Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)

Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)
Part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War

Memorial to people killed in the Charlie Hebdo massacre. France has seen the largest number of attacks during the campaign.
Date24 May 2014 – present
(3 years, 2 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
LocationEurope (mainly Western Europe)
Belligerents
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Lone wolves
Al-Qaeda		  France
 United Kingdom
 Turkey
 Belgium
 Germany
 Russia
 Sweden
 Denmark
 Spain
 Italy

Europe has seen an upsurge of Islamic terrorist activity since 2014.[1][2][3][4] The attacks have been considered a spillover of the Syrian Civil War and is also linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) as well as the European migrant crisis.[4][5]

ISIL used social media and other propaganda to encourage terrorist attacks across Europe;[6] for example, a number of "lone wolf" attacks were carried out on European soil following ISIL spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani's call in September 2014 for ISIL sympathizers to independently carry out attacks. In the ten months following September, there were nine lone wolf attacks carried out, in addition to 12 terrorist plots which failed.[7]

Background

This period of Islamic terrorism in the whole of Europe is often seen as part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War and linked to the rise of ISIL, in Western Europe it is as well linked to the European migrant crisis. Unlike Western European countries, Russia already had a long history of conflict with Islamist separatists from the republics such as Chechnya in the North Caucasus, and had seen its own wave of terror in the 2000s.[4][5]

Major Islamic terrorist attacks in Western Europe prior to 2014 were the 2004 Madrid train bombings, in which ten bombings against four commuter trains killed 191 people and wounded around 2,000, and the 7 July 2005 London bombings, in which four bombings against public transportation killed 52 people and wounded 784.[2]

The recent wave of terror is sometimes seen to have started with the Toulouse and Montauban shootings in March 2012, when Islamic extremist Mohammed Merah committed a series of shootings over the course of several days, leaving seven people dead amid one of the biggest manhunts in modern French history.[8][9][10] The "Cannes-Torcy cell", reportedly "once considered among the country's most dangerous" was later deemed "the missing link" between Merah and the Brussels ISIL terror cell responsible for the November 2015 Paris attacks. Eighteen members of the cell were sentenced to up to 28 years in prison in 2017.[11]

Overview

During the period between December 2014 to the present, France has been a top European target, with ten attacks between December 2014 and June 2017;[3] this included the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks, the November 2015 Paris attacks, and the July 2016 Nice truck attack. The United Kingdom saw a rise in terrorist activity in early 2017, with three major attacks carried out in a span of four months (see the 2017 Westminster attack, the May 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, and the June 2017 London Bridge attack). Other notable targets in Europe have included the Belgium, Germany, and Russia. The trans-continental city of Istanbul also saw both bombings and shootings, including in January 2016, June 2016 and January 2017.

Attacks have notably occurred in countries participating in Operation Inherent Resolve, the military intervention against ISIL. Examples of individual countries' efforts against ISIL include France's Opération Chammal and Germany's Operation Counter Daesh. Russia has also carried out attacks against ISIL, as well as carrying out a military campaign in support of Bashar al-Assad, the embattled president of Syria. Many attacks are believed to be motivated partly by retaliation for this military intervention against ISIL.[12] However, even neutral countries such as Sweden have been attacked. While the security forces have been targeted by terrorists, the majority have been attacks against civilians in urban areas. This has led to increased security across Europe, including ongoing domestic military deployments in countries including France (Opération Sentinelle),[13] Belgium,[14] Italy,[15] and the United Kingdom (Operation Temperer).[16]

List of attacks

According to Europol, terror attacks attributed to jihadists in the European Union increased from four in 2014 to seventeen in 2015, while the number of people killed increased from four to 150.[17] In 2016, a total of 135 people were killed in thirteen jihadist attacks in the European Union.[18]

