Conversion of units of temperature

This is a compendium of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.

Celsius (centigrade)

from Celsius to Celsius
Fahrenheit [°F] = [°C] ×  9⁄5 + 32 [°C] = ([°F] − 32) ×  5⁄9
Kelvin [K] = [°C] + 273.15 [°C] = [K] − 273.15
Rankine [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) ×  9⁄5 [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  5⁄9
Delisle [°De] = (100 − [°C]) ×  3⁄2 [°C] = 100 − [°De] ×  2⁄3
Newton [°N] = [°C] ×  33⁄100 [°C] = [°N] ×  100⁄33
Réaumur [°Ré] = [°C] ×  4⁄5 [°C] = [°Ré] ×  5⁄4
Rømer [°Rø] = [°C] ×  21⁄40 + 7.5 [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  40⁄21

Fahrenheit

from Fahrenheit to Fahrenheit
Celsius [°C] = ([°F] − 32) ×  5⁄9 [°F] = [°C] ×  9⁄5 + 32
Kelvin [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) ×  5⁄9 [°F] = [K] ×  9⁄5 − 459.67
Rankine [°R] = [°F] + 459.67 [°F] = [°R] − 459.67
Delisle [°De] = (212 − [°F]) ×  5⁄6 [°F] = 212 − [°De] ×  6⁄5
Newton [°N] = ([°F] − 32) ×  11⁄60 [°F] = [°N] ×  60⁄11 + 32
Réaumur [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) ×  4⁄9 [°F] = [°Ré] ×  9⁄4 + 32
Rømer [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) ×  7⁄24 + 7.5 [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  24⁄7 + 32

Kelvin

from Kelvin to Kelvin
Celsius [°C] = [K] − 273.15 [K] = [°C] + 273.15
Fahrenheit [°F] = [K] ×  9⁄5 − 459.67 [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) ×  5⁄9
Rankine [°R] = [K] ×  9⁄5 [K] = [°R] ×  5⁄9
Delisle [°De] = (373.15 − [K]) ×  3⁄2 [K] = 373.15 − [°De] ×  2⁄3
Newton [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  33⁄100 [K] = [°N] ×  100⁄33 + 273.15
Réaumur [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  4⁄5 [K] = [°Ré] ×  5⁄4 + 273.15
Rømer [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  21⁄40 + 7.5 [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  40⁄21 + 273.15

Rankine

from Rankine to Rankine
Celsius [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  5⁄9 [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) ×  9⁄5
Fahrenheit [°F] = [°R] − 459.67 [°R] = [°F] + 459.67
Kelvin [K] = [°R] ×  5⁄9 [°R] = [K] ×  9⁄5
Delisle [°De] = (671.67 − [°R]) ×  5⁄6 [°R] = 671.67 − [°De] ×  6⁄5
Newton [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  11⁄60 [°R] = [°N] ×  60⁄11 + 491.67
Réaumur [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  4⁄9 [°R] = [°Ré] ×  9⁄4 + 491.67
Rømer [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  7⁄24 + 7.5 [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  24⁄7 + 491.67

Delisle

from Delisle to Delisle
Celsius [°C] = 100 − [°De] ×  2⁄3 [°De] = (100 − [°C]) ×  3⁄2
Fahrenheit [°F] = 212 − [°De] ×  6⁄5 [°De] = (212 − [°F]) ×  5⁄6
Kelvin [K] = 373.15 − [°De] ×  2⁄3 [°De] = (373.15 − [K]) ×  3⁄2
Rankine [°R] = 671.67 − [°De] ×  6⁄5 [°De] = (671.67 − [°R]) ×  5⁄6
Newton [°N] = 33 − [°De] ×  11⁄50 [°De] = (33 − [°N]) ×  50⁄11
Réaumur [°Ré] = 80 − [°De] ×  8⁄15 [°De] = (80 − [°Ré]) ×  15⁄8
Rømer [°Rø] = 60 − [°De] ×  7⁄20 [°De] = (60 − [°Rø]) ×  20⁄7

Newton

from Newton to Newton
Celsius [°C] = [°N] ×  100⁄33 [°N] = [°C] ×  33⁄100
Fahrenheit [°F] = [°N] ×  60⁄11 + 32 [°N] = ([°F] − 32) ×  11⁄60
Kelvin [K] = [°N] ×  100⁄33 + 273.15 [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  33⁄100
Rankine [°R] = [°N] ×  60⁄11 + 491.67 [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  11⁄60
Delisle [°De] = (33 − [°N]) ×  50⁄11 [°N] = 33 − [°De] ×  11⁄50
Réaumur [°Ré] = [°N] ×  80⁄33 [°N] = [°Ré] ×  33⁄80
Rømer [°Rø] = [°N] ×  35⁄22 + 7.5 [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  22⁄35

