The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone

The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone
Type Private
Established 1995 (1995)
Undergraduates 300
Location 2555 Main Street, St. Helena, California 94574
Campus Suburban
Nickname The CIA at Greystone
Website Official website
Greystone Cellars

Emblem of the Culinary Institute
of America
Coordinates 38°30′52″N 122°29′2″W / 38.51444°N 122.48389°W / 38.51444; -122.48389Coordinates: 38°30′52″N 122°29′2″W / 38.51444°N 122.48389°W / 38.51444; -122.48389
Area 13 acres (5.3 ha)
Built 1888
Architect Percy & Hamilton
Architectural style Other, Romanesque Revival, Richardson Romanesque
NRHP Reference # 78000725[1]
Added to NRHP August 10, 1978

The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone is a branch campus of the private culinary college the Culinary Institute of America. The Greystone campus, located on State Route 29/128 in St. Helena, California, offers associate degrees and two certificate programs in culinary arts and baking and pastry arts. The CIA at Greystone and the Culinary Institute of America at Copia make up the school's California branch.

The campus' primary facility is a 117,000-square-foot (10,900 m2) stone building, known as Greystone Cellars and built for William Bowers Bourn II as a cooperative wine cellar in 1889. Hamden McIntyre designed the gravity flow winery along with other wineries of the decade.[2] The building changed ownership several times, and was notably owned by the Christian Brothers as a winery from 1945 to 1989. It was used as a winery until its sale to the school in 1993, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

History

Establishment of Greystone Cellars

Greystone Cellars in 1889
A large building and surrounding landscape
A large room filled with wine barrels
A large room filled with wine barrels
Greystone Cellars c. 1903

The Greystone campus is situated in and around the Greystone Cellars building, which William Bowers Bourn II conceived as a business concept. His father, William Bowers Bourn Sr., was wealthy from ownership of the gold mine the Empire Mine, as well as co-ownership of a shipping company. Bourn II was a businessman with business interests and residences around California, although he had spent his summers during his youth at White Sulphur Springs Resort in St. Helena, before his parents bought Madroño, an estate in the town.[3]

Around the 1880s, San Francisco wine dealers were purchasing wine from Napa Valley vintners at low prices (sometimes around 15 to 18 cents per gallon). The dealers had facilities to store and age wines that most Napa Valley vintners lacked, and thus were able to purchase wine from the vintners at low prices. Because of this, Bourn began a campaign to build the cooperative winery; he was in his early 30s at the time.[4]:96 He created a business partnership with another businessman, E. Everett Wise, who was of a similar age. Bourn then asked for support within the Napa County wine industry. Bourn met with Henry Pellet, president of the St. Helena Vinicultural Club, who endorsed the idea and encouraged his associates to do the same. Bourn and Wise ended up gathering enough support from the local wine industry, and they hired George Percy and Frederick F. Hamilton of the San Francisco architectural firm Percy & Hamilton to design the Greystone Cellars,[5] along with Italian stonemasons to build the façades, and the Ernest L. Ransome firm to handle concrete work.[4]:98 The plans involved the use of new materials and technology of the time, including the relatively new Portland cement. The cement was used as mortar and also poured over the iron reinforcing rods built within the first and second floor elevations. The heavy timber construction of the third floor provided structural support for not only that floor's cask, barrel and bottle aging space but also for the gravity-flow crushing area located on the floor above.[3] The architects planned for the cellars to hold two million gallons of wine at a time, with thirteen tunnels in the hillside behind the building to hold another million gallons.[4]:97 Those tunnels collapsed due to effects of water seepage and of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.[5]

A large number of men were hired for the building's construction, and local workers were chosen over non-locals. During the construction, many of the workers lived in tents beside their worksite, and cooked meals and stayed there when not working.[4]:98 The cornerstone was laid on June 15, 1888;[nb 1] beneath it was laid several bottles of wine, a copy of a St. Helena Star and San Francisco newspapers, and foreign and rare coins. The building, called the Bourn & Wise Wine Cellar, was completed around June 1889, along with a distillery north of the building and a superintendent's house to the south.[6]:827 In September of that year Everett Wise became too ill to work and sold his share in the winery to Bourn, who between that time and 1890 named the winery Greystone Cellars.[4]:103, 115