Date Location Article Details Deaths Injuries
24 May 2014 Belgium Brussels, Belgium Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting A man opened fire in the Jewish Museum in Brussels, leaving four people dead. On 30 May, Mehdi Nemmouche, who in 2013 had fought for Islamists in the Syrian Civil War, was arrested at a bus station in Marseilles and admitted to the shooting.[19][20] The attack was the first by a returned jihadist from the Syrian Civil War.[21] 4 0
20 December 2014 France Joué-lès-Tours, France 2014 Tours police station stabbing A man entered a police station shouting the Islamic takbir Allahu Akbar ("God is Great"), and attacked officers with a knife, injuring three before he was shot dead.[21][22][23] The attack was followed in close succession the next days by two car-ramming attacks in which the attackers "were possibly only partially motivated by ideology and appeared to be psychologically unstable."[21] 0 (+1 attacker) 3
7–9 January 2015 France Île-de-France, France January 2015 Île-de-France attacks From 7 January 2015 to 9 January 2015, terrorist attacks occurred across the Île-de-France region, particularly in Paris. Three attackers killed a total of 17 in four shooting attacks, and police then killed the three assailants.[17][24][25] The main attacks were the Charlie Hebdo shooting and the Porte de Vincennes siege. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula claimed responsibility and said that the coordinated attacks had been planned for years.[26] 17 (+3 attackers) 22
3 February 2015 France Nice, France 2015 Nice stabbing attack Three soldiers, guarding a Jewish community center in Nice, were attacked by a man with a knife. The attacker was arrested by police.[17][27] 0 3
14–15 February 2015 Denmark Copenhagen, Denmark 2015 Copenhagen shootings A man opened fire at an event at Krudttønden organized by Lars Vilks, known for his controversial drawings of Muhammad. Later, a Jewish man was shot outside the Great Synagogue. The attacker was later shot dead by police.[17][28] 2 (+1 attacker) 6
19 April 2015 France Villejuif, France Sid Ahmed Ghlam case Alleged unsuccessful plan to attack two churches in Villejuif by an Algerian who was alleged to have killed a woman when trying to steal her car but accidentally shot himself in the leg. He was arrested by French police. Prosecutors said they found documents about Al-Qaeda and IS at his home, and that he had been in contact with a suspected Syrian jihadist about the planned church attack.[27][29] 1 0
27 April 2015 Bosnia and Herzegovina Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina Zvornik police station shooting A man entered a police station reportedly yelling "Allahu Akbar," and began to shoot at police officers.[30][31] 1 (+1 attacker) 2
26 June 2015 France Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France 2015 Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack An attacker beheaded his employer, impaled his head on a fence, and then blew up gas cylinders at a factory by ramming his van into them. The attacker was arrested, but committed suicide by hanging himself in his cell later the same year.[17][27] 1 2
21 August 2015 France Oignies, France 2015 Thalys train attack A man threatened passengers with an assault rifle on a Thalys train between Amsterdam and Paris. One passenger was shot in the neck with a pistol when the rifle jammed.[17][32] Two United States military personnel and their civilian friend overcame the attacker.[33] 0 3 (+1 attacker)
17 September 2015 Germany Berlin, Germany Rafik Yousef An Iraqi citizen, identified only as Rafik Y, stabbed a German policewoman in the neck. He was then shot dead by another officer.[17][34] 0 (+1 attacker) 1
13–14 November 2015 France Paris and Saint-Denis, France November 2015 Paris attacks A series of co-ordinated attacks began over about 35 minutes at six locations in central Paris.[17] The first shooting attack occurred in a restaurant and a bar in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. There was shooting and a bomb detonated at Bataclan theatre in the 11th arrondissement during a rock concert. Approximately 100 hostages were then taken and overall 89 were killed there. Other bombings took place outside the Stade de France stadium in the suburb of Saint-Denis during a football match between France and Germany.[35] 130 (+7 attackers) 413
7 January 2016 France Paris, France January 2016 Paris police station attack An asylum seeker wielding a knife and a fake bomb vest shouted "Allahu Akbar" outside a police station. He was shot dead by police.[18][27] 0 (+1 attacker) 1
11 January 2016 France Marseilles, France A 15-year-old Turkish boy, claiming to be "acting in the name of ISIL," attempted to behead a teacher from a Jewish school with a machete.[18][36][37] 0 1
