Telesur (TV channel)

Telesur
Launched 24 July 2005 (2005-07-24) (SD)
24 July 2017 (2017-07-24) (HD)
Owned by Governments of Venezuela, Cuba, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Uruguay
Picture format 480i (4:3 SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Slogan Nuestro norte es el Sur
("Our north is the South")
Language Spanish
English
Portuguese (for Brazil only)
Broadcast area Americas
Europe
Northern Africa
Affiliates Venezolana de Televisión
TV Pública Digital
Cubavision International
Ecuador TV
TV Boliviana
Multinoticias
Uruguay National Television
Headquarters Caracas, Venezuela
Website www.telesurtv.net/english
Availability
Terrestrial
Local UHF Venezuela Channel 43 (Puerto La Cruz)
Channel 46 (Valencia)
Channels 49, 51 (Caracas)
Channel 51 (Barquisimeto)
Local UHF
Ecuador		 Channel 21 (Quevedo, Riobamba, Salinas)
Channel 22 (Ambato, Manta, Portoviejo)
Channel 23 (Cuenca, Loja)
Channel 34 (Guayaquil)
Channel 48 (Quito)
Satellite
Astra 1L Europe, North Africa 11377 V / 22000 / 5/6 (HD)
Astra 1L Europe, North Africa 11068 V / 22000 / 2/3 (SD)
Hispasat 30W-5 10770 H / 30000 / 5/6 (HD)
Hispasat 30W-5 10890 V / 27500 / 3/4 (SD)
Hot Bird Europe 11727 V / 27500 / 3/4 (SD)
SES-6 Americas 4119 R / 2960 / 3/4 (SD / C-Band)
SES-6 Americas 4139 R / 4165 / 2/3 (HD / C-Band)
Digital+ Spain Channel 156
DirecTV All South America Channel 722
Movistar TV Digital Venezuela Channel 131
Telefónica TV Digital South America Channel 451
TV Vlaanderen Digitaal Belgium Channel 303
Sky Digital Channel 916
Venesat-1 Americas 3838 V / 6670 / 3/4 (SD / C-Band)
ARSAT-1 Argentina 11670 V / 30000 / 5/6 (SD)
Cable
AMNET
El Salvador
Honduras		 Channel 72
Cabovisão Portugal Channel 133 (digital)
Cable Mágico Perú Channel 102 (analog)
Channel 814 (digital)
Estesa Nicaragua Channel 97
Intercable Venezuela Channel 76
NetUno Venezuela Channel 14
Supercable Venezuela Channel 45
TV-Cable Ecuador Channel 51
NOS Portugal Channel 223
Streaming media
teleSURtv.net teleSUR Videos: Live news and high quality recordings database
Livestation TeleSUR Spanish

Telesur (stylised as teleSUR) is multi-State funded, pan–Latin American terrestrial and satellite television network sponsored by the governments of Venezuela, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and Bolivia that is headquartered in Caracas, Venezuela. Telesur was launched with the objective of providing information to promote the integration of Latin America.[1]

  Latin American countries sponsoring Telesur

La Nueva Televisora del Sur, C.A. is a public company which has various Latin American governments as its sponsors. Its primary sponsor is the Government of Venezuela while other governments such as Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and Bolivia contribute as well; formerly, Argentina was its second main sponsor.

The channel's news agenda was originally dictated by its Board of Directors with the aid of an advisory council, which is formed by many international and regional leftist intellectuals, including Nobel Peace Prize winner Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, poet Ernesto Cardenal, writers Eduardo Galeano, Tariq Ali, Saul Landau, editor-in-chief of Le Monde diplomatique and historian Ignacio Ramonet, Argentine film producer Tristán Bauer, free software pioneer Richard Stallman and US actor and activist Danny Glover. The network carries no commercial advertising.

