Cato Institute

Cato Institute
Established 1974 (1974)[1]
Founder Ed Crane, Charles Koch, Murray Rothbard
Type non-profit think tank
501(c)(3)
Registration no. 237432162
Focus Public advocacy, media exposure and societal influence
Location
Coordinates 38°54′12″N 77°01′35″W / 38.90333°N 77.02639°W / 38.90333; -77.02639Coordinates: 38°54′12″N 77°01′35″W / 38.90333°N 77.02639°W / 38.90333; -77.02639
President and CEO
 Peter N. Goettler[2]
Chairman
 Robert A. Levy[2]
Executive Vice-President
 David Boaz[3]
Budget (FYE March 2015)
Revenue: $37.3 million
Expenses: $29.4 million[4]
Endowment $72,934,328 (2015)
Staff
100 staff
46 faculty
70 adjunct faculty
Slogan "Individual Liberty, Free Markets, and Peace"
Mission To originate, disseminate, and increase understanding of public policies based on the principles of individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and peace.[5]
Website www.cato.org
Formerly called
 Charles Koch Foundation; Cato Foundation

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch,[6] chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries.[nb 1] In July 1976, the name was changed to the Cato Institute.[6][7] Cato was established to have a focus on public advocacy, media exposure and societal influence.[8] According to the 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), Cato is number 16 in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 8 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".[9] Cato also topped the 2014 list of the budget-adjusted ranking of international development think tanks.[10]

Cato Institute building in Washington, D.C.

History

The institute was founded in December 1974 in Wichita, Kansas as the Charles Koch Foundation and initially funded by Charles Koch.[nb 2][11] The other members of the first board of directors included co-founder Murray Rothbard, libertarian scholar Earl Ravenal, and businessmen Sam H. Husbands Jr. and David H. Padden.[6][12] At the suggestion of Rothbard,[12] the institute changed its name in 1976 to Cato Institute after Cato's Letters, a series of British essays penned in the early 18th century by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon.[13][14]

Cato relocated first to San Francisco, California in 1977, then to Washington, D.C. in 1981, settling initially in a historic house on Capitol Hill.[15](p446) The Institute moved to its current location on Massachusetts Avenue in 1993. Cato Institute was named the fifth-ranked think tank in the world for 2009 in a study of think tanks by James G. McGann, PhD of the University of Pennsylvania, based on a criterion of excellence in "producing rigorous and relevant research, publications and programs in one or more substantive areas of research".[16]

Activities

Various Cato programs were favorably ranked in a survey published by the University of Pennsylvania in 2012.[9]

Publications

The Cato Institute publishes numerous policy studies, briefing papers, periodicals, and books. Peer-reviewed academic journals include the Cato Journal[17][18][19] and Regulation.[20][21][22] Other periodicals include Cato's Letter,[23] Cato Supreme Court Review,[24] and Cato Policy Report.[25] Cato published Inquiry Magazine from 1977 to 1982 (before transferring it to the Libertarian Review Foundation)[26] and Literature of Liberty from 1978 to 1979 (before transferring it to the Institute for Humane Studies).[27]

Notable books from Cato and Cato scholars include:

Web projects

In addition to maintaining its own website in English and Spanish,[28] Cato maintains websites focused on particular topics:

Social media sponsored by Cato includes "Daily Podcasts" (through iTunes and RSS feeds), plus pages on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and YouTube.[32]

Conferences

Speakers at Cato have included Federal Reserve Chairmen Alan Greenspan and Ben Bernanke, and International Monetary Fund Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato.[33][34][35] In 2009 Czech Republic President Václav Klaus spoke at a conference.[36]

Ideological relationships

Libertarianism, classical liberalism, and conservatism

Many Cato scholars advocate support for civil liberties, liberal immigration policies,[37] drug liberalization,[38] and the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell and laws restricting consensual sexual activity.[39][40] The Cato Institute officially resists being labeled as part of the conservative movement because "'conservative' smacks of an unwillingness to change, of a desire to preserve the status quo".[41]