12 January 2016 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey January 2016 Istanbul bombing A suicide bomber blew himself up near Hippodrome of Constantinople near the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, killing 13 people and wounding another 9, most of whom were foreign tourist. No group claimed responsibility, but Turkish authorities suspected ISIL.[38] 13 (+1 attacker) 9
5 February, 26 February 2016 Germany Hanover, Germany 2016 Hanover stabbing A federal policeman was critically injured by a stabbing attack by 15-year-old girl "Safia S".[18][39][40][41] Safia's brother, "Saleh S.", had on 5 February attempted to firebomb a shopping mall in the same city. Having fought in Syria, Saleh had later introduced his sister to ISIL members in Turkey.[42] 0 1
19 March 2016 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey March 2016 Istanbul bombing On 19 March 2016, a suicide bombing took place in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district in front of the district governor's office. The attack occurred at 10:55 (EET) at the intersection of Balo Street with İstiklal Avenue, a central shopping street.[43] 4 (+1 attacker) 36
22 March 2016 Belgium Brussels and Zaventem, Belgium 2016 Brussels bombings There were three coordinated suicide bombings in Brussels: two at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, and one at Maalbeek metro station. In these attacks, 32 people and the three bombers were killed, and 340 people were injured.[18][44] 32 (+3 attackers) 340
16 Apr 2016 Germany Essen, Germany A bomb exploded at a Sikh temple during a wedding ceremony, injuring at least three people. Three radicalised teenagers with connections to Islamic extremists were arrested and sentenced from six to seven years in prison.[45][46][47] 0 3
13 June 2016 France Magnanville, France 2016 Magnanville stabbing A man shouting "Islamist slogans" stabbed and killed his neighbor, a 42-year-old police officer, before taking the officer's wife and son hostage. Police raided the house and killed the attacker and found the officer's wife dead but his son alive. The Islamic State claimed responsibility.[27][18][27][48][49] 2 (+1 attacker) 0
28 June 2016 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 2016 Atatürk Airport attack A terrorist attack, consisting of shootings and suicide bombings, occurred on 28 June 2016 at Atatürk Airport in Istanbul, Turkey. Gunmen armed with automatic weapons and explosive belts staged a simultaneous attack at the international terminal of Terminal 2. Forty-five people were killed,[50] in addition to the three attackers, and more than 230 people were injured.[51] 45 (+3 attacker) 230
14 July 2016 France Nice, France Nice truck attack A cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, resulting in the death of 86 people and injuring 458. The driver was shot dead by police. ISIL claimed the responsibility for the attack.[18][27][52] 86 (+1 attacker) 458
18 July 2016 Germany Würzburg, Germany Würzburg train attack A 17-year-old Afghan asylum seeker attacked passengers on a train with an axe and a knife. The attacker was killed by police.[18][53] 0 (1 attacker) 5
24 July 2016 Germany Ansbach, Germany 2016 Ansbach bombing A 27-year-old Syrian refugee detonated a bomb at a wine bar after being denied entry to a nearby music festival, killing only himself, but wounding 15 civilians. Authorities found a recorded video message on the attacker's phone, pledging his allegiance to ISIL.[18][54] The Ansbach bombing was the first suicide bombing in Germany by Islamist terrorists.[55][56] 0 (1 attacker) 15
26 July 2016 France Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France 2016 Normandy church attack Two assailants took hostages at a church, killing a priest and seriously wounding another man. The attackers were killed by French Special Forces. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[18][57][58] 1 (+2 attackers) 3
6 August 2016 Belgium Charleroi, Belgium 2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers Two policewomen were attacked by Khaled Babbouri, wielding a machete and shouting "Allahu Akbar". The assailant was shot and killed by a third officer.[18][59][60] 0 (1 attacker) 2
17 August 2016 Russia Moscow oblast, Russia 2016 Shchelkovo Highway police station attack Two men with firearms and axes attacked the police station on the Shchelkovo Highway near Moscow. Two traffic police officers were seriously wounded, one fatally.[61] The attackers, natives of the Chechen Republic, were killed by police during the attack. ISIL claimed responsibility.[62] 1 (+2 attackers) 1
5 October 2016  Brussels, Belgium 2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers Three police officers were attacked by a man, "Hicham D", wielding a machete in the Schaerbeek neighborhood of Brussels. Two of them suffered stab wounds, while the third was physically assaulted but otherwise uninjured.[18][63] 0 3 (+1 attacker)