The building cost $250,000 ($6.66 million in 2016[7]). At its completion, architect George Percy described Greystone Cellars as the largest wine cellar in California, if not the world.[6]:825 Greystone was also the first California winery to be operated and illuminated by electricity, produced by a boiler and gas generator located in a mechanical room below the building's central front wing.[3][6]:826 In the spring of 1894, a long-lasting phylloxera scourge made Bourn decide the winery was no longer profitable.[4]:115–6

The former Carpy residence

Subsequent uses

Greystone from its farms at the Charles Krug Winery

He sold the building at a low price that year, to Charles Carpy, who deeded the property to the California Wine Association. The association continued using the Greystone Cellars wine label. A year later, the Bisceglia brothers of San Jose purchased Greystone where they produced sacramental wine under the same label until 1930,[5] and again beginning in October 1933.[3] The Carpy family maintained part of the land, including a Victorian house nicknamed Albert's Villa south of the winery. The house burned down around 1929 and was replaced with a Spanish-style house that is now owned by the school.[8]

In 1940, the Brothers of the Christian Schools (the Christian Brothers) leased the property, purchasing it in 1945, and using it for sparkling wine production from 1950 to 1989. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The Christian Brothers sold the property in 1989 because of declining market shares and vineyard yields, and the costs of seismically retrofitting Greystone.[3] The Heublein Company of Canada purchased the property and marketing rights to the Christian Brothers' brands in 1990, shortly after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred. The earthquake damaged the Greystone Cellars building, rendering the northern portion of the building unusable.

Culinary Institute campus

In 1993, Heublein sold the property at about 10 percent of its $14 million ($23.2 million in 2016[7]) valuation, $1.68 million ($2.79 million in 2016[7]), to the Culinary Institute of America, which used $15 million ($24.9 million in 2016[7]) to renovate the building and give it a seismic retrofit. After completing the work in August 1995, the school established the property as a branch campus. After initially offering certificate courses, in autumn 2006, the campus began offering associate degrees.[9] In 2015, the college put in motion plans to purchase a portion of Copia, a museum in downtown Napa that operated from 2001 to 2008. The college intends to open a campus, the Culinary Institute of America at Copia, which will house the CIA's new Food Business School.[10] The school, which was outgrowing the Greystone campus, purchased the northern portion of the property for $12.5 million (it was recently assessed for $21.3 million).[11]

Architecture

Interior of a large building with a staircase and elevator
Central stairwell and hallways in Greystone

The Greystone Cellars building stands on a terraced hillside site on the west side of 29/128, about a mile north of St. Helena's central business district.[6]:825 It has 117,000 square feet (10,900 m2), three stories, and a basement,[4]:97 and is around 400 feet (120 m) long, 76 feet (23 m) wide, and 66 feet (20 m) tall,[4]:97 with 22-inch (56 cm) thick walls.[3] As a wine cellar, it held 3.5 million gallons.[12] The building was designed in the Richardson Romanesque style, with an arched entranceway and tower, stone mullions and transoms, a low sweeping roof, well-fitted stonework, and a large and simple stone façade.[5] The building's exterior is made of local light gray volcanic stone put together with Portland cement; the trimmings are of a red stone.[6]:826 Bourne had insisted that gray stones were used in the east façade of the building (its main façade), with darker or other colored stones usable for the other sides of the building.[4]:100 The roof originally used black slate roof tiles.[6]:826

The building has a front projection measuring 50 by 20 feet (15 m × 6.1 m), which held the main entranceway and an office and sample room.[6]:825 The former office has walls and ceilings of quartered oak, and includes a stone fireplace and vault door. The former sample room has paneled mahogany walls and ceilings, a parquet floor, open bottle racks on walls, and two lockers of mahogany. The windows are polished plate glass with stained glass transoms.[6]:826 The tasting and sales rooms are still preserved in their original form.[5] The projection also includes a 20-by-20-foot (6.1 m × 6.1 m) stone tower that extends one story above the roof and was built to hold a large water tank. A driveway wraps around the front and back of the building, where it is nearly level with the third floor.[6]:826

