Territorial Defence Student

Territorial defense students นักศึกษาวิชาทหาร (RTGS: Nak suek sa wicha thahan)
Official seal of the Territorial Defense Command
Active	1948 - Present
Country	Thailand
Branch	Royal Thai Army
Type	Military reserve force
Part of	Territorial Defense Command
Garrison/HQ	Reserve Affairs Center, Bangkok (13°44'46"N 100°29'42"E)
Nickname(s)	Rodo (ร.ด.)
Motto(s)	"แม้หวังตั้งสงบ จงเตรียมรบให้พร้อมสรรพ์ ศัตรูกล้ามาประจัน จะอาจสู้ริปูสลาย" ("Hope for peace, so be prepared for fight. No foe is more fearless than us.")
Colors	Khaki-Green
March	Territorial Defence Students' march (เราเหล่านักศึกษาวิชาทหาร)
Anniversaries	8 December
Engagements	Battle of Tha Nang Sang bridge
Commanders
Current commander	Major General Chlermpol Thammasuntorn (พลตรี เฉลิมพล ธรรมสุนทร)
Insignia
Regimental Insignia	Crossed swords under the Great Crown of Victory

Territorial defence students (Thai: นักศึกษาวิชาทหาร; rtgs: nak sueksa wicha thahan) are a military youth organization in Thailand under control of the Royal Thai Army, and recently the Royal Thai Navy and Royal Thai Air Force.

History

Colours of Provincial "Yuwachon Thahan" unit, a Thai military youth organization in 1934-1947.

Prior to World War II the Yuwachon Thahan (or "junior soldiers", Thai: ยุวชนทหาร) were established in 1934 by Field Marshal Luang Pibulsonggram. At the beginning of World War II junior soldiers were sent to fight troops of the Japanese Empire that invaded southern Thailand on 8 December 1941.

At the end of the war the junior soldiers were disbanded, but Lieutenant General Luang Chatnakrop (พล.ท. หลวงชาตินักรบ) created the territorial defence students to replace them in 1948. Today most students who participate in the reserve do so to avoid the chances of being drafted into the full-fledged military for about three years. Because of this, the requirements for admission have been made more stringent.

There were also rumors of a potential change of policy, wherein Grade-3 students would be required to serve, but for only 3–6 months or a year.

Requirements

1. Thai nationality
2. Age younger than 22 years
3. Approval of parents or guardians
4. A grade-point average above 2.50 or a certificate of passing senior scout
5. A certificate of health. People with disabilities, fatal sickness, disease, or eye problems such as color blindness are not allowed.
6. Body mass index of less than 30 (obesity)
7. Must have appropriate body height and size corresponding to age
8. Passing a fitness test of an 800-meter run in 3 minutes 15 seconds, 34 sit-ups in two minutes, and 22 push-ups in two minutes. Female applicants have more relaxed requirements.
9. Students are required to cut their hair so that the white of their scalp is visible on 3-sides, and a small patch of hair is visible on the top of the head.

Applicants who do not meet fitness test requirements are ranked by their scores. Applicants with higher scores have priority. Applicants who do not meet other criteria may be accepted in a case-by-case basis. If extra funding is available, more applicants are accepted.

After the tests are completed, those accepted are awarded a green beret.

Study

Royal Thai Army

Territorial defence students have to study 80 hours per year and attend a period of field training, but only common for grade 2 through grade 5 students. The students must be present for at least 80% of the course and are not allowed to skip any exams. By the end of every semester territorial defence students have to pass an exam to continue their study at the next grade.

Territorial defence students have to pass:

• Marksmanship test using a rifle, where the test parameters are related to grade
• Written test of 100 multiple-choice questions (only common for grade 3 through grade 5 students)
• Physical test covering procedures, use of tools, and discipline learned during the year

Territorial defence students have five grades:

• Students who complete grade 1 are equivalent to private first class and will halve their service period as a conscript.
• Students who complete grade 2 are equivalent to corporal and their service period will be only a quarter that of a non-military student.
• Students who complete grade 3 may request permission to use the title sergeant, and are exempt from conscription.
• Students who complete grade 4 are equivalent to master sergeant
• Students who complete grade 5 and their B.D. may ask for the title acting second lieutenant. Also, on the graduation from their university, they are allowed to dress in white officer's uniform and wear a sword.

Field training lengths (dependent on grade and gender of the student):

• Grade 2; male: at least three days
• Grade 3; male: at least five days
• Grade 4-5; male: at least seven days
• Grade 2-3; female: at least three days
• Grade 4-5; female: at least five days

All field training occurs at Khao Chon Kai Training Camp for Grade 2 and 3 students studying at a territorial defence training centre within the Bangkok Metropolitan Area or the central region of Thailand, and all Grade 4 and 5 students from throughout the country.