19 December 2016 Germany Berlin, Germany Berlin Christmas market attack Twelve people died and 56 others were injured after a truck was driven into a Christmas market in Berlin. Days later, having fled to Italy, the attacker shot an Italian police officer doing a routine check, before being killed by police.[18][64] ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[65] 12 56
1 January 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 2017 Istanbul nightclub shooting A mass shooting occurred at a nightclub in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on 1 January 2017. The attack occurred at about 01:15 FET (UTC+3) at the Reina nightclub in Ortaköy, where hundreds of people were celebrating the New Year. At least 39 people were killed and at least 70 were injured in the incident. The gunman, Abdulkadir Masharipov, was arrested in the city on 17 January 2017, and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed credit for his actions.[66] 39 70
3 February 2017 France Paris, France Louvre machete attack A machete attack at the Louvre injured one soldier as well as the attacker. The attacker had posted support for the Islamic State just before his attack.[27][67] 0 1 (+1 attacker)
18 March 2017 France Orly Airport and Garges-lès-Gonesse, France March 2017 Île-de-France attacks A man was killed by soldiers patrolling Orly Airport as part of Opération Sentinelle after he attempted to seize a female soldier's gun. He had also shot and injured a female police officer earlier with a pellet gun, and had shouted "I am ready to die for Allah."[27][68] 0 (+1 attacker) 2
22 March 2017 United Kingdom London, United Kingdom 2017 Westminster attack 52-year old Khalid Masood drove a car into pedestrians on Westminster Bridge, injuring 49 people five of them fatally. He then crashed his car into the fence of the Palace of Westminster and fatally stabbed an unarmed policeman before being shot dead by other officers.[69][70] 5 (+1 attacker) 49
3 April 2017 Russia St Petersburg, Russia Saint Petersburg Metro bombing A suicide bomber blew himself up on the St Petersburg Metro, on the day Vladimir Putin was due to visit the city. Sixteen people[71] were killed, including the bomber, and 87 others were injured. Imam Shamil Battalion, an Al-Qaeda affiliate, claimed responsibility,[72] but according to the FSB, attacker acted on the orders of a field commander from ISIL.[73] 15 (+1 attacker) 87
7 April 2017 Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm truck attack A hijacked truck was driven into pedestrians along a shopping street before crashing into a department store. Five people were killed and 14 others wounded. Police said the suspect had shown sympathies for extremist organizations including ISIL.[74] 5 14
20 April 2017 France Paris, France April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack Three police officers and a bystander were shot by an attacker wielding an AK-47 rifle on the Champs-Élysées, a shopping boulevard in Paris. The attacker was shot dead during the incident. He had a note defending the Islamic State, and had previously attempted to communicate with Islamic State fighters in Iraq and Syria.[27][75] 1 (+ 1 attacker) 3
22 May 2017 United Kingdom Manchester, United Kingdom Manchester Arena bombing A suicide bombing was carried out at Manchester Arena after a concert by American singer Ariana Grande, killing 22 civilians.[76] 22 (+1 attacker) 120
3 June 2017 United Kingdom London, United Kingdom June 2017 London Bridge attack A van ran over multiple pedestrians on the London Bridge. The men then drove to Borough Market, where they stabbed multiple people before being shot by police.[77][78] 8 (+3 attackers) 48
6 June 2017 France Paris, France 2017 Notre Dame attack A lone wolf who had pledged allegiance to ISIL in a video carrying knives in his rucksack attacked an officer guarding Notre Dame de Paris with a hammer.[79] 0 1 (+1 attacker)
19 June 2017 France Paris, France June 2017 Champs-Élysées car ramming attack A car containing guns and explosives rammed into a police vehicle on the Champs-Élysées. A fire broke out, suffocating the 31-year-old driver in a plume of yellow smoke, before police dragged him out of the vehicle. The man was known to police for ties to radicalism and in a letter, found in the car, he apparently expressed his affiliation to ISIL.[80] 0 (1 attacker) 0
20 June 2017 Belgium Brussels, Belgium 2017 Brussels attack A terrorist ran into Brussels Central Station, where he detonated a small bomb which caused no injuries. After the bomb failed to bring serious damage, the perpetrator ran towards soldiers in another part of the station. He was then shot and killed by one of those soldiers. The attempted attack was considered to have failed.[81][82] 0 (1 attacker) 0
28 July 2017 Germany Hamburg, Germany 2017 Hamburg attack An Islamist stabbed seven people, one of them fatally, in a supermarket in Hamburg while shouting "Allahu Akbar". [83] 1 6 (+1)