In 2006, Markos Moulitsas of the Daily Kos proposed the term "Libertarian Democrat" to describe his particular liberal position, suggesting that libertarians should be allies of the Democratic Party. Replying, Cato vice president for research Brink Lindsey agreed that libertarians and liberals should view each other as natural ideological allies,[42] and noted continuing differences between mainstream liberal views on economic policy and Cato's "Jeffersonian philosophy". Cato has stated on its "About Cato" page: "The Jeffersonian philosophy that animates Cato's work has increasingly come to be called 'libertarianism' or 'market liberalism.' It combines an appreciation for entrepreneurship, the market process, and lower taxes with strict respect for civil liberties and skepticism about the benefits of both the welfare state and foreign military adventurism."[43]

Some Cato scholars disagree with conservatives on neo-conservative foreign policy, albeit that this has not always been uniform.[44]

Objectivism

John A. Allison IV speaking at the 2014 International Students for Liberty Conference (ISFLC)

The relationship between Cato and the Ayn Rand Institute (ARI) improved with the nomination of Cato's new president John A. Allison IV in 2012. He is a former ARI board member and is reported to be an "ardent devotee" of Rand who has promoted reading her books to colleges nationwide.[45] In March 2015 Allison retired and was replaced by Peter Goettler. Allison remains on the Cato Institute's board[46]

Cato positions on political issues and policies

The Cato Institute advocates policies that advance "individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and peace". They are libertarian in their policy positions, typically advocating diminished government intervention in domestic, social, and economic policies and decreased military and political intervention worldwide. Cato was cited by columnist Ezra Klein as nonpartisan, saying that it is “the foremost advocate for small-government principles in American life" and it "advocates those principles when Democrats are in power, and when Republicans are in power".[47] Eric Lichtblau called Cato "one of the country’s most widely cited research organizations".[48]

On domestic issues

Cato scholars have consistently called for the privatization of many government services and institutions, including NASA, Social Security, the United States Postal Service, the Transportation Security Administration, public transportation systems, and public broadcasting.[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] The institute opposes minimum wage laws, saying that they violate the freedom of contract and thus private property rights, and increase unemployment.[57][58] It is opposed to expanding overtime regulations, arguing that it will benefit some employees in the short term, while costing jobs or lowering wages of others, and have no meaningful long-term impact.[59][60] It opposes child labor prohibitions.[61][62][63] It opposes public sector unions and supports right-to-work laws.[64][65] It opposes universal health care, arguing that it is harmful to patients and an intrusion onto individual liberty.[66][67] It is against affirmative action.[68] It has also called for total abolition of the welfare state, and has argued that it should be replaced with reduced business regulations to create more jobs, and argues that private charities are fully capable of replacing it.[69][70] Cato has also opposed antitrust laws.[71][72]

Cato is an opponent of campaign finance reform, arguing that government is the ultimate form of potential corruption and that such laws undermine democracy by undermining competitive elections. Cato also supports the repeal of the Federal Election Campaign Act.[73][74]

Cato has published strong criticisms of the 1998 settlement which many U.S. states signed with the tobacco industry.[75] In 2004, Cato scholar Daniel Griswold wrote in support of President George W. Bush's failed proposal to grant temporary work visas to otherwise undocumented laborers which would have granted limited residency for the purpose of employment in the U.S.[76]

The Cato Institute published a study proposing a Balanced Budget Veto Amendment to the United States Constitution.[77]

In 2003, Cato filed an amicus brief in support of the Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas, which struck down the remaining state laws that made private, non-commercial homosexual relations between consenting adults illegal. Cato cited the 14th Amendment, among other things, as the source of their support for the ruling. The amicus brief was cited in Justice Kennedy's majority opinion for the Court.[78]

In 2006, Cato published a Policy Analysis criticising the Federal Marriage Amendment as unnecessary, anti-federalist, and anti-democratic.[79] The amendment would have changed the United States Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage; the amendment failed in both houses of Congress.

