Tharawal
- This article is for the Australian Indigenous group. For their language see Aboriginal language.
| Tharawal people | |
|---|---|
|
aka: Dharawal, Darawal, Carawal, Turawal, Thurawal, Thurrawal, Thurrawall, Turu-wal, Turuwul, Turrubul, Turuwull Tharawal (AIATSIS), nd (SIL)[1] | |
|
Sydney Basin bioregion | |
| Hierarchy | |
| Language family: | Pama–Nyungan |
| Language branch: | Yuin–Kuric |
| Language group: | Yora |
| Group dialects: | Tharawal[2] |
| Area | |
| Bioregion: | Sydney Basin |
| Location: | Sydney and Illawarra, New South Wales |
| Coordinates: | 34°S 151°E / 34°S 151°ECoordinates: 34°S 151°E / 34°S 151°E |
| Rivers | Georges and Shoalhaven |
| Notable individuals | |
The Tharawal people (also spelled Dharawal, Darawal, Carawal, Turawal, Thurawal, Thurrawal, Thurrawall, Turu-wal, Turuwul, Turrubul, Turuwull), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that are united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the coastal area of what is now known as the Sydney basin, in New South Wales, Australia. Their traditional territory spreads from the south of Sydney Harbour, through Georges River, Botany Bay, Port Hacking, throughout the Illawarra Escarpment, and across areas now known as the Macarthur, Southern Highlands, and Illawarra regions, as far south as the Shoalhaven River.
Clans
The Gweagal were also known as the "Fire Clan". They were the people to first make contact with Captain Cook.
Language
The Tharawal (or Dharawal) language is considered the main dialect of the Tharawal people.[2]
Lifestyle
The historical artwork (rock engravings) of the Tharawal people is visible on the sandstone surfaces throughout their language area and charcoal and ochre paintings, drawings and hand stencils can be found on hundreds of rock surfaces and in the many dozens of rock shelters and overhangs in that area of land. There is a public viewing site of one group of engravings at Jibbon Point, showing a whale and a wallaby, celebrating successful hunts and whale strandings.[3] Those engravings are marred by recent European inclusions. The original Jibbon point engravings (pecked and abraided petroglyphs) show a pod of killer whales hunting a seal. The leading whale is shown as a scarified and initiated animal indicating his status as a totemic spirit of high esteem.
It has been claimed that there were no remaining descendants of the Tharawal people, however after the Mabo v Queensland (No 2) verdict and the Native Title Act 1993 there have been claims lodged by descendents of the Wodiwodi Clan who claim to have survived the early decimations and gradually moved back into the areas formally occupied by other clans. These Wodi Wodi clansmen are claiming lineage to the Tharawal tribe.
The Tharawal people lived mainly by the produce of local plants, fruits and vegetables and by fishing and gathering shell fish products. The men also hunted land mammals and speared fish. The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known for their fishing and canoeing prowess. There are a large number of shell middens still visible in the areas around the southern Sydney area and a glimpse of the Tharawal lifestyle can be drawn from an understanding of the kitchen rubbish left on the midden sites.
References
- ↑ Dousset, Laurent (2005). "Tharawal". AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Language information: Dharawal". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. AIATSIS. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- ↑ Watt, Bruce (2014). The Shire : A journey through time. China: Everbest. p. 104. ISBN 9780646920191.
- ↑ This map is indicative] only.
External links
- Tharawal Local Aboriginal Land Council webpage
- Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation webpage
- Norman B. Tindale's 'Catalogue of Australian Aboriginal Tribes', South Australian Museum.
- Bibliography of Tharawal people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Heather Goodall and Allison Cadzow (2014). "Gogi". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 9 October 2015.[CC-By-SA] A Dharawal man, Gogi met with Governor Macquarie at the Cowpastures in 1810.