Dodecane

Dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of dodecane
Names
IUPAC name
Dodecane[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1697175
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.607
EC Number 203-967-9
201408
KEGG
MeSH n-dodecane
RTECS number JR2125000
UNII
Properties
C12H26
Molar mass 170.34 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like to odorless
Density 0.7495 g mL−1 at 25 °C[2]
Melting point −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K
Boiling point 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K
log P 6.821
Vapor pressure 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]
1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
1.421
Viscosity 1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry
376.00 J K−1 mol−1
490.66 J K−1 mol−1
−353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1
−7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet hazard.com
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
H304
P301+310, P331
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
2
1
0
Flash point 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)
205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)
Explosive limits 0.6%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12 or duodecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3 (or C12H26), an oily liquid of the paraffin series. It has 355 isomers.

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants.[4]

Combustion reaction

The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:

C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)
ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.

Jet fuel surrogate

In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen to carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. ↑ http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dodecane#section=Solubility
  3. ↑ http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8182#x400
  4. ↑ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.
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