Richard Stallman later resigned on 26 February 2011, criticising what he called the channel's pro-Gaddafi stance during the Libyan Civil War.[2]

History

Founding

The founder of Telesur was Aram Aharonian, a journalist and scholar who left Uruguay due to right-wing pressure.[3] Aharonian stated that the idea of Telesur was "to see ourselves as we truly were", stating that he sought more diversity in the media.[3] After Aharonian resigned from his position as the network's director in 2013, he commented in a 2014 interview that Telesur "did not achieve latinamericanization and continued to be Venezuelan".[4]

The proposed alternative Latin American television network that would become Telesur took shape on January 24, 2005, as part of the projects approved in a council of ministers of the Venezuelan government.[5] According to The Boston Globe, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, whom they described as a "media savvy, forward-thinking propagandist," was able to fund 70% of Telesur's functions while also providing broadcasting facilities, with other leftist governments supporting the network as well, advertising it "as a Latin socialist answer to CNN."[6] Telesur began broadcasting on a limited, four-hour schedule on July 24, 2005, on the 222nd birthday of Latin American leader Simón Bolívar. The network began full-time broadcasts on October 31, 2005.

Incorporation process of the sponsor countries

Uruguay

The process of integration of Uruguay to Telesur was long and controversial. On March 3, 2005 Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez signed several agreements with then-recently elected Uruguayan president Tabaré Vázquez regarding the energetic and communicational integration of both countries, one of them being the joint creation and financing of Telesur. After just under a year of signing the agreements, they had not been carried out, although the party of President Vázquez was a majority in the country's legislative branch. Venezuelan journalist Andrés Izarra, president of Telesur, confirmed in an interview in January 2006 the delay in the approval of the full incorporation of the country to the network: "There is a special situation (in Uruguay), because although the country is a member of Telesur, until their Congress does not approve it, we can't broadcast the channel locally or receive government funding. The situation requires a political decision and we hope that the government of Tabaré Vázquez support the initiative".[7] The president of the Uruguayan Deputies' Education Commission, Jorge Brovetto confirmed in February of that year the country still wasn't part of the network's sponsors and asked that, until the parliament has not decided on a final status, the removal of the country's name as sponsor from its promotions and the website.[8] In June of that year, and as the nation's Minister of Education and Culture, Brovetto expressed worries regarding the network's editorial line on certain issues and governments in the region, and how the diplomacy of his country could be affected by it.[9] Uruguay's Chamber of Senators approved the bill that would ratify the agreements on August 8, 2006 by votes of the legislators belonging to ruling party, but the Chamber of Deputies postponed several times the debate on the draft.[10] Although sources close to the Congress told the press in February 2009 that the issue of incorporation to Telesur "was not a priority item in their agenda", and that the issue would not be discussed during the remainder of that year,[11] the agreement was finally ratified on June 2, 2009.[12]

Controversies

Advertisements

While promoting an ad campaign for the Government of Venezuela, Telesur used a photo on Twitter of Miami Herald reporter Jim Wyss arriving at the Miami International Airport after being arrested by Venezuelan authorities and interrogated by SEBIN, with the Telesur Twitter campaign stating, "We love Venezuela for receiving foreigners like one of our own."[13][14][15][16] The incident became popular in the international media since they found the use of the photo ironic due to the circumstances surrounding it.[13][14][15][16] Telesur later removed the photo from their Twitter.[14]

Human rights

Americas director of Human Rights Watch, Jose Miguel Vivanco, opposed the creation of Telesur.[17] In 2005, Vivanco stated, "If the shareholders of this company belong to a government like Cuba where they have no basic concept of free speech and zero tolerance for independent views, God help us".[17][18] Human Rights Watch also criticized the Venezuelan government in 2008 for preventing the freedom of expression of private media by blocking their expansion while strengthening the presence of Telesur and other government media in the country.[19] Telesur has criticized human rights arguing in an article titled How Human Rights Sell War that "the industry and ideology of human rights has been used to justify imperialism and undermine the European and North American left".[20]

Following the election of Mauricio Macri as President of Argentina, Macri and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro engaged in disputes over Venezuela's human rights, with the Argentine government later pulling its funding of Telesur in March 2016 alleging that Telesur "blocks alternative viewpoints".[21]

Journalists and staff

Fredy Muñoz Altamiranda

In late 2006, the then correspondent of Telesur in Colombia, Fredy Muñoz Altamiranda, was arrested on November 19 on charges of rebellion and terrorism. The journalist was accused of being "Jorge Eliécer", a leader of the FARC guerrilla group held responsible for various terrorist attacks. The prosecution cited the testimonies of jailed guerrillas against the journalist. Múñoz's defense argued that the testimonies which implicated him were inconsistent and denounced procedural irregularities after the moment of his arrest. One of the jailed guerrillas claimed that "Jorge Eliécer" suffered several burns on his body due to an accidental bomb explosion. According to Telesur, the journalist was subjected to physical analysis which determined that there were no injuries in his body matching those described by the witness, and another guerrilla later stated he had been pressured to declare against Múñoz by members of the Colombian Navy's intelligence branch.[22]

