Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Type	Private
Established	1893
Endowment	US$ 1.9 billion[1]
Dean	Paul B. Rothman
Predecessor	Edward D. Miller
Academic staff	3,697[2]
Students	480 M.D. 1,400 total[2]
Location	Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Campus	Urban
Website	www.hopkinsmedicine.org/som/

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), located in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., is the academic medical teaching and research arm of Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins has consistently been among the nation's top medical schools in the number of research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health. Its main teaching hospital, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, was ranked the #1 hospital in the United States for 22 years by U.S. News & World Report.^[3]

Overview

The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is located in the East Baltimore campus of Johns Hopkins University together with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the School of Nursing. Known collectively as the "Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions" (JHMI) Campus,^[4] it spans several city blocks, radiating outwards from the Billings building of the Johns Hopkins Hospital with its historic dome (cupola). The founding physicians of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine included pathologist William Henry Welch (1850-1934), the first dean of the school and a mentor to generations of research scientists; internist Sir William Osler (1849-1919), regarded as the “Father of Modern Medicine,” having been perhaps the most influential physician of the late 19th and early 20th centuries as author of The Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892), written at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and published for more than a century; surgeon William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922), who revolutionized surgery by insisting on subtle skill and technique, as well as strict adherence to sanitary procedures; and gynecologist Howard Atwood Kelly (1858-1943), a superb gynecological surgeon often credited with establishing gynecology as a specialty and being among the first to use radium to treat cancer.

The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is affiliated with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, its major teaching hospital, as well as several other regional medical centers, including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in Baltimore, Howard County General Hospital, Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., and Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida.^[5] Together they form an academic health science center. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is the home of many medical advancements, including the first of many to admit women and to introduce rubber gloves, which provided a more sanitary way of conducting surgical procedures.^[6]

Reputation

For years, Johns Hopkins has been among the nation's top medical schools in the number of competitive research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health. According to U.S. News and World Report, Johns Hopkins has always ranked in the top 3 research-oriented medical schools.^[7] Its major teaching hospital, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, was ranked the top hospital in the United States every year from 1991 to 2011 by U.S. News & World Report.^[3]

According to the Flexner Report, Hopkins has served as the model for American medical education.^[8] It was the first medical school to require its students to have an undergraduate degree and was also the first graduate-level medical school to admit women on an equal basis as men. Mary Elizabeth Garrett, head of the Women's Medical School Fund, was a driving force behind both of these firsts. Sir William Osler became the first Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins and the first Physician-in-Chief at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Osler was responsible for establishing the residency system of postgraduate medical training, where young physicians were required to reside within the hospital to better care for their patients.

Colleges

Upon matriculation, medical students at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine are divided into four Colleges named after famous Hopkins faculty members who have had an impact in the history of medicine (Florence Sabin, Vivien Thomas, Daniel Nathans and Helen Taussig). The Colleges were established to "foster camaraderie, networking, advising, mentoring, professionalism, clinical skills, and scholarship."^[9] Students are assigned to faculty advisors within their colleges. Each advisor has a group of five students from each of the four years. They instruct these same five students in 'Clinical Skills', a core first-year course, and continue advising them throughout their 4 years of medical school. Every year, the Colleges compete in the “College Olympics.”

Governance

The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is led by Ronald J. Daniels, the president of Johns Hopkins University, Paul B. Rothman, CEO and dean of the medical faculty, and Ronald R. Peterson, president of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and health system. The CFO of Johns Hopkins Medicine is Richard A. Grossi, who is also the Senior Associate Dean for Finance and Administration and executive vice president of Johns Hopkins Medicine.

Vice deans preside over specific administrative task areas. The vice deans are: William A Baumgartner, Vice Dean for Clinical Affairs; Janice E. Clements, Vice Dean for Faculty Affairs; Landon King, Vice Dean for Research; Daniel E. Ford, Vice Dean for Clinical Investigation; David G. Nichols, Vice Dean for Education; and David Hellmann, Vice Dean for the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. The dean's office also includes over twenty administrators in the position of associate or assistant dean.^[10]

Nobel laureates

Sixteen Nobel laureates associated with the School of Medicine as alumni and faculty have won the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Chemistry.^[11]

