The History of Rock and Roll

The History of Rock & Roll is a radio documentary on rock and roll music, originally syndicated in 1969. One of the lengthiest documentaries of any medium (48 hours in the 1969 version, 52 hours each for the 1978 and 1981 versions),^[1] The History of Rock & Roll is a definitive history of the Rock and Roll genre, stretching from the early 1950s to its day. The "rockumentary," as producers Bill Drake and Gene Chenault called it,^[2] features hundreds of interviews and comments from numerous rock artists and people involved with rock and roll.

Notable features introduced in the 1978 edition of this documentary include the "chart sweep," featuring a montage of #1 songs and notable hits from a given year or artist, a "time sweep" for each one-hour segment providing a montage of the major hits for each year or individual artist, and closing with a special climactic time sweep featuring a montage of every #1 hit from 1955 to the year of the latest version.

While the documentary focuses on Rock & Roll and its variants, some songs and artists from other genres are also represented as they also became major hits on stations that primarily played Rock & Roll.

A revised version of the series is currently syndicated to internet networks as a short-form segment hosted by Gary Theroux, writer of the 1978 and 1981 editions.

Editions

1969

The History of Rock & Roll first aired on the weekend of February 21–23, 1969 on 93 KHJ Los Angeles, hosted by Robert W. Morgan. It aired for 48 hours and was later syndicated.^[4] Later that year, with slight modifications to the script, another version was aired hosted by Humble Harve Miller. The program was then taken to national syndication in the fall of 1969 by parent company RKO General. KHJ repeated this in 12-hour blocks.^[5] This version was syndicated throughout the early 1970s, and was sent to stations on large 10 ¹⁄₂" reels of 1/4" tape, in full-track mono. Stations were required to return the tapes immediately after airing, though (surprisingly) several stations offered copies of the show as prizes. The original KHJ show also carried promos awarding copies of the show as prizes to a handful of listeners, on reel-to-reel tape AND a tape recorder to play it on.

Writer Pete Johnson said that "I included nearly every record I ever rem[em]ber hearing".^[4] The History of Rock and Roll billed itself as "modern music's first rockumentary" when it first aired on February 21, 1969.^[2] However, it had some competition for that title from the Pop Chronicles which began airing on February 9, 1969, on rival Los Angeles AM station KRLA.^[6][7] But since The History of Rock and Roll completed its first broadcast that weekend, it was the first of these rockumentaries to be broadcast in full.

1978

In 1975, Drake-Chenault began the process of updating the documentary. Finding that the 1969 script contained inaccuracies and omissions, programmer/DJ/music historian Gary Theroux researched, rewrote and rebuilt the program entirely from scratch. The new version dramatically expanded the story with fresh interviews, insightful narration, far more music and a host of innovations—all in a modular format which allowed stations more programming flexibility. Drake knew that the rising popularity of stereo FM rock stations made it necessary to redo the show in stereo. The revised show was also completely remixed and re-edited from scratch, using a homebuilt control room assembled together by engineer Mark Ford at the company headquarters in Canoga Park, California, using a library of thousands of LPs and 45 singles. Using a systematic approach covering each year with a focused half-hour as well as separate segments devoted to all the key artists or trends,^[9] the result was an enormously successful runaway ratings hit hosted by Bill Drake himself.^[10] Drake replaced previous host Humble Harve Miller.

Elvis Presley died while they were working on this documentary, so Drake-Chenault was able to quickly produce and distribute "Elvis: A Three Hour Special".^[9]

Among other things, Theroux had Drake-Chenault chief engineer Mark Ford assemble two kinds of annual montages: one of each chart-topping hit of a given year (in sequence) and the other of other key songs there was no time to play in full. Those #1 hit montages were reprised for the climactic final hour of the show—edited together back to back to create a fast-moving 45-minute medley of every chart-topping hit from 1955 to the present.^[9] The riveting nature of Theroux's much-bootlegged ending later inspired a whole series of medley hits by everyone from Elvis Presley and The Beatles to Stars on 45 and Jive Bunny & the Mixmasters. The 1978 edition of "The History of Rock & Roll" debuted as a marathon broadcast over more than 400 domestic stations^[10] and another 400 overseas and won Billboard magazine's "Top Special Program of the Year" award. That led Theroux to host his own version of "The History of Rock 'n' Roll" as a syndicated daily 2 ¹⁄₂-minute feature.^[11]

Following the success of the 1978 release, Drake-Chenault created a shorter, edited version, marketed as "The History of Rock & Roll: The Early Years." It only spotlit the years through 1971 and was targeted to oldies stations.