Terrorist plots

French Prime Minister Manuel Valls said in April 2015 that French security services had foiled at least five terrorist attacks in the three months since the Charlie Hebdo attack.[84] His successor Bernard Cazeneuve later said that French authorities had foiled seventeen terrorist plots in 2016.[46] In the first half of 2017, seven terror plots were foiled in France according to Interior Minister Gérard Collomb.[85]

Twelve terrorist attacks in Russia were prevented in the first half of 2017, according to Prosecutor General of Russia.[86]

Mark Rowley, assistant commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police said in March 2017 that thirteen terror plots had been foiled by security services in the United Kingdom in the four years since mid-2013.[87]

Article Date Location Details
2014 Norway terror threat 24–31 July 2014 Norway Norway The Norwegian government announced full border controls and unprecedented security measures amid a planned ISIL terrorist plot directed from Syria. The security measures lasted for a week before the immediate threat was deemed resolved.[88]
7 October 2014 United Kingdom London, United Kingdom The first alleged ISIL-linked terror plot in the United Kingdom was foiled by British police and MI5. One suspect was tasered by police during "dramatic armed raids in London" in which four men were arrested, suspected of being in the early stages of planning a significant attack.[89]
2015 Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop 1 May 2015 Germany Frankfurt, Germany The cycling race Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop was cancelled after a couple was arrested suspected of plotting to bomb the event similar to the Boston Marathon bombing. A pipe bomb, an automatic rifle and bazooka ammunition were among items found in the couple's home.[45][90]
2015 Hannover bombing plot 17 November 2015 Germany Hannover, Germany A football friendly labelled a "symbol of freedom" in the aftermath of the Paris attacks was cancelled with thousands of football fans evacuated after a bomb threat.[91] A French intelligence dossier later revealed that five bombings had been prepared to take place by a named five-member terror cell.[92]
Munich New Year's Eve train stations bombing plot 31 December 2015 Germany Munich, Germany ISIL terrorists were suspected of plotting attacks against Munich train stations on New Year's Eve. A police manhunt of 550 officers ensued for up to seven suspected terrorists.[93][94]
2016 Sweden terrorism plot February 2016 Sweden Sweden A 20-year old Swedish citizen was convicted in June 2016 of plotting to carry out a bombing attack using a homemade Pressure cooker bomb containing shrapnel.[95] The plot may have been ISIL-inspired.[96]
4 February 2016 Germany Berlin, Germany Several people connected to the Syrian Civil War were arrested suspected of preparing a terror attack against Berlin. The ringleader was a 35-year-old Algerian with suspected links to ISIL. 450 police officers were involved in searches.[45][97]
30 March 2016 France Paris, France A suspected ISIL operative was arrested suspected of plotting a terrorist attack. In a raid against the suspect's home police reported to have found "an arsenal of weapons and explosives of an unprecedented size," including 2 kilograms of the explosive TATP and a Kalashnikov rifle.[18][98]
2016 Düsseldorf terrorism plot 2 June 2016 Germany Düsseldorf, Germany Four migrants were arrested on suspicions of being part of a cell of up to ten ISIL terrorists from Syria who had planned to launch attacks in Düsseldorf similar to the November 2015 Paris attack.[18][45][99]