• Carol Greider – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2009
• Oliver Smithies – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2007
• Richard Axel – MD 1971, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2004
• Peter Agre – MD 1974, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2003
• Paul Greengard – PhD 1953, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2000
• David Hubel – Assistant resident, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1981
• Torsten Wiesel – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1981
• Hamilton O. Smith – Faculty, MD 1956, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978
• Daniel Nathans - Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978
• Haldan Keffer Hartline – MD 1927, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1967
• Francis Peyton Rous – MD, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1966
• Joseph Erlanger – MD 1899, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1944
• Herbert Spencer Gasser – MD 1915, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1944
• George Richards Minot – Assistant in Medicine, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1934
• George Hoyt Whipple – MD 1905, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1934
• Thomas Hunt Morgan – PhD 1890, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1933

Notable faculty and alumni

John Jacob Abel, founder and chair of the first department of pharmacology in the U.S. at the University of Michigan, and later chair of the pharmacology department at Johns Hopkins

• John Jacob Abel – Pharmacologist, founder and chair of the first department of pharmacology in the U.S.
• Fuller Albright – endocrinologist, trained at Hopkins; McCune–Albright syndrome
• Dorothy Hansine Andersen - identified cystic fibrosis and Andersen's disease
• John Auer – physiologist and pharmacologist, namesake of the Auer rod in acute myeloid leukemia
• Stanhope Bayne-Jones – Bacteriologist and U.S. Army Brigadier General
• Jeremy M. Berg – former Director of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry; co-author of widely used Biochemistry textbook
• John Shaw Billings – Civil War surgeon, pioneering leader in hygiene
• Alfred Blalock – Developed field of cardiac surgery; Blalock–Taussig shunt
• Max Brödel – Acclaimed medical illustrator; illustrated for Harvey Cushing, William Halsted and Howard Kelly
• William R. Brody – Radiologist, President of the Salk Institute, former President of Johns Hopkins University
• Ernesto Bustamante – Biochemist & Molecular Biologist, former Chief of the National Institute of Health of Peru
• Ben Carson – retired pediatric neurosurgeon, awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom
• Denton Cooley – Renowned cardiovascular surgeon
• John Fielding Crigler – pediatrician; first described Crigler–Najjar syndrome
• Harvey Cushing – Father of modern neurosurgery; Cushing's syndrome; Cushing ulcer
• Walter Dandy – Neurosurgeon, namesake of the Dandy-Walker malformation
• Harry Dietz – pediatric geneticist; described Loeys–Dietz syndrome
• Catherine Clarke Fenselau – Biochemist and mass spectrometrist
• Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr. - described Li–Fraumeni syndrome; trained at Johns Hopkins
• Irwin Freedberg - former Director of Dermatology
• Ernest William Goodpasture – pathologist, described Goodpasture syndrome
• William Halsted – Father of modern surgery
• J. William Harbour M.D. – Ocular oncologist, cancer researcher and vice chairman at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in Miami
• Andy Harris – U.S. Congressman, 1st District of Maryland
• Tinsley R. Harrison – Cardiologist, editor of the first five editions of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
• Leroy Hood – Invented automated DNA and protein sequencing, Lasker award winner, entrepreneur
• Kay Redfield Jamison – Psychologist and Psychiatry professor, author of An Unquiet Mind
• Leo Kanner – Father of child psychiatry
• Howard Kelly – Pioneer in gynecology, credited with establishing gynecology as a specialty
• Harry Klinefelter – rheumatologist, endocrinologist, namesake of Klinefelter syndrome
• Albert L. Lehninger – former chairman of Biological Chemistry; author of Principles of Biochemistry text
• Michael Lesch – described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
• Bart Loeys – pediatric geneticist; described Loeys–Dietz syndrome
• Howard Markel – pediatrician, historian of medicine, medical journalist; Guggenheim Fellow, member of the National Academy of Medicine
• Donovan James McCune – described McCune–Albright syndrome
• Paul McHugh – former psychiatrist-in-chief at Johns Hopkins
• Victor A. McKusick – Developed field of medical genetics; namesake of McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
• John Menkes – identified Menkes disease
• Adolf Meyer – first psychiatrist-in-chief at Johns Hopkins
• Vernon Mountcastle – Neuroscientist, Lasker Award winner
• Victor Assad Najjar – pediatrician; first described Crigler–Najjar syndrome
• William Nyhan – pediatrician, described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
• William Osler – Father of modern medicine; Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome
• Wilder Penfield – Pioneer of epilepsy neurosurgery; developed the cortical homunculus
• Peter Pronovost – Anesthesiologist, MacArthur Fellow, Time 100 (2008)
• Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa – Acclaimed neurosurgeon; former faculty in neurosurgery
• Dorothy Reed – Pathologist, namesake of the Reed–Sternberg cell in Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Dale G. Renlund – Cardiologist, trained at Johns Hopkins
• David Sabatini – Howard Hughes Investigator and molecular biologist, discovered mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)
• Florence Sabin – Anatomist, namesake of Sabin College at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
• Mark Schlissel – President elect of the University of Michigan
• Pamela Sklar – Neuroscientist and psychiatrist
• Solomon H. Snyder – Neuroscientist, Lasker Award winner
• Gertrude Stein – novelist and playwright
• Helen Taussig – Founder of pediatric cardiology, developed Blalock–Taussig shunt; namesake of Taussig College at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
• Vivien Thomas – Helped develop the Blalock–Taussig shunt, namesake of Thomas College at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
• Thomas Turner – Microbiologist, former Dean of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (1957–68), Archivist
• Victor Velculescu – Cancer genomics pioneer, entrepreneur
• Bert Vogelstein – Pediatric oncologist; pioneer in cancer genetics, elucidated the role of p53 in cancer
• David B. Weishampel – Paleontologist, author of The Dinosauria
• William H. Welch – Pathologist, first Dean of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
• Bang Wong – Creative director of the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard University
• Hugh Hampton Young – Urologist, former head of Urology
• Elias Zerhouni – Radiologist, former Director of the NIH (2002–2008)
• Arthur Douglass Hirschfelder- apprentice of William Osler; JHU's first full-time cardiologist