Múñoz was released on January 10, 2007, after which he declared that "when I left the prison, less than an hour after leaving, two agents visited the jail and asked in an aggressive manner to officials of the prison where I was going to [and] what was my itinerary after leaving prison."[23] Muñoz Altamiranda said that he feared for his life after being released due to subsequent threats.[24] Reporters Without Borders had questioned the evidence against Múñoz and called his imprisonment an "outrage" and an "abuse", arguing that the Colombian government could be acting against press freedom if the journalist had been jailed due to his work or because of past Telesur interviews with Colombian guerrillas. The Inter American Press Association also criticized his detention and asked for the respect of due process.[25][26]

William Parra

Noted Colombian journalist William Parra, a former Reuters correspondent, worked for Telesur full-time from 2006 to 2008. He was forced to seek political asylum in Venezuela after being charged with links with the FARC. He denies the accusations, and said in September 2010 that his lawyers had received death threats.

Edgardo Esteban

Telesur correspondent in Argentina, Edgardo Esteban, was awakened the morning on September 11, 2008, by the detonation of a homemade bomb of low intensity in front of his home.[27] The journalist had received several threats because of his work on torture and corruption of Argentine military during the Falklands War. The Latin American Federation of Journalists,[28] the Forum of Argentine Journalism[29] and the Inter American Press Association[30] expressed its rejection to any situations that put at risk the life of the journalist and demanded from the national and provincial authorities to work "so that intimidation against journalists will not happen again". Esteban expressed concern for his life and his family after the attack.

Elena Rodríguez

Telesur correspondent in Ecuador, Elena Rodríguez, was beaten and robbed in Quito on September 19, 2009, by a group of three people who left a pamphlet in which she received death threats because of her journalistic work for the channel.[31] The journalist had received death threats before.[32]

2009 Honduras coup coverage

A group of Telesur and Venezuelan state media journalists were in Honduras on 28 June 2009 to cover the events in relation to a non-binding referendum on the possibility of changes to the constitution of Honduras. As soon as they learned that soldiers of the Honduran military ousted President Manuel Zelaya in a coup and exiled him to Costa Rica the staff stayed in the country to cover all events after the coup.

A day after the coup Telesur journalist Adriana Sívori and the crew that was accompanying her was arrested by the military with several other international journalists under threat, and retained their passports.[33] As soon as the world learned of the detention, the journalists and their staff were quickly released. Sívori was reportedly assaulted by the soldiers who detained her. Telesur was, until the detention and quick release of journalist Sívori the only international channel that was broadcasting live the unrest in the streets of Tegucigalpa.[34] The coverage of the coup by the channel, according to supporters of ousted President Manuel Zelaya and several social and sindical organizations, was essential to make the world and, to some extent, the Honduran people know "without censorships" the situation in the country and President Zelaya's whereabouts.[35]

On June 30, several social organizations and journalistic unions in Venezuela took part in a march to the channel's studios in solidarity with the journalists.[36]

On July 12, the Telesur crew, which were working together with the Venezuelan state media's were arrested at dawn by police in the hotel where they were staying. After a rigorous review of their documents and after being warned that if they continued their work in the country their personal safety was at risk the crews were released but banned from leaving the hotel.[37][38] The teams decided to leave the country after concluding that it was not possible to continue their work. Telesur sent a press statement expressing that the channel would make "further efforts to ensure accurate, timely and uncensored accurate information for the world and for the Honduran people, in such a complex historical circumstances." The Latin American Federation of Journalists, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter American Press Association condemned what they considered an attempt to stifle the free flow of information on the situation in the country.[39][40]

Telesur criticised the communiqué published by the Inter American Press Association, claiming that "it underestimates with great severity the risks to the life of the teams of reporters and technicians in Honduras by the threats of the repressive forces of a government unrecognized by several international organizations and countries in the world", the "implicit legitimacy" given to the de facto government and the criticizing of the governments of Venezuela and Nicaragua, sponsors of the channel, for allegedly "restricting press freedom".[41]