19 June 2016 Belgium Brussels, Belgium Three men were arrested suspected of plotting an attack against football fans watching the Euro 2016 match between Belgium and Ireland on public screenings in Brussels.[100]
Notre Dame Cathedral bombing attempt 4–8 September 2016 France Boussy-Saint-Antoine, France Three ISIL-affiliated women were arrested after an attempted car bombing of the Notre Dame de Paris. A police officer was stabbed during their arrest. All three women were armed with knives.[101][102]
2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot 8 October 2016 Germany Chemnitz, Germany An ISIL-affiliated Syrian refugee, Jaber al-Bakr, 22, was arrested after a police manhunt, suspected of plotting a terror attack. Items found in a raid against al-Bakr's apartment included "highly-volatile explosives".[45][103][104]
2016 Balkans terrorism plot 17 November 2016 Kosovo Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia Macedonia and Albania Albania 18 people were arrested over ten days across Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania, after a suspected plot to attack the Israeli national football team and Israeli supporters during an Albania-Israel match.[105][106]
21 November 2016 France Paris, Strasbourg and Marseille, France A suspected terror plot was foiled after seven people including former Syrian ISIL-fighters were arrested after an eight-month intelligence operation.[107] The plot was thought to have planned attacks againt police and intelligence headquarters, against Disneyland Paris and the Champs-Elysées boulevard on 1 December.[108]
2016 Ludwigshafen bombing plot 26 November, 5 December 2016 Germany Ludwigshafen, Germany A 12-year-old Iraqi boy was revealed to have twice attempted to bomb the local Christmas market in Ludwigshafen with nail bombs on directions by ISIL.[109]
28 December 2016 Spain Madrid, Spain Spanish police arrest two suspected jihadists of Spanish nationality and originating from Morocco and Gambia who planned an attack in Puerta del Sol de Madrid in New Year's Eve. The terrorists had bought two AK-47 and ten grenades and were part of the Islamic State.[110]
18 April 2017 France Marseille, France Two men were arrested in Marseille by anti-terror police, acting on information provided by British intelligence services. Guns and TATP explosives were found. The two men were accused of planning an attack on the eve of the French presidential election.[111]
27 April 2017 United Kingdom London, United Kingdom A British national, carrying knives near the Houses of Parliament was wrestled to the ground by armed police and arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences. The man, who had already been under surveillance after his family had informed police, was detained as part of an intelligence-led operation on Parliament Street.[112]
21 June 2017 Spain Madrid, Spain Three jihadists are detained in Madrid, one of them considered "extremely dangerous" who planned a suicide attack in the Spanish capital during the celebration of the Madrid Pride.[113]
28 July 2017 Russia St. Petersburg, Russia The FSB detained seven individuals of Central Asian origin on suspicion of plotting terrorist attacks in St. Petersburg.[114] The detainees planned to hit the railway system and major public gathering places.[115]

Counter-terrorism operations

According to Europol, the number of people arrested for jihadist-related terrorism offences in the European Union increased from 395 in 2014 to 687 in 2015.[17] In 2015, most arrests were made in France (377), followed by Spain (75) and Belgium (60); statistics for the United Kingdom was not available.[17] In 2016, a total of 718 people were arrested for jihadist-related terrorism offences in the European Union.[18]