Cato scholars have been sharp critics of current U.S. drug policy and the perceived growing militarization of U.S. law enforcement.[80] Additionally, the Cato Institute opposes smoking bans[81] and mandatory use of safety belts.[82]

Criticism of corporate welfare

In 2004, the Institute published a paper arguing in favor of "drug re-importation".[83] Cato has published numerous studies criticizing what it calls "corporate welfare", the practice of public officials funneling taxpayer money, usually via targeted budgetary spending, to politically connected corporate interests.[84][85][86][87]

Cato president Ed Crane and Sierra Club executive director Carl Pope co-wrote a 2002 op-ed piece in the Washington Post calling for the abandonment of the Republican energy bill, arguing that it had become little more than a gravy train for Washington, D.C. lobbyists.[88] Again in 2005, Cato scholar Jerry Taylor teamed up with Daniel Becker of the Sierra Club to attack the Republican Energy Bill as a give-away to corporate interests.[89]

A 2006 study criticized the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.[90]

On foreign policy

Cato's non-interventionist foreign policy views, and strong support for civil liberties, have frequently led Cato scholars to criticize those in power, both Republican and Democratic. Cato scholars opposed President George H. W. Bush's 1991 Gulf War operations (a position which caused the organization to lose nearly $1 million in funding),[15](p454) President Bill Clinton's interventions in Haiti and Kosovo, President George W. Bush's 2003 invasion of Iraq, and President Barack Obama's 2011 military intervention in Libya.[91] As a response to the September 11 attacks, Cato scholars supported the removal of al Qaeda and the Taliban regime from power, but are against an indefinite and open-ended military occupation of Afghanistan.[92] Cato scholars criticized U.S. involvement in Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[91]

Ted Galen Carpenter, Cato's Vice President for Defense and Foreign Policy Studies, criticized many of the arguments offered to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq. One of the war's earliest critics, Carpenter wrote in January 2002: "Ousting Saddam would make Washington responsible for Iraq's political future and entangle the United States in an endless nation-building mission beset by intractable problems."[93] Carpenter also predicted: "Most notably there is the issue posed by two persistent regional secession movements: the Kurds in the north and the Shiites in the south."[93] Cato's Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Christopher Preble, argues in The Power Problem: How American Military Dominance Makes Us Less Safe, Less Prosperous, and Less Free, that America's position as an unrivaled superpower tempts policymakers to constantly overreach and to redefine ever more broadly the "national interest".[94]

Christopher Preble has said that the "scare campaign" to protect military spending from cuts under the Budget Control Act of 2011 has backfired.[95]

On environmental policy

Cato scholars have written about the issues of the environment, including global warming, environmental regulation, and energy policy.

PolitiFact.com and Scientific American have criticized Cato's work on global warming.[96][97] A December 2003 Cato panel included Patrick Michaels, Robert Balling and John Christy. Michaels, Balling and Christy agreed that global warming is related at least some degree to human activity but that some scientists and the media have overstated the danger. The Cato Institute has also criticized political attempts to stop global warming as expensive and ineffective:

No known mechanism can stop global warming in the near term. International agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, would have no detectable effect on average temperature within any reasonable policy time frame (i.e., 50 years or so), even with full compliance.[98]

Cato scholars have been critical of the Bush administration's views on energy policy. In 2003, Cato scholars Jerry Taylor and Peter Van Doren said the Republican Energy Bill was "hundreds of pages of corporate welfare, symbolic gestures, empty promises, and pork-barrel projects".[99] They also spoke out against the former president's calls for larger ethanol subsidies.[100]

With regard to the "Takings Clause" of the United States Constitution and environmental protection, libertarians associated with Cato contend that the Constitution is not adequate to guarantee the protection of private property rights.[101]

Other commentaries of presidential administrations

George W. Bush administration

Cato scholars were critical of George W. Bush's Republican administration (2001–2009) on several issues, including education,[102] and excessive government spending.[103] On other issues, they supported Bush administration initiatives, most notably health care,[104] Social Security,[105][106] global warming,[98] tax policy,[107] and immigration.[76][108][109][110]