The interior has two distinct wings with a large hallway between them, originally with an iron staircase and a hydraulic ram elevator both leading to the third floor. Each side of the hallway on each floor had three doors 8 feet (2.4 m) wide. 4-inch (100 mm) iron pipes were placed through the walls and floors every thirty feet in order to pipe wine from one part of the building to another, and into and out of the building.[6]:826

Property changes since the original construction include the front terrace, entranceway and landscaping. The former front lawn and flower beds were paved over, and a new driveway was cut into the stone wall north of the original large stone arch over the first driveway.[5]

Programs

The campus' programs include associate degrees in culinary arts and in baking and pastry arts, a 30-week culinary arts certificate program, a 30-week wine and beverage certificate program, and several culinary arts programs for students who have met basic requirements. Of the campus' 300 students, approximately 60 percent are in the culinary arts degree program, 23 percent in the baking and pastry arts degree program, and 17 percent in a certificate program.[13]

School facilities

The primary school building is the Greystone Cellars building, which houses teaching kitchens, the Wine Spectator Greystone Restaurant, the Bakery Café by illy, the Spice Islands Marketplace (the campus store), the De Baun and Ecolab Theatres (auditoriums and cooking demonstration facilities, also used as lecture halls), and administrative offices. Adjacent to the teaching kitchens is the Margie Schubert Library.[14]

Teaching kitchens

Rows of cooking suites within a commercial-style kitchen
The third-floor culinary arts teaching kitchen

The 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) teaching kitchens at Greystone are on the third floor of the primary building.[13] The space was designed without interior walls in order to facilitate ease of movement and open exchange of ideas. The kitchens vary from common stainless steel commercial kitchens by using materials including granite, stone, tile, and wood. The kitchens use Bonnet stoves[15] and have a variety of cooking appliances, including rotisseries, appliances for induction cooking, a stone hearth oven, convection ovens, combi steamers, French tops, and numerous large mixers. The baking and pastry kitchen has 16-foot (4.9 m) flecked granite and solid oak tables for pastry and dough preparation.[14]

On the first floor, the 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) Viking Teaching Kitchen is designed for 36 to 40 students at a time. Its appliances and equipment were donated by Viking Range Corporation's founders and installed as part of a comprehensive redesign of the building's first floor in 2010. The redesign also involved the completion of a chocolate-making facility and the campus store and Flavor Bar.[14]

Restaurants

The restaurant's dining room
The Wine Spectator Greystone Restaurant

The Gatehouse Restaurant, staffed by the school's degree program students, is a casual restaurant serving contemporary food with local ingredients. The Bakery Café by illy is run by Baking and Pastry Arts Certificate students. The café has sandwiches, salads, soups, and fresh pastries and breads, and also serves coffee, espressos, and teas.

Two former restaurants operated at the campus: the Conservatory Restaurant was led by students of the Farm-to-Table concentration in the CIA's bachelor's degree programs. The Wine Spectator Greystone Restaurant (WSGR) was run by students in the associate degree program in culinary arts. The restaurant focused on using local and seasonal ingredients, and the dining room had open cooking stations to give diners a full view of the working kitchen.[16] The WSGR initially served food of the Mediterranean cuisines,[15][17] and was at first professionally run. Later on, it became fully student-run, however changes in late 2015 led to lunch service staffed by students and dinner service staffed by employees.[18] The restaurants closed around 2016 with the campus' reorganization after purchasing Copia.