On September 25, Telesur journalists claimed they had been attacked with high-frequency radiation and mind-altering gas along with other international journalists accompanying Manuel Zelaya during his entrenchment in the Brazilian embassy after returning to the country on Sept. 21.[42][43]

Telesur reported on October 9 that their media staff who were covering the stay of President Manuel Zelaya in the Brazilian Embassy in Tegucigalpa since his arrival on September 21, were forced to leave by "the progressive deterioration of their health due to a systematic plan of repression carried out by the de facto authorities".[44]

Distribution

Telesur is available free-to-air via satellite to Latin America, the United States, Western Europe, and Northern Africa. The network's availability through cable television has been very limited in Latin America because of the network's editorial approach to several events and governments in the region; the station manager in 2007, Aram Arahonian said in an interview that "cable owners do not provide us with any access [...] it's not frequent, but it has affected us in the large countries.

According to Christopher Walker of the US government-funded National Endowment for Democracy, in the Journal of Democracy, Telesur is described as Venezuela's "authoritarian media outlet" that has the ability to take advantage of both domestic and foreign media due to the censorship under regimes in native countries and the openness of democratic nations to which it broadcasts.[45]

South America

The availability of the channel via terrestrial television is very limited in the vast majority of South American countries. The only countries in the region that receive all of Telesur's broadcasts via terrestrial television are Venezuela and Ecuador, whose governments are sponsors of the channel. Telesur is currently available via Digital Terrestrial Television in Argentina, as part of the Government-sponsored channel line-up which includes several other public service, educational, music, sports, and news channels. Venezuela started broadcasting Telesur via terrestrial television on February 9, 2007[46] and Ecuador on July 15, 2009.[47] The rest of the sponsor countries broadcast some of the networks' programs, mainly the news, in their public and educational channels (see list of sister channels).[48]

The network started in February 2008 to broadcast some news programming to Brazil in Portuguese through several community stations in the state of Paraná.[49]

Cuba

Although Telesur has Cuba as one of its main funders and suppliers of programming, the channel is not completely available in the country. It was not until late 2007 that its programming is broadcast daily on the island, but only from 22:30 until 8:00 the following day via Canal Educativo 2, a educational television channel.[50] From 20 January 2013, live simulcasting of Telesur has been extended and now occurs daily from 20:00 until 16:30.[51][52] Until January 2013 some of Telesur's programming was broadcast in Cuba during the day on that channel but as a one-hour, highly edited mix of its news and documentary programmes titled 'Lo mejor de Telesur' (The Best of Telesur).[53] and, depending on the topic in the program, Mesa Redonda Internacional, a news and opinion program that's produced for Telesur by the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television. According to the Swedish analyst Nathan Shachar, in this way, the Cuban government censors any information that is not to the liking of its "political system",[54] which includes "free elections, multiparty, strikes and protest movements that are non-existent on the island".[55][56]

Africa

On September 27, 2009, Telesur president and Venezuelan official Andrés Izarra announced an agreement with public TV stations in Mozambique, Angola and Guinea Bissau to broadcast some of the channel programming in Portuguese in the context of the Second Africa-South America Summit, held in Venezuela.[57]

Additional language versions

As part of the U.S. media coverage of the 2014 Venezuela protests and after his interview with Christiane Amanpour for CNN, President Nicolas Maduro announced on March 8 that on July 24, coinciding with Simón Bolívar Day, Telesur would launch in English, French and Portuguese.[58]

Telesur English

In July 2014, an English Telesur website was launched. A 24-hour broadcast channel started in July 2015.[59]

HD

High-definition (HD) tests started in March 2017 via satellite using SES-6-capacities. The official HDTV launch took place on 24 July 2017.