2008 election campaign commentaries

During the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Cato scholars criticized both major-party candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama.[111][112]

Barack Obama administration

Cato has criticized President Obama's stances on policy issues such as fiscal stimulus,[113] healthcare reform,[114] foreign policy,[115] and drug-related matters,[38] while supporting his stance on the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell[40] and the DREAM Act.[37]

Donald Trump administration

Cato was strongly critical of Trump's immigration ban, which was enacted in January 2017.[116]

Funding, tax status, and corporate structure

The Cato Institute is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization under U.S. Internal Revenue Code. For revenue, the Institute is largely dependent on private contributions. The Cato Institute reported fiscal year 2015 revenue of $37.3 million and expenses of $29.4 million.[4] According to the organization's annual report, $32.1 million came from individual donors, $2.9 million came from foundations, $1.2 million came from program revenue and other income, and $1 million came from corporations.[4]

Sponsors of Cato have included FedEx, Google, CME Group and Whole Foods Market.[117] The Nation reported support for Cato from the tobacco industry in a 2012 story.[118]

Funding details

Funding details as of FYE March 2015:[4]

Operating Revenue as of FYE March 2015: $37,319,000

  Individuals (86.0%)
  Foundations (7.7%)
  Corporations (2.9%)
  Program revenue (2.9%)
  Other income (0.5%)

Operating expenses as of FYE March 2015: $29,352,000

  Program (73.8%)
  Management & General (7.9%)
  Development (18.3%)

Net assets as of FYE March 2015: $70,186,000.

Shareholder dispute

According to an agreement signed in 1977, there were to be four shareholders of the Cato Institute. They were Charles and David Koch, Ed Crane,[119] and William A. Niskanen. Niskanen died in October 2011.[120] In March 2012, a dispute broke out over the ownership of Niskanen's shares.[119][120] Charles and David Koch filed suit in Kansas, seeking to void his shareholder seat. The Kochs argued that Niskanen’s shares should first be offered to the board of the Institute, and then to the remaining shareholders.[121] Crane contended that Niskanen's share belonged to his widow, Kathryn Washburn, and that the move by the Kochs was an attempt to turn Cato into "some sort of auxiliary for the G.O.P.... It's detrimental to Cato, it's detrimental to Koch Industries, it's detrimental to the libertarian movement."[48]

In June 2012, Cato announced an agreement in principle to settle the dispute by changing the institute's governing structure. Under the agreement, a board replaced the shareholders and Crane, who at the time was also Chief Executive Officer, retired. Former BB&T bank CEO John A. Allison IV replaced him.[122][123] The Koch brothers agreed to drop two lawsuits.[124]

Associates in the news

Nobel laureates at Cato

The following Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates have worked with Cato:[128]

Milton Friedman Prize

Since 2002, the Cato Institute has awarded the Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty every two years to "an individual who has made a significant contribution to advancing human freedom."[129] The prize comes with a cash award of US$250,000.[130]

||

Friedman Prize winners
Year Recipient Nationality
2002 Peter Thomas Bauer[131]  British
2004 Hernando de Soto Polar[132]  Peruvian
2006 Mart Laar[133]  Estonian
2008 Yon Goicoechea[134]  Venezuelan
2010 Akbar Ganji[135]  Iranian
2012 Mao Yushi[136]  Chinese
2014 Leszek Balcerowicz[137]  Polish
2016 Flemming Rose[138]  Danish

Board of directors

As of 2016:[2]

Notable Cato experts

Notable scholars associated with Cato include the following:[139]

Policy scholars

Adjunct scholars

Fellows

Affiliations

The Cato Institute is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks.[140][141]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Koch Industries is the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. "Forbes List". Forbes. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  2. ↑ Koch is chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries, the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. "Forbes List". Forbes. Retrieved November 13, 2011.