Residence halls

Residence halls
A beige one-story building
A yellow two-story building
A beige three-story building
Vineyard Lodge I (top)
Vineyard Lodge II (middle)
Guest House (bottom)

The campus offers housing for 130 students, and has three residence halls: the 18-room Guest House, the 41-room Vineyard Lodge I, and the 30-room Vineyard Lodge II. The residence halls have single, double, and triple-occupancy rooms. The Guest House is located on-campus and the Vineyard Lodges are about three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) from the campus, with shuttle service to and from the buildings.[19]

The campus' newest residence hall, Vineyard Lodge II, was built around 2009 as the campus expected to double its enrollment. The building has two-stories, 31 dorm rooms, a kitchen, an activity room, an outside deck and two manager's rooms. The school planned for an environmentally-oriented dormitory, with solar panels to cover some of the building's electrical needs, as well as a membrane system for waste water. The building also has board and batten siding, which lasts longer than wooden siding. The building, on Pratt Avenue in St. Helena, is the first building in the city to be metal-framed rather than wood-framed, to better prevent termites, mold, and fire. The school estimated costs of $4 million for a Napa-based construction company to construct the building. The company demolished a 1,750-square-foot (163 m2) laundry and facilities building in what was described as a green-oriented process. At the time of construction, the school annually enrolled 104 students; the new residence hall would allow the campus to enroll another 100 students.[20]

Other facilities

A two-story stone building and parking spaces
The Williams Center for Flavor Discovery

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The National Register of Historic Places nomination form lists that the cornerstone was laid on June 18, 1886.[5]

References

  1. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ "Trefethen rebounds after the earthquake". Napa Valley Register. Napa, CA: Lee Enterprises, Inc. April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yerger, Rebecca (September 5, 2009). "Greystone Cellars". Napa Valley Register. Napa, California: Lee Enterprises, Inc. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Egan, Ferol (1998). Last Bonanza Kings: The Bourns of San Francisco. University of Nevada Press. ISBN 978-0-87417-786-2. OCLC 38281323. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kernberger, David; Kernberger, Kathleen (June 7, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination form - Greystone Cellars" (PDF). National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved August 4, 2015. See also: "Accompanying photographs" (PDF).
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A Memorial and Biographical History of Northern California. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company. 1891. OCLC 1555446. OL 14022424M. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  8. ↑ Carpy, Charles Albert (1994). Viticulture and Enology at Freemark Abbey. Regional Oral History Office, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Our Story - A History of Excellence, Professional Advancement, and Innovation". The Culinary Institute of America. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  10. ↑ Huffman, Jennifer (July 2, 2015). "Culinary Institute offers new life to vacant Copia building". Napa Valley Register. Napa, California: Lee Enterprises, Inc. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  11. ↑ Huffman, Jennifer (October 30, 2015). "CIA buys long-vacant Copia for food offerings". Napa Valley Register. Napa, California: Lee Enterprises, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  12. ↑ Husmann, George (1899). "The Present Condition of Grape Cultures in California". Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. Government Printing Office: 554. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  13. 1 2 The CIA At-A-Glance. The Culinary Institute of America. 2013.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "California Campus". The Culinary Institute of America. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  15. 1 2 Courtney, Kevin (February 16, 1995). "Cooking up a Masterpiece". Napa Valley Register.
  16. ↑ "The CIA in St. Helena, CA". The Culinary Institute of America. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
  17. ↑ Napa & Sonoma. New York, New York: Fodor's Travel Publications. 2013. ISBN 978-0-7704-3279-9. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  18. ↑ Duarte, Jesse (September 29, 2015). "New Wine Spectator Greystone Restaurant Opens". St. Helena Star. Napa, California: Lee Enterprises, Inc. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  19. ↑ "Residence Halls". The Culinary Institute of America. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  20. ↑ Lindblom, John (March 12, 2009). "A new dorm for the CIA". Napa Valley Register. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  21. ↑ Heimoff, Steve (July 18, 2007). "Q & A with Karen MacNeil". Wine Enthusiast. Wine Enthusiast Magazine. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Wine Expert and Author Karen MacNeil Launches New Brand Identity and Innovative Website". WineBusiness.com. Wine Communications Group. March 29, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Rudd Center for Professional Wine Studies". Mise en Place (67): 19. October 2014.
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