Programming

The current (July 2012) news ident

Current programming

  • Telesur Noticias (News from the South): Current affairs Latin American news program from the network's headquarters in Caracas, Venezuela with 11 permanent correspondents and 12 collaborators in several countries throughout the region.
  • El Mundo Hoy (The World today): Extended morning edition of Telesur Noticias.
  • Conexión Global (Global Connection): Extended midday edition of Telesur Noticias.
  • Edición Central (Central Edition): Extended evening edition of Telesur Noticias.
  • Deportes Telesur (Telesur Sports): Sports News Show.
  • Reportajes Telesur (Telesur reports): Weekly analytical program about Latin America's most important current events.
  • Agenda Abierta: A news and interviews program hosted by Argentine journalist Lourdes Zuazo about Latin America's current events, now as a segment of El Mundo Hoy.
  • Dossier: An international news program hosted by Venezuelan journalist Walter Martínez on weekdays at night. This program is also broadcast on Venezuelan State TV.
  • Impacto Económico (Economical Impact): Business and economical news, hosted by journalist Mario López.
  • Mesa Redonda Internacional: Political and social analysis program, broadcast on Tuesday and Thursday nights, live from Havana, Cuba.
  • Síntesis: Summary of top stories of the week, broadcast on Saturdays mornings.
  • Maestra Vida: Biographies of Latin American personalities.

Cancelled programmes

Notes

Telesur's programming is organised by a Strategic Programming Committee'[5] The networks' website contains a daily schedule of its programming.

Reception

In 2005 after Telesur was founded, it was described as being a network showing the diversity of Latin America.[3] Telesur also "won praise for its high production values and its intensive reporting about Latin America for Latin Americans".[61] After 2007 however, some began to believe that Telesur appeared to be a propaganda tool for Hugo Chávez and his Bolivarian Revolution, with the network being described as "a mouthpiece for Chávez".[62][63][64][3] According to Aram Aharonian, the founder of Telesur, Chávez "took the reins" of Telesur and used "propaganda as rolling news", with Aharonian being removed from Telesur in December 2008 by former Venezuelan Minister of Popular Power for Communication and Information Andres Izarra.[3] The network has also been described as having leftist views representing its sponsorship nations; Argentina, Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Uruguay and Venezuela.[61] Joel D. Hirst, a former International Affairs Fellow in Residence of the Council on Foreign Relations, stated that the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA), knowing the importance of propaganda, "embarked upon an ambitious plan to control information across the hemisphere" and began their plan with the creation of Telesur in 2005.[65]

According to Telesur, a few hours after their founding, Richard Lugar, then chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, began a "game of warnings and threats" against the new channel.[66] Three days before Telesur began broadcasting 24 hour programs, the United States House of Representatives included an amendment to Resolution 2601 introduced by Connie Mack IV, a Republican from Florida's 14th congressional district, which tentatively authorized "to fund activities which support political parties, the rule of law, civil society, an independent media, and otherwise promote democratic, accountable governance in Venezuela."[67][68] The Venezuelan government replied to the U.S. reaction through its ambassador in Washington, D.C., Bernardo Álvarez saying that "in Venezuela there are 48 channels of free access to anyone with a television set and a small antenna. Only two of them belong to the government. You can also receive more than 120 channels from four continents."[69] The chairman of the US Broadcasting Board of Governors, which runs Voice of America broadcasts in Latin America, Walter Isaacson said that the US could not be "out-communicated" by what he called enemies such as Telesur.[70]

In June, 2016, the Argentine government announced that it would no longer support Telesur broadcasting. Thus Argentina became the first founding member of Telesur to discontinue such participation, although Telesur content is still widely available in Argentina via internet.