References

  1. ↑ Kansas Secretary of State Business Entity Name Search for "Cato Foundation" gives entity no. 0385872, established in Kansas December 19, 1974.
  2. 1 2 3 "Board of Directors". Cato Institute. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "Cato Institute website profile of David Boaz". Cato Institute. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Cato Institute. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "Cato's Mission". Cato Institute. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 "25 years at the Cato Institute: The 2001 Annual Report" (PDF). OCLC 52255585. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Articles of Incorporation Charles Koch Foundation and Restated Articles of Incorporation". December 19, 1974. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
  8. ↑ Cobane, Craig T. (2005). "Think Tanks". Americans at War. Gale. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  9. 1 2 James G. McGann (Director) (February 4, 2015). "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved February 14, 2015. Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include # 13 (of 85) in Defense and National Security, #5 (of 80) in Domestic Economic Policy, #4 (of 55) in Education Policy, #17 (of 85) in Foreign Policy and International Affairs, #8 (of 30) in Domestic Health Policy, #14 (of 25) in Global Health Policy, #18 (of 80) in International Development, #14 (of 50) in International Economic Policy, #8 (of 50) in Social Policy, #8 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign, #17 (of 60) for Best Think Tank Network, #3 (of 60) for best Use of Social Networks, #9 (of 50) for Best External Relations/Public Engagement Program, #2 (of 40) for Best Use of the Internet, #12 (of 40) for Best Use of Media, #5 (of 30) for Most Innovative Policy Ideas/Proposals, #11 (of 70) for the Most Significant Impact on Public Policy, and #9 (of 60) for Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs.
  10. ↑ Gelb, Alan; Diofasi, Anna; Hashmi, Nabil; Post, Lauren (March 17, 2015). "CGD’s Think Tank Public Profile Rankings Are Back". Center for Global Development. cgdev.org. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Articles of Incorporation Charles Koch Foundation and Restated Articles of Incorporation". December 19, 1974. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  12. 1 2 Burris, Charles (February 4, 2011). "Kochs v. Soros: A Partial Backstory". LewRockwell.com. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  13. ↑ The essays, named after Cato the Younger, the defender of republican institutions in Rome, expounded on the political views of philosopher John Locke, that had a strong influence on the American Revolution's intellectual environment. See: Mitchell, Annie (July 2004). "A Liberal Republican "Cato"". American Journal of Political Science. 48 (3): 588. doi:10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00089.x.
  14. ↑ Rossiter, Clinton (1953). Seedtime of the Republic: the origin of the American tradition of political liberty. New York: Harcourt, Brace. p. 141. No one can spend any time the newspapers, library inventories, and pamphlets of colonial America without realizing that Cato's Letters rather than John Locke's Civil Government was the most popular, quotable, esteemed source for political ideas in the colonial period.
  15. 1 2 Doherty, Brian (2007). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 741. ISBN 978-1-58648-350-0. OCLC 76141517.
  16. ↑ "The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 2009" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  17. ↑ ISSN 0273-3072
  18. ↑ Academic Search Complete: Journals & Magazines Only, EBSCO
  19. ↑ ProQuest Database: ProQuest 5000 International, ProQuest
  20. ↑ ISSN 0147-0590
  21. ↑ Business Source Complete: Journals & Magazines Only, EBSCO
  22. ↑ ProQuest Database: ProQuest 5000 International, ProQuest
  23. ↑ OCLC 464445035, 51687065
  24. ↑ ISSN 1936-0398
  25. ↑ ISSN 0743-605X
  26. ↑ ISSN 0148-5008; OCLC 3456688
  27. ↑ ISSN 0161-7303; OCLC 4007467 (Literature of Liberty ended publication in 1982.)