In popular culture

• In the television drama Grey's Anatomy, two of the cardiothoracic surgeons Preston Burke and Erica Hahn graduated from Hopkins Med, coming first and second in their class respectively. Arizona Robbins, the head of Pediatric Surgery, is also a Hopkins Med graduate.
• In the television drama Private Practice, the character Charlotte King is a graduate of Hopkins Med and Amelia Shepherd trained at Hopkins for residency.
• In the Fox television program House, Dr. Gregory House is a world-famous diagnostician who attended Johns Hopkins University for his undergraduate degree. He was expelled from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine for cheating, and received his medical degree from the University of Michigan.^[12] Neurologist Dr. Eric Foreman also attended Hopkins.
• In The Simpsons, Julius Hibbert is a family physician who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (hence his initials J.H.).
• In the animated television series South Park, Butters Stotch is sent to Johns Hopkins Hospital for evaluation.^[13]
• Dr. Perry Cox, from the television series Scrubs, attended Johns Hopkins for medical school.
• The Little Couple on TLC features a Hopkins Med graduate - Jennifer Arnold, class of 2000 - now a neonatologist at Texas Children's Hospital
• In the movie Step Brothers, Dr. Robert Doback attends Johns Hopkins for his postgraduate degree. However, this is not good enough for Will Ferrell's character, who says that he "smoked pot with Johnny Hopkins".^[14]
• In the TV show Gilmore Girls Hopkins is mentioned as one of the medical schools the character Paris Geller wants to get accepted to, and eventually is.
• Dr. Hannibal Lecter, from The Silence of the Lambs and other books, completed his residency training at Hopkins.
• The character of Alex Cross, created by author James Patterson, is a graduate of Hopkins Med.
• In The West Wing, President Bartlet's middle daughter Ellie is a student at Hopkins Med.
• Johns Hopkins is mentioned many times in Tom Clancy's novels; Jack Ryan's wife, Cathy, is an ophthalmology professor there.
• In the movie Shutter Island, Dr. John Cawley, the head psychiatrist at the Ashecliff Hospital for the criminally insane, is said to have graduated at the top of his class at Johns Hopkins.
• The ABC documentary series Hopkins takes a look at the life of the medical staff and students of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System.^[15] This new series is a sequel to the 2000 ABC special Hopkins 24/7. Both Hopkins and Hopkins 24/7 were awarded the Peabody Award.^[16]
• The movie Something the Lord Made is the story of two men – an ambitious white surgeon, head of surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and a gifted black carpenter turned lab technician – who defied the racial strictures of the Jim Crow South and together pioneered the field of heart surgery.^[17]
• Melanie Barnett from the television series The Game often discusses how she gave up Johns Hopkins for professional football player boyfriend Derwin.
• In the movie Getting In, an applicant to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who is placed on the waitlist is suspected of murdering other wait-listed applicants to clear his way to admission.
• In M*A*S*H episode 8.17 'Heal Thyself' the visiting surgeon, Dr. Newsome (Edward Herrmann), shuts up Charles Winchester by disclosing that he is an alumnus of Johns Hopkins.

References

External links

• Johns Hopkins Medicine

Coordinates: 39°17′56″N 76°35′39″W / 39.29889°N 76.59417°W / 39.29889; -76.59417