See also

References

  1. ↑ ) Archived August 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ 2010: November - February Political Notes - Richard Stallman
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Rory, Carroll, (2014). Comandante : Hugo Chavez's Venezuela. Penguin Books: New York. pp. 195–196. ISBN 0143124889.
  4. ↑ "Aram Aharonian: “Telesur no logró ser latinoamericano, sigue siendo venezolano”" (in Spanish). La Gaceta. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Aprobada creación de la Televisora del Sur, C.A." (in Spanish). Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela. 24 January 2005. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
  6. ↑ Lakshmanan, Indira (27 July 2005). "Channeling his energies Venezuelans riveted by president's TV show". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  7. ↑ "Entrevista al presidente de Telesur, Andrés Izarra" NuestraAmérica.info, January 20, 2006 (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 18, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  8. ↑ "El Parlamento discutió la integración del país a Telesur y la situación del Canal 5" Diario La República, February 16, 2006 (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 18, 2009)
  9. ↑ "Brovetto: En Telesur "Uruguay es responsable de lo que produce y participa", pero no de la eventual línea editorial" Diario La República, June 30, 2006 (in Spanish) (Retrieved February 9, 2009)
  10. ↑ "Diputados aplazó votación sobre la Red Telesur" Diario La República, May 14, 2008 (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 18, 2009)
  11. ↑ "Uruguay no se integrará este año a directiva de Telesur" Aporrea.org, February 24, 2009 (Retrieved February 27, 2009)
  12. ↑ "Uruguay se integra a la multiestatal Telesur" Telesur, June 2, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 2, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  13. 1 2 Neuman, William (30 January 2015). "Odd Photo Choice for Venezuela Promotional Effort". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 Lopez, Elwyn (31 January 2015). "Reporter, once detained, now Venezuela's tourism poster child". CNN. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  15. 1 2 Sherwll, Philip (1 February 2015). "Venezuela uses photo of detained US journalist to promote its friendly face to foreigners". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  16. 1 2 "Venezuela drops tourism advert with detained US reporter". BBC. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  17. 1 2 Fischlin, Daniel; Nandorfy, Martha (2007). The Concise Guide to Global Human Rights. Montreal: Black Rose Books Ltd. p. 176. ISBN 9781551642949. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  18. ↑ Marx, Gary (17 July 2005). "Will truth go south on Telesur news?". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  19. ↑ World Report 2008. Human Rights Watch. 2008. pp. 227–228. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  20. ↑ Bey, Daniel (7 December 2016). "How Human Rights Sell War". TelSUR. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  21. ↑ "Argentina pulling out of Venezuela's sponsored Telesur TV network". MercoPress. 29 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  22. ↑ "Injustamente detenido, corresponsal de Telesur recibe 2007 en cárcel colombiana", Telesurtv.net, December 31, 2006 (in Spanish) (Retrieved February 7, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  23. ↑ "Corresponsal de Telesur califica como un triunfo su salida de la cárcel", Telesurtv.net (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 29, 2009) Archived July 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ↑ "Fredy Muñoz Altamiranda denuncia su situación ante la campaña de acoso del Gobierno colombiano", Derechos Human Rights, February 13, 2007 (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 29, 2009)
  25. ↑ "Por la libertad de prensa en Colombia", Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa, Miami, FL, November 21, 2006 (in Spanish) (Retrieved February 2, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-14. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
  26. ↑ Comunicados de Reporteros sin Fronteras sobre situación del periodista Fredy Muñoz, Reportes sans frontières, 2006-2007 (in Spanish) (Retrieved February 2, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  27. ↑ "Lanzan artefacto explosivo contra vivivienda de corresponsal de Telesur en Argentina, Telesurtv.net, September 11, 2008 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 7, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  28. ↑ "Atentado contra el corresponsal de Telesur: bomba estalló en la puerta de su domicilio" Federación Latinoamericana de Periodistas, September 13, 2008 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 7, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  29. ↑ "Agresión al domicilio del periodista Edgardo Esteban", Foro de Periodismo Argentino, September 11, 2008 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 7, 2009)
  30. ↑ "La SIP repudió y reclamó por los ataques recientes contra periodistas argentinos" Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa, Miami, FL, September 17, 2008 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 7, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  31. ↑ "Telesur rechaza ataques en contra de su corresponsal en Ecuador" (in Spanish). Telesur. 18 September 2009. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  32. ↑ "Amenazan de muerte a corresponsal de Telesur" (in Spanish). Diario Las Américas (Ecuador). 18 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  33. ↑ "Arrestan a periodistas en Honduras", El Universal (México, June 29, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 30, 2009)