  28. ↑ "elcato.org". elcato.org.
  29. ↑ "Downsizing the Federal Government". downsizinggovernment.org.
  30. ↑ "PoliceMisconduct.net - The Cato Institute's National Police Misconduct Reporting Project". policemisconduct.net.
  31. ↑ "Public Schooling Battle Map". https://www.cato.org/education-fight-map. External link in |work= (help)
  32. ↑ "Multimedia: Cato Daily Podcast". cato.org.
  33. ↑ Bleier, Karen (October 27, 2008). "International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato". Getty Images. Retrieved August 18, 2013. file photo taken on November 30, 2006
  34. ↑ Wilson, Mark (November 20, 2003). "Alan Greenspan Speaks About Euro in Washington". Getty Images. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  35. ↑ Jones, Caleb. "Bernanke". AP Images. Retrieved August 18, 2013. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke speaks at the Cato Institute's annual Monetary Conference...
  36. ↑ "President of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus Delivers Remarks at the Cato Institute". Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Washington Transcript Service. September 19, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  37. 1 2 Shapiro, Ilya. "One Cheer for Obama’s New Immigration Policy". Cato@Liberty. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  38. 1 2 Hidalgo, Juan Carlos. "Barack Obama: The Enthusiastic Drug Warrior". Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  39. ↑ Pilon, Roger. "Government Shouldn't Police Morals – or Sexual Practices". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  40. 1 2 Preble, Christopher. "Obama Right on "Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell"". Cato@Liberty. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  41. ↑ "Cato's Mission". The Cato Institute (accessed August 22, 2013)
  42. ↑ Lindsey, Brink. "Liberaltarians". December 4, 2006.
  43. ↑ "Cato on "How to Label Cato"". The Cato Institute. Cato Institute. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
  44. ↑ Lindsey, Brink. "Should We Invade Iraq?". Reason Magazine (January 2003). Reason Magazine. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  45. ↑ Jane Mayer, The Kochs v. Cato: Winners and Losers, The New Yorker, July 3, 2012.
  46. ↑ "Peter Goettler named new head of libertarian think tank Cato Institute". washingtonexaminer.com.
  47. ↑ Klein, Ezra (March 7, 2012). "Why Do the Kochs Want to Kill the Cato Institute?". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  48. 1 2 Lichtblau, Eric (March 6, 2012). "Cato Institute Is Caught in a Rift Over Its Direction". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  49. ↑ "Fixing Transit: The Case for Privatization". cato.org. November 10, 2010.
  50. ↑ "Privatizing Social Security: A Big Boost for the Poor". cato.org. July 26, 1996.
  51. ↑ "Top Ten Reasons to Privatize Public Broadcasting". cato.org. July 25, 2005.
  52. ↑ "Privatize Almost Everything". cato.org. April 30, 2013.
  53. ↑ "Postal Service Privatization". cato.org. April 30, 1996.
  54. ↑ "After Another Failure, Time to Privatize TSA". cato.org. June 2, 2015.
  55. ↑ "Time to Privatize NASA". cato.org. January 26, 1998.
  56. ↑ "Privatize the FAA!". cato.org. April 24, 2013.
  57. ↑ "The Minimum Wage Is Cruelest to Those Who Can't Find a Job". cato.org. July 22, 2013.
  58. ↑ William Niskanen, "House Faces the Dumbest Bill of the Year (So Far): A $2.10 Increase in the Minimum Wage", Cato@Libery, June 14, 2006
  59. ↑ "Overtime Regulation". cato.org. July 2, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Obama's Overtime Edict: Anything But a Free Lunch". cato.org. March 13, 2014.
  61. ↑ "A Case against Child Labor Prohibitions". cato.org. July 29, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Child Labor or Child Prostitution?". cato.org. October 8, 2002.
  63. ↑ "Bans on Child Labor". cato.org. November 18, 2013.
  64. ↑ "Labor Unions Against the Public Interest". cato.org. July 2, 2013.
  65. ↑ http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2010/1/cj30n1-9.pdf
  66. ↑ "Universal Health Care". cato.org.