Royal Thai Navy

Territorial defence training was introduced in 2009 for the Royal Thai Navy, only for students and youth living nearby the Sattahip Naval Base in Chonburi Province. About 90 students are accepted each year and training is done at the Sattahip Naval Base. Upon reaching Grade 3, students will then further separate into one of the three smaller units operated separately by:

• The Royal Thai Marine Corps
• Coastal Defence Command
• Strategic Naval Command

Royal Thai Air Force

Territorial defence training was introduced in 2006 and available until Grade 5 by 2010 for the Royal Thai Air Force, only for students studying in polytechnic colleges within the locale of the Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base, Bangkok. Teh study will involve only about the mechanical side of the air force only.

Small arms

Name	Type	Caliber	Origin	Notes
Type 86	Semi-automatic pistol	.45 ACP	Thailand	M1911A1 pistols produced under license.
Type 11	Assault rifle	5.56mm	Thailand	Thai license produced version of the Heckler & Koch HK33. Used by territorial defence students.
M16A1/A2/A4	Assault rifle	5.56mm	United States	Standard infantry rifle. Aging M16A1 will be replaced by IMI Tavor TAR-21 and M16A4.
M4A1 Carbine	Assault rifle	5.56mm	United States	Used by special forces. Some were equipped with SOPMOD kit.
M1 Garand	Semi-automatic rifle	.30-06	United States	Locally known as the Type 88 self-loading rifle (ปลยบ.88). Used by Royal Guards and by territorial defence students as a non-firing training rifle.
M1/M2 Carbine	Semi-automatic rifle	.30	United States	Locally known as the Type 87 carbine (ปสบ. 87) Used by territorial defence students as a non-firing training rifle.
Type 66	Bolt-action rifle	6.5x50mm Arisaka	Thailand	Some document claim that it is Arisaka produced under license but another document claim that it origin from Switzerland. Locally known as the Type 66 self-loading rifle (ปลยบ.66).Used by territorial defence students as a non-firing training rifle
Springfield	Bolt-action rifle	.30-06 Springfield	United States	Used in small numbers and only some boot camp.
FN MINIMI	Light machine gun	5.56mm	Belgium
M60 machine gun	General purpose machine gun	7.62mm	United States	Former main GPMG being replaced by FN MAG 58
FN M2HB	Heavy machine gun	12.7mm	United States
M203	Underbarrel Grenade launcher		United States
M79	Single-shot grenade launcher		United States
M72 LAW	Shoulder-fired missile		United States
RPG-2	Rocket-propelled grenade		Soviet Union
RPG-7	Rocket-propelled grenade		Soviet Union

Uniform and insignia

Territorial defence students wear a khaki-green uniform and beret with Army Reserve Command insignia (Crossed swords under The great crown of victory) on their collar, beret, and belt. Territorial defence students distinguish their school and province by the school's coat of arms on the right shoulder, and provincial badge on left breast.

Special training

About 200 4th grade territorial defence students who pass the physical test are allowed to enter the parasail training course. There are rumors that the Reserve Affairs Center had suspended parasail training until further notice due to lack of funding.^[1]

Battle of Tha Nang Sang Bridge

On the first day of the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia (8 December 1941), the Japanese Army sent troops to many parts of Chumphon Province. At Ma Hat Bay (อ่าวมะหาด), the Japanese forces landed on beaches stretching from Ban Pak Nam Chumphon (บ้านปากน้ำชุมพร) to Ban Kho Son (บ้านคอสน). The 38th Infantry Battalion of the Royal Thai Army, about 17 km away, was too far away to intercept the initial invaders in time. As a result, roughly 100 of the reserve students and the local police force had to hold the numerically superior Japanese army at bay from positions on the west side of Tha Nang Sang Bridge until the 38th Infantry could arrive.

The force of reserve students and policemen sent their 1st Light Machine Gun Company across the bridge at 08:00. They then went through Wat Tha Yang Tai to block any Japanese reinforcements. The commander of 38th Infantry wished to send his 4th Heavy Machine Gun Company across the bridge to protect the government buildings on the Tha Taphoa River, but the Japanese troops fired upon the Thai defenders from the other side of the river. The reserve students, under command of Captain Thawin Niyomsen (ร้อยเอกถวิล นิยมเสน), commander of the Chumphon Junior Soldiers Training Centre, charged cross the bridge to seize strategic points on the east side. Under heavy Japanese fire, Captain Thawin was killed when he attempted to find a new position for his light machine gun squad. The remaining students, now headed by Sergeant Samran Khuanphan (สิบเอกสำราญ ควรพันธ์) from the training centre, were able to maintain their position, and waited for friendly reinforcements. Thailand, however, surrendered to Japan before noon.

References

External links

• Thai Army Reserve Command Center
• Reserve Affairs Center
• Territorial Defence School
• Reserve Affairs School