  34. ↑ "Liberan a equipo periodístico de Telesur detenido por la fuerza en Honduras" Archived July 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Telesurtv.net, June 29, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 29, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  35. ↑ Daniel, Frank Jack; Pretel, Enrique Andres (14 July 2009). "Chavez-funded Telesur flourishes in Honduras coup". Reuters Alertnet. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  36. ↑ "Comunicadores Socialistas respaldan a Telesur", Aporrea.org, June 30, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 30, 2009)
  37. ↑ " Policía retiene varias horas a periodistas extranjeros en hotel de Tegucigalpa" La Tribuna (Honduras), July 12, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved July 12, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
  38. ↑ "Periodistas de Telesur y VTV fueron arrestados por golpistas hondureños" Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela, July 12, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved July 12, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  39. ↑ "Felap condena abusos contra periodistas de Telesur y VTV" Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias, July 12, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved July 12, 2009)
  40. ↑ "Telesur reafirma compromiso de informar pese a atropello contra periodistas en Honduras" Telesur, July 12, 2009 (in Spanish) (Retrieved July 13, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-02-20. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  41. ↑ "Telesur: SIP está plegada a factores golpistas en Honduras" (in Spanish). Telesur. 14 July 2009. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  42. ↑ "Telesur denuncia nuevas agresiones contra su equipo periodístico en Honduras" (in Spanish). Telesur. 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011.
  43. ↑ Robles, Frances (September 23, 2009). "They're torturing me, Zelaya claims". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
  44. ↑ "Telesur obligada a salir de embajada de Brasil por presión de gobierno de facto hondureño" (in Spanish). Telesur. 9 October 2009. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  45. ↑ Walker, Christopher (1 January 2016). "The Authoritarian Threat". Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 49–59.
  46. ↑ "A partir de hoy Telesur en señal abierta" Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela, [February 9, 2007, (in Spanish) (Retrieved July 13, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  47. ↑ "Telesur en señal abierta desde el 15 de julio por HTV" El Ciudadano (Ecuador), July 13, 2009, (Retrieved July 13, 2009)
  48. ↑ “The Boom in Counter-Hegemonic News Channels: A Case Study of Telesur, by James Painter, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford, published 2007 (Retrieved January 24, 2009) Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  49. ↑ "Telesur abre señal en portugués para Brasil" [Telesur opens signal in Portuguese language for Brazil] (in Spanish). Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela. January 24, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  50. ↑ "Telesur amplía su alcance para llegar a Ecuador, Nicaragua y Europa" Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela, October 9, 2007 (in Spanish) (Retrieved June 11, 2009)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  51. ↑ "Report from havanatimes.org"
  52. ↑ "Reajustes en la progrmacion de la Television Cubana"
  53. ↑ Programación Canal Educativo 2 Juventud Rebelde (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 11, 2009)
  54. ↑ "Telesur: ¿Censurada en Cuba?" CubaNet (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 8, 2009) Archived November 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  55. ↑ "Radikal tv-kanal får kritik" Dagens Nyheter, August 5, 2005 (in Swedish) (Retrieved March 4, 2009)
  56. ↑ "Por qué Fidel Castro censura a Telesur" HarryMagazine.com (in Spanish) (Retrieved January 8, 2009)
  57. ↑ Telesur firmó tres acuerdos para extender la señal a África Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias, September 27, 2009, (in Spanish) (Retrieved September 27, 2009)
  58. ↑ Telesur will have English, French and Portuguese versions | NexTV Latam
  59. ↑ Telesur English Interview
  60. ↑ "Documenta ABN llega a las pantallas de Telesur". Bolivarian News Agency. 3 March 2009. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
  61. 1 2 Wyss, Jim (25 July 2014). "Venezuela’s Telesur television goes bilingual with English programming". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  62. ↑ "Using oil to spread revolution". The Economist. 28 July 2005. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  63. ↑ "Chávez bid to counter Hollywood". BBC News. June 4, 2006. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
  64. ↑ Sreeharsha, Vinod (November 22, 2005). "Telesur tested by Chávez video". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 26, 2012. These clips bolster critics who claim the network is and will be a propaganda tool for Chávez.
  65. ↑ Hirst, Joel D. "The Bolivarian Alliance and the Hugo Chavez Propaganda Machine". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  66. ↑ "Ataques a Telesur" (in Spanish). Telesur. 20 November 2006. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  67. ↑ "Congressman works to counter socialist air time". Connie Mack's HOR website. 21 July 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  68. ↑ "US House of Representatives Resolution 2601". The Library of Congress. 2005. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  69. ↑ Carlos Chirinos (22 July 2005). "¿TV Martí para Venezuela?" [TV Marti for Venezuela?] (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  70. ↑ BBG Chairman Walter Isaacson remarked that the US could not afford to be "out-communicated" by enemies such as Telesur.
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