  67. ↑ "Universal Health Care Not Best Option". cato.org. February 23, 2009.
  68. ↑ Gryphon, Marie. "The Affirmative Action Myth". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  69. ↑ "Welfare and Private Charity". cato.org. April 13, 2012.
  70. ↑ "The Welfare State Needs Abolition, Not "Reform"". cato.org. May 5, 2015.
  71. ↑ "The Case Against Antitrust". cato.org. November 17, 2004.
  72. ↑ "It's Time To Reexamine Antitrust Legislation". cato.org. November 13, 1997.
  73. ↑ "Why Campaign Finance Reform Never Works". cato.org. March 20, 1997.
  74. ↑ "Campaign Finance". cato.org.
  75. ↑ Thomas C. O'Brien, "Constitutional and Antitrust Violations of the Multistate Tobacco Settlement", Policy Analysis no. 371, Cato Institute, May 18, 2000
  76. 1 2 Griswold, Daniel (December 3, 2004). "Beyond the Barbed Wire: Bush won a mandate for immigration reform". Reason.com. Retrieved August 21, 2013. Cato's link
  77. ↑ Anthony Hawks, "The Balanced Budget Veto: A New Mechanism to Limit Federal Spending", Policy Analysis no. 487, Cato Institute, September 4, 2003
  78. ↑ "539 U.S. 558 LAWRENCE et al. v. TEXAS No. 02-102. Supreme Court of United". bulk.resource.org. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  79. ↑ Carpenter, Dale (June 1, 2006). "The Federal Marriage Amendment: Unnecessary, Anti-Federalist, and Anti-Democratic". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  80. ↑ Balko, Radley (July 17, 2006). "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America". Cato Institute.
  81. ↑ Lambert, Thomas A. "The Case Against Smoking Bans" (PDF). Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  82. ↑ Yale Brozen: The High Cost of Government Regulation, in: Toward Liberty: The Idea that is Changing the World, ed. by David Boaz, Cato Institute, 2002, p. 131
  83. ↑ "Drug Reimportation: The Free Market Solution", Policy Analysis no. 521, Cato Institute, August 4, 2004
  84. ↑ James Bovard, "Archer Daniels Midland: A Case Study In Corporate Welfare" Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Policy Analysis no. 241, September 26, 1995
  85. ↑ Stephen Moore and Dean Stansel, "Ending Corporate Welfare As We Know It", Policy Analysis no. 225, May 12, 1995
  86. ↑ Stephen Slivinski, "The Corporate Welfare Budget: Bigger Than Ever", Policy Analysis no. 415, October 10, 2001
  87. ↑ Stephen Slivinski, "The Corporate Welfare State: How the Federal Government Subsidizes U.S. Businesses", Policy Analysis no. 592, May 14, 2007
  88. ↑ Pope, Carl; Crane, Ed (July 30, 2002). "Fueled by Pork". The Washington Post. p. A.17. Retrieved August 21, 2013. (subscription required). Cato's link
  89. ↑ Jerry Taylor and Daniel Becker, "Energy Bill Blues", July 2, 2005
  90. ↑ Gigi Sohn, "A Welcome Voice on the Right", Public Knowledge, March 21, 2006
  91. 1 2 "GOP’s Foreign Policy Goes from Bad to Ugly as Marco Rubio Pushes Intervention for Fun and Profit". Cato Institute. August 12, 2015.
  92. ↑ Malou Innocent and Ted Galen Carpenter (September 14, 2009). "Escaping the 'Graveyard of Empires': A Strategy to Exit Afghanistan". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  93. 1 2 Carpenter, Ted Galen. "Overthrow Saddam? Be Careful What You Wish For". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  94. ↑ Lozada, Carlos (May 3, 2009). "The Big Idea – The Power Problem". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  95. ↑ "Defense Execs Say Deeper DoD Budget Cuts, Higher Taxes OK". breakingdefense.com.
  96. ↑ PolitiFact.com: Cato Institutes claim on global warming disputed by most experts. April 1, 2009.
  97. ↑ Cato was criticized for publishing an alleged misleading Addendum: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. See: Fischer, Douglas; The Daily Climate (October 22, 2012). "Fake Addendum by Contrarian Group Tries to Undo U.S. Government Climate Report". Scientific American. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
  98. 1 2 Michaels, Patrick J. "Global Warming" (PDF). Cato Handbook for Congress: Policy Recommendations for the 108th Congress. p. 474. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
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