Article Date Location Deaths Injuries Arrested
2014 Norway terror threat 24–31 July 2014 Norway Norway 0 0 5
Opération Sentinelle 12 January 2015 – ongoing France France ? ? ?
2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium 15 January 2015 Belgium Verviers, Belgium[116] 2 suspects 0 1
8 Apr 2015 Spain Around Barcelona, Spain[117] 0 0 11
Operation Ruben 6 May 2015 – ongoing Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina at least 31
Rawti Shax October 2015 Italy Italy, Norway Norway, United Kingdom United Kingdom 0 0 14
2015 Saint-Denis raid 17–18 November 2015 France Saint-Denis, France[118] 3 suspects 6 5
Brussels lockdown 21–25 November 2015 Belgium Brussels, Belgium 0 0 37
8 December 2015 Spain Mataró and Pájara, Spain[119] 0 0 2
2015 Brussels New Year's raids 27–30 December 2015 Belgium Brussels, Belgium 0 0 3
11 January 2016 Italy Cosenza, Italy[120] 0 0 1
2016 Brussels police raids 15–18 March 2016 Belgium Brussels, Belgium[121] 1 suspect 4 (+2 suspects) 5
11 May 2016 Italy Bari, Italy[122] 0 0 3
28 April 2016 Italy Rome, Italy[123] 0 0 4
9 July 2016 Republic of Macedonia Skopje, Macedonia[124] 0 0 4
26 September 2016 Spain Murcia and Valladolid, Spain[125] 0 0 2
11 October 2016 Spain Gijón and San Sebastián, Spain[126] 0 0 2
18 October 2016 Belgium Antwerp, Belgium[127] 0 0 ?
20 October 2016 Italy Crotone, Italy[128] 0 0 1
23 October 2016 Russia Nizhny Novgorod, Russia[129] 2 suspects 1 suspect 1
27 October 2016 Spain Ibiza, Spain[130] 0 0 2
8 November 2016 Germany Hildesheim, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany[131] 0 0 5
Die Wahre Religion 15 November 2016 Germany Germany (across ten cities and states)[132] 0 0 ?
23 December 2016 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[133] 0 0 31
27 December 2016 FranceToulouse and Cugnaux, France[134] 0 0 3
1 February 2017 Germany Hesse, Germany[135] 0 0 1
22 March 2017 Spain Roda de Ter, Catalonia, Spain[136] 0 0 2
15 April 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[137] 0 0 49
19 April 2017 Russia Vladimir Oblast, Russia[138] 2 suspects 0 0
25 April 2017 Spain Barcelona, Spain[139] 0 0 9
26 April 2017 Russia Kaliningrad, Russia[140][141] 0 0 12
28 April 2017 United Kingdom London, UK[142] 0 1 suspect 6
2 May 2017 Russia Tver, Russia[143] 0 0 5
5 May 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[144] 0 0 25
19 May 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[145] 0 0 17
23 May 2017 Spain Madrid, Spain[146] 0 0 2
30 May 2017 Germany Weiden, Germany[147] 0 0 1
31 May 2017 France Bordeaux, France[148] 0 0 6
1 June 2017 Spain Madrid, Spain[149] 0 0 1
1 June 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[150] 0 0 13
2 June 2017 Belgium Brussels, Belgium[151] 0 0 1
4 June 2017 United Kingdom London (Barking, Newham), UK[152][153] 0 0 11
6 June 2017 Belgium Brussels, Belgium[154] 0 0 12
11 June 2017 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey[155] 0 0 18
12 June 2017 Germany Germany[156] 0 0 4
28 June 2017 Spain Spain, United Kingdom United Kingdom, Germany Germany[157] 0 0 6
25 July 2017 Spain Balmaseda, Spain[158] 0 0 1