Réaumur

from Réaumur to Réaumur
Celsius [°C] = [°Ré] ×  5⁄4 [°Ré] = [°C] ×  4⁄5
Fahrenheit [°F] = [°Ré] ×  9⁄4 + 32 [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) ×  4⁄9
Kelvin [K] = [°Ré] ×  5⁄4 + 273.15 [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  4⁄5
Rankine [°R] = [°Ré] ×  9⁄4 + 491.67 [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  4⁄9
Delisle [°De] = (80 − [°Ré]) ×  15⁄8 [°Ré] = 80 − [°De] ×  8⁄15
Newton [°N] = [°Ré] ×  33⁄80 [°Ré] = [°N] ×  80⁄33
Rømer [°Rø] = [°Ré] ×  21⁄32 + 7.5 [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  32⁄21

Rømer

from Rømer to Rømer
Celsius [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  40⁄21 [°Rø] = [°C] ×  21⁄40 + 7.5
Fahrenheit [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  24⁄7 + 32 [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) ×  7⁄24 + 7.5
Kelvin [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  40⁄21 + 273.15 [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) ×  21⁄40 + 7.5
Rankine [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  24⁄7 + 491.67 [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) ×  7⁄24 + 7.5
Delisle [°De] = (60 − [°Rø]) ×  20⁄7 [°Rø] = 60 − [°De] ×  7⁄20
Newton [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  22⁄35 [°Rø] = [°N] ×  35⁄22 + 7.5
Réaumur [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×  32⁄21 [°Rø] = [°Ré] ×  21⁄32 + 7.5

Comparison

Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer
500.00 932.00 773.15 1391.67 −600.00 165.00 400.00 270.00
490.00 914.00 763.15 1373.67 −585.00 161.70 392.00 264.75
480.00 896.00 753.15 1355.67 −570.00 158.40 384.00 259.50
470.00 878.00 743.15 1337.67 −555.00 155.10 376.00 254.25
460.00 860.00 733.15 1319.67 −540.00 151.80 368.00 249.00
450.00 842.00 723.15 1301.67 −525.00 148.50 360.00 243.75
440.00 824.00 713.15 1283.67 −510.00 145.20 352.00 238.50
430.00 806.00 703.15 1265.67 −495.00 141.90 344.00 233.25
420.00 788.00 693.15 1247.67 −480.00 138.60 336.00 228.00
410.00 770.00 683.15 1229.67 −465.00 135.30 328.00 222.75
400.00 752.00 673.15 1211.67 −450.00 132.00 320.00 217.50
390.00 734.00 663.15 1193.67 −435.00 128.70 312.00 212.25
380.00 716.00 653.15 1175.67 −420.00 125.40 304.00 207.00
370.00 698.00 643.15 1157.67 −405.00 122.10 296.00 201.75
360.00 680.00 633.15 1139.67 −390.00 118.80 288.00 196.50
350.00 662.00 623.15 1121.67 −375.00 115.50 280.00 191.25
340.00 644.00 613.15 1103.67 −360.00 112.20 272.00 186.00
330.00 626.00 603.15 1085.67 −345.00 108.90 264.00 180.75
320.00 608.00 593.15 1067.67 −330.00 105.60 256.00 175.50
310.00 590.00 583.15 1049.67 −315.00 102.30 248.00 170.25
300.00 572.00 573.15 1031.67 −300.00 99.00 240.00 165.00
290.00 554.00 563.15 1013.67 −285.00 95.70 232.00 159.75
280.00 536.00 553.15 995.67 −270.00 92.40 224.00 154.50
270.00 518.00 543.15 977.67 −255.00 89.10 216.00 149.25
260.00 500.00 533.15 959.67 −240.00 85.80 208.00 144.00
250.00 482.00 523.15 941.67 −225.00 82.50 200.00 138.75
240.00 464.00 513.15 923.67 −210.00 79.20 192.00 133.50
230.00 446.00 503.15 905.67 −195.00 75.90 184.00 128.25
220.00 428.00 493.15 887.67 −180.00 72.60 176.00 123.00
210.00 410.00 483.15 869.67 −165.00 69.30 168.00 117.75
200.00 392.00 473.15 851.67 −150.00 66.00 160.00 112.50
190.00 374.00 463.15 833.67 −135.00 62.70 152.00 107.25
180.00 356.00 453.15 815.67 −120.00 59.40 144.00 102.00
170.00 338.00 443.15 797.67 −105.00 56.10 136.00 96.75
160.00 320.00 433.15 779.67 −90.00 52.80 128.00 91.50
150.00 302.00 423.15 761.67 −75.00 49.50 120.00 86.25
140.00 284.00 413.15 743.67 −60.00 46.20 112.00 81.00
130.00 266.00 403.15 725.67 −45.00 42.90 104.00 75.75
120.00 248.00 393.15 707.67 −30.00 39.60 96.00 70.50
110.00 230.00 383.15 689.67 −15.00 36.30 88.00 65.25
100.00 212.00 373.15 671.67 0.00 33.00 80.00 60.00
90.00 194.00 363.15 653.67 15.00 29.70 72.00 54.75
80.00 176.00 353.15 635.67 30.00 26.40 64.00 49.50
70.00 158.00 343.15 617.67 45.00 23.10 56.00 44.25
60.00 140.00 333.15 599.67 60.00 19.80 48.00 39.00
50.00 122.00 323.15 581.67 75.00 16.50 40.00 33.75
40.00 104.00 313.15 563.67 90.00 13.20 32.00 28.50
30.00 86.00 303.15 545.67 105.00 9.90 24.00 23.25
20.00 68.00 293.15 527.67 120.00 6.60 16.00 18.00
10.00 50.00 283.15 509.67 135.00 3.30 8.00 12.75
0.00 32.00 273.15 491.67 150.00 0.00 0.00 7.50
−10.00 14.00 263.15 473.67 165.00 −3.30 −8.00 2.25
−20.00 −4.00 253.15 455.67 180.00 −6.60 −16.00 −3.00
−30.00 −22.00 243.15 437.67 195.00 −9.90 −24.00 −8.25
−40.00 −40.00 233.15 419.67 210.00 −13.20 −32.00 −13.50
−50.00 −58.00 223.15 401.67 225.00 −16.50 −40.00 −18.75
−60.00 −76.00 213.15 383.67 240.00 −19.80 −48.00 −24.00
−70.00 −94.00 203.15 365.67 255.00 −23.10 −56.00 −29.25
−80.00 −112.00 193.15 347.67 270.00 −26.40 −64.00 −34.50
−90.00 −130.00 183.15 329.67 285.00 −29.70 −72.00 −39.75
−100.00 −148.00 173.15 311.67 300.00 −33.00 −80.00 −45.00
−110.00 −166.00 163.15 293.67 315.00 −36.30 −88.00 −50.25
−120.00 −184.00 153.15 275.67 330.00 −39.60 −96.00 −55.50
−130.00 −202.00 143.15 257.67 345.00 −42.90 −104.00 −60.75
−140.00 −220.00 133.15 239.67 360.00 −46.20 −112.00 −66.00
−150.00 −238.00 123.15 221.67 375.00 −49.50 −120.00 −71.25
−160.00 −256.00 113.15 203.67 390.00 −52.80 −128.00 −76.50
−170.00 −274.00 103.15 185.67 405.00 −56.10 −136.00 −81.75
−180.00 −292.00 93.15 167.67 420.00 −59.40 −144.00 −87.00
−190.00 −310.00 83.15 149.67 435.00 −62.70 −152.00 −92.25
−200.00 −328.00 73.15 131.67 450.00 −66.00 −160.00 −97.50
−210.00 −346.00 63.15 113.67 465.00 −69.30 −168.00 −102.75
−220.00 −364.00 53.15 95.67 480.00 −72.60 −176.00 −108.00
−230.00 −382.00 43.15 77.67 495.00 −75.90 −184.00 −113.25
−240.00 −400.00 33.15 59.67 510.00 −79.20 −192.00 −118.50
−250.00 −418.00 23.15 41.67 525.00 −82.50 −200.00 −123.75
−260.00 −436.00 13.15 23.67 540.00 −85.80 −208.00 −129.00
−270.00 −454.00 3.15 5.67 555.00 −89.10 −216.00 −134.25
−273.15 −459.67 0.00 0.00 559.725 −90.1395 −218.52 −135.90375
Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer

Comparison of temperature scales

Comparison of temperature scales
Comment Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer
Absolute zero 0.00 −273.15 −459.67 0.00 559.73 −90.14 −218.52 −135.90
Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] 184 −89.2[1] −128.6[1] 331 284 −29 −71 −39
Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture 255.37 −17.78 0.00 459.67 176.67 −5.87 −14.22 −1.83
Ice melts (at standard pressure) 273.15 0.00 32.00 491.67 150.00 0.00 0.00 7.50
Triple point of water 273.16 0.01 32.018 491.688 149.985 0.0033 0.008 7.50525
Average surface temperature on Earth 288 15 59 519 128 5 12 15
Average human body temperature* 310 37 98 558 95 12 29 27
Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] 331 58[2] 136.4[2] 596 63 19 46 38
Water boils (at standard pressure) 373.1339[3] 99.9839[3] 211.97102[4] 671.64102[4] 0.00 33.00 80.00 60.00
Titanium melts 1941 1668 3034 3494 −2352 550 1334 883
The surface of the Sun 5800 5500 9900 10400 −8100 1800 4400 2900

* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.[5]

Some numbers in this table have been rounded.

Graphical representation

Comparison of temperature scales blank.svg
 Rankine (°R)
Kelvin (K)
Fahrenheit (°F)
Celsius (°C)
Réaumur (°Ré)
Rømer (°Rø)
Newton (°N)
Delisle (°D)
  Absolute zero Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture Melting point of ice (at standard pressure) Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C) Average human body temperature (37 °C) Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] Boiling point of water (at standard pressure)    

Conversion table between different temperature units

Kelvin
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Rankine scale
Rømer scale
Newton scale
Delisle scale
Réaumur scale

See also

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researches of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
  2. 1 2 3 4 World: Highest Temperature Archived January 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.; an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."
  3. 1 2 http://chemistry.uah.edu/Faculty/shriver/supplements/Temperature%20scales.pdf%5B%5D The University of Alabama in Huntsville – Temperature scales – Celsius, centigrade, and kelvin
  4. 1 2 http://www.tampile.com/scales.php Tampile – Temperature Conversion Scales
  5. ↑ "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
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