac, Jonathan Toews – captain of the Chicago Blackhawks, Zach Parise – Minnesota Wild, Travis Zajac – New Jersey Devils, T.J. Oshie and Taylor Chorney – Washington Capitals, Ryan Bayda – Pittsburgh Penguins, Drew Stafford – Boston bruins, Brian Lee – Ottawa Senators, Matt Smaby – Tampa Bay Lightning, Matt Jones and Matt Frattin – Toronto Maple Leafs, Mike Commodore – Columbus Blue Jackets, Jason Blake – Anaheim Ducks, Ryan Johnson – Vancouver Canucks, Chris VandeVelde - Philadelphia Flyers NFL professional football players Jim Kleinsasser and Dave Osborn both of the Minnesota Vikings, Chris Kuper of the Denver Broncos, and Weston Dressler of the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg blue bombers.

Notes

  1. ↑ As of June 30, 2015. "UND Foundation records second-highest fundraising year, hits $48.3 million in FY15". Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "About UND". Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 "UND Student Body Profile 2014-2015". Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  4. ↑ "Seal of the University | Code of Student Life | Student Affairs | UND: University of North Dakota". Und.edu. August 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  5. 1 2 "Color Identity: University of North Dakota". UND Office of University Relations. October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  6. ↑ "US News & World Report Top Public Schools". US News & World Report. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  7. ↑ "A first: UND offers degree program in UAV piloting". Homeland Security News Wire. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  8. 1 2 "GFHNRC". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  9. 1 2 "UND History: The Founding". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  10. 1 2 "UND History: Old Main". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 10, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  11. ↑ "UND History: 1890". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  12. 1 2 "UND History: 1910". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  13. 1 2 3 "UND History: 1930". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  14. 1 2 "UND History: 1940". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  15. ↑ "UND History: 1950". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  16. 1 2 "UND History: 1970". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  17. ↑ "UND History: 1980". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  18. ↑ "UND History: 1990". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  19. ↑ "UND History: 2000". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
  20. ↑ "Betty Engelstad Sioux Center". University of North Dakota. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Construction | School of Medicine & Health Sciences | UND: University of North Dakota". Med.und.edu. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  22. ↑ "UND breaks ground for new School of Medicine and Health Sciences building Thursday, June 12 | 06 | 2014 | News | UND: University of North Dakota". Und.edu. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  23. ↑ Coon, Randall; Bangsund, Dean; Hodur, Nancy (10/1/2014). North Dakota State University Agribusiness and Applied Economics Report 729: Economic Impact of the North Dakota University System in 2013 (PDF). Fargo, North Dakota: North Dakota University System. pp. 59–61. Retrieved 31 December 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ↑ "Economic Impact". University of North Dakota. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  25. ↑ "LARGEST EMPLOYERS IN NORTH DAKOTA". State of North Dakota Job Service. State of North Dakota. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Campus Landmarks". University of North Dakota. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  27. ↑ "Chandler Hall". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on March 25, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  28. ↑ "Hopper/Danley Spiritual Center". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  29. ↑ "UND to dedicate Barnes & Noble University Bookstore building Monday, October 2". UND News. September 28, 2000. Archived from the original on June 1, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
  30. ↑ "UND's New Apartment-Style Housing – University Place – Opening On Schedule August 16". University of North Dakota. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on June 24, 2010. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  31. ↑ "Aerospace Facilities". UND Aerospace. Archived from the original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  32. ↑ "Flight Training Centers". UND Aerospace. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  33. ↑ "Ray Richards Golf Course". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on June 18, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  34. ↑ "Family and Community Medicine". Department of Family & Community Medicine. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  35. ↑ "University of North Dakota–Grand Forks - Green Report Card 2011". Greenreportcard.org. 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  36. ↑ "Gorecki Alumni Center - University of North Dakota - Building Dashboard | Lucid Design Group". Building Dashboard. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  37. ↑ "Fields of Study". UND: Office of the Registrar. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  38. ↑ "IDS". UND: Interdisciplinary Studies Program. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  39. ↑ "Degrees Offered". UND: Division of Continuing Education. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  40. ↑ "UND one of 12 top nonprofits". Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  41. ↑ "U.S. News & World Report, others: UND Online programs move to the head of the class". Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  42. ↑ "2014 Most Affordable U.S. Online College Rankings". Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  43. ↑ http://www.usnews.com/education/online-education/bachelors/rankings?page=9
  44. ↑ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. July 5, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Best Colleges 2017: National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 12, 2016.
  46. ↑ "2016 Rankings - National Universities". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  47. 1 2 3 "Library Description". Chester Fritz Library. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  48. ↑ "Factbook: Chester Fritz Library". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  49. ↑ "Collections". Chester Fritz Library. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  50. ↑ "Family History and Genealogy Room". Chester Fritz Library. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  51. ↑ "Law Library". UND School of Law. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  52. ↑ "HEFL Home". UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  53. ↑ "UND Sets Record Levels In Sponsored Program Awards, Expenditures For Fiscal Year 2006". UND: Office of University Relations. September 13, 2006. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  54. ↑ "University Research". University of North Dakota. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  55. ↑ "Energy and Environmental Research Center". Red River Valley Research Corridor Coordinating Center of North Dakota. Archived from the original on March 9, 2007. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  56. ↑ Johnson, Peter (June 15, 2012). "Message to the campus community about resuming transition away from nickname and logo". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  57. ↑ "University of North Dakota officially drops 'Fighting Sioux' nickname". Fox News. Associated Press. June 14, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  58. ↑ "Fighting Hawks selected as new nickname for the University of North Dakota". University of North Dakota. November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Fighting Hawks selected as new nickname for the University of North Dakota". North Dakota Fighting Hawks. November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Top 10 Coaches in NBA History". NBA.com. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
  61. ↑ "Auerbach vs Jackson". Bleacherreport.com. 2009-06-12. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  62. ↑ "It's For You, North Dakota U". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
  63. ↑ Studwell, William E.; Schueneman, Bruce R. (2001). College Fight Songs II: A Supplementary Anthology. United States: Haworth Press. p. 29. ISBN 0-7890-0920-X.
  64. ↑ "125 years of fall enrollment". UND 125: Anniversary. Grand Forks Herald. February 24, 2008.
  65. 1 2 "News | The University of North Dakota". .und.edu. June 1, 2011. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
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