Analysis

The numbers of Islamic extremists have risen rapidly in recent years in Europe according to intelligence and security services.[159] In 2016, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls said that police and intelligence services were tracking 15,000 individuals "in the process of being radicalized" in France, with 1,400 already subjects of investigations related to various alleged terror offences.[160][161][162] After the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, British authorities and MI5 revealed they had 500 ongoing investigations into 3,000 individuals, with a further 20,000 having been "subjects of interest" in the past. The latter number was noted since the Manchester and Westminster attackers were both among "former subject[s] of interest."[163][164][165] In Germany, the Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (BfV) reported they had registered over 10,000 "radical Salafists" in 2017, double as many as had been registered by 2013.[166] The Swedish Security Service (Säpo) said the number of Islamic extremists in Sweden had soared to "thousands" in 2017, up from 200 in 2010, which it said was "a new historic challenge."[167][168][169]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kepel, Gilles (2017). Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West. Princeton University Press. p. 94. ISBN 9781400884643.
  2. 1 2 Merrick, Jane (23 May 2017). "A shocking attack, but Britain is no stranger to terror". CNN.
  3. 1 2 Hussey, Andrew (30 July 2016). "France church attack: Even if you are not a Catholic, this feels like a new and deeper wound". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 Bremmer, Ian (22 March 2016). "These 5 Facts Explain Why Europe Is Ground Zero for Terrorism". Time. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  5. 1 2 Scally, Derek (28 July 2016). "FBI warns of increased Islamic violence in Europe". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  6. ↑ Osborne, Simon (3 August 2016). "ISIS commanders call for co-ordinated wave of terror attacks". The Daily Express. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  7. ↑ Hegghammer, Thomas; Nesser, Petter (21 July 2015). "Assessing the Islamic State’s Commitment to Attacking the West". Perspectives on Terrorism. 9 (4). ISSN 2334-3745.
  8. ↑ "French media’s blackout on terrorists’ identities is missing the point". The Gurdian. 28 July 2016.
  9. ↑ Mullins, Sam (16 June 2016). "The Road to Orlando: Jihadist-Inspired Violence in the West, 2012-2016". Combating Terrorism Center.
  10. ↑ "France gunman goes down shooting". CBS. AP. 22 March 2012.
  11. ↑ "French terror cell members sentenced over Jewish grocery attack". AFP. 23 June 2017.
  12. ↑ Dalton, Matthew (14 November 2015). "Seven Militants Led Deadly Paris Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  13. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (15 April 2016). "Thousands of troops on Paris streets but are they France's new Maginot line?". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  14. ↑ "Belgium deploys army as Europe remains on high alert". France24. 17 January 2015.
  15. ↑ "Italy deploys soldiers to guard against terror attacks". Reuters. 18 February 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  16. ↑ "What is Operation Temperer: Theresa May becomes first PM to deploy up to 5,000 soldiers on streets". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2016". EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat). Europol: 22–28. 2016. ISBN 978-92-95200-68-5.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2017". EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat). Europol: 22–28. 2017. ISBN 978-92-95200-79-1.
  19. ↑ "Brussels Jewish Museum killings Suspect 'admitted attack'". BBC. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  20. ↑ http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2014/06/01/tuerie-de-bruxelles-un-suspect-francais-arrete_4429835_3214.html "Assassination attempt linked to a terrorist attempt" (« Tentative d'assassinat en lien avec une entreprise terroriste »); "In suspect's luggage, policemen have also found a video of 40 seconds including ISIS flag" ("Dans les bagages du suspect, les policiers ont aussi trouvé une vidéo d'une quarantaine de secondes, comportant le drapeau de l'Etat islamique")
  21. 1 2 3 "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2015". EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat). Europol: 18–19. 2015. ISBN 978-92-95200-56-2.
  22. ↑ "French police shoot dead knifeman who was shouting Islamic slogans". The Daily Telegraph. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
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