1981

The final Drake-Chenault version was released in the spring of 1981, named the Silver Anniversary Edition^[12] of the History of Rock & Roll, so-called as it was released 25 years after Elvis' Presley's first #1 hit. Not wishing to increase the size of the program, and with an attempt to place greater emphasis on the current musical trends, the controversial decision was made to severely cut back the sections devoted to the 1950s and early 1960s (prior to the advent of the Beatles). All of the pre-1978 content in the "Silver Anniversary Edition," therefore, was actually a recycled cut-down of Theroux, Ford and Drake's award-winning work. Only their two-hour profile of Elvis Presley remained relatively intact. The half-hour recaps of chart highlights from each year between 1956 and 1963 were condensed into a single half hour, while new Chart Sweeps for 1978, 1979 and 1980 were expanded to a full hour each. The final hour, the "time sweep", brought the number one song montage^[13] up to date through Eddie Rabbitt's "I Love a Rainy Night", the song that was number one at the time this version was prepared.

1997-

As of the present, Westwood One, successor-in-interest to the Drake-Chenault company, is believed to own the rights to the 1978 and 1981 editions, but have no current plans to produce a revised version of the series in the model of the Drake-Chenault incarnations. Such an undertaking would require 35-plus additional years of the rock era to be covered (including new interviews, updates and a new narrator brought in to supplant the existing pre-1981 material as Bill Drake died in 2009, and the climactic "Time Sweep" expanded to two hours in order to bring the montage up to speed to the now-present time), and would be in the area of a 150- to 200-hour series. Furthermore, rock has lost much of its dominance over the music industry since 1981 as hip hop and electronic music have increasingly influenced pop music.

However, the series does continue in a daily short-form "micro-series". In 1997, Gary Theroux revived “The History of Rock ‘n’ Roll” as a daily 2 ½ minute syndicated radio feature which he hosted, wrote and co-produced with Jeremy Goldsmith and Elliot Peper at Tabby Sound Studios in New York. (Later installments were produced with Peter Gould at The Intervale Group in Connecticut.) Nearly every fast-paced episode interweaves three key hits by a spotlit artist with comments by that star and whatever minimal narration is needed to complete each story. The Gary Theroux-hosted current version of “The History of Rock ‘n’ Roll” can still be heard worldwide over rewoundradio.com^[14] and supernovaradio.co as of 2014, the year the series was honored as the world’s “Best Online Radio Program” at the New York Festivals International Radio Programming Awards.^[15]

The Drake-Chenault and Gary Theroux Productions' "History of Rock 'n' Roll" programs are not to be confused with other productions with similar names, such as the ABC Rock Radio Network's "The Official History of Rock & Roll." Hosted by a team of disc jockeys including Tony Pigg, Meg Griffin, Jimmy Fink and Mike Harrison, it otherwise bore little resemblance to the Drake-Chenault version.

Country music edition

Based on the success of The History of Rock and Roll, Drake-Chenault created a country music version called The History of Country Music. Produced and syndicated to radio stations in 1982, this 52-hour radio documentary was hosted by Ralph Emery and had features similar to the Rock and Roll version. The final hour is a time sweep of all of the country No. 1 songs from 1944 to late 1981/early 1982 (approximately 650 individual songs) according to the Billboard country charts.^[16]

Name

Despite the program's popularity, the name "History of Rock & Roll" was not trademarked for more than 30 years—until the U.S. Patent and Trademark office finally granted the rights in 2014 to Gary Theroux Productions (producers of the current daily 2 1/2 minute feature version). As a result, various items came on the market that bear the name which had no connection to the radio program. These included various oldies compilations (such as a set of LP albums from Pickwick Records), books (such as a History of Rock and Roll college textbook, written by Tom Larson) and videos and DVDs (like a Time Life History of Rock and Roll DVD set). In addition, Rolling Stone magazine not only released a book with this phrase (The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll), but also had an early-1980s weekly radio series with some similarities to the classic 1978 special (Rolling Stone's Continuous History of Rock & Roll).

Contents

The award-winning 1978 version of the show opened with a quick reverse "Time Sweep", featuring clips from selected songs from the 1970s backwards to the 1950s. It covered the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and closed with a "A Top Ten of Rock & Roll" followed by the "Ending Time Sweep": The "time sweep" is a 53-minute collage of number one hits from the Rock & Roll era, through, ironically (as it is not a rock record), Debby Boone's "You Light Up My Life" (which just happened to be topping the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart at the time).

See also

• Cumulus Media (whose Westwood One division now owns documentary)
• Triton Media Group

References

External links

• History of Rock and Roll Demo
• "Audio opening, 1980". Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. 
• Los Angeles Radio People, D
• The History of Rock 'N' Roll with Gary Theroux