Task-negative

In neuroscience, a Task-negative (TN) mode, also known as the default mode network, is inversely correlated to the Task-positive mode.[1] Its main function is to reorient attention towards salient stimuli. TN is considered to be involved mostly, if not entirely, in involuntary actions. The neural network is right hemisphere lateralized and includes the right temporal-parietal junction and the right ventral frontal cortex.[2] This system shows activity increases upon detection of salient targets, especially when they appear in unexpected locations.[3][4][5][6][7] Activity increases also are observed in the ventral system after abrupt changes in sensory stimuli,[8] at the onset and offset of task blocks,[9] and at the end of a completed trial.[10]

Role in disease

Studies have reported a hyper-connectivity of TN brain regions in depression during rest.[11][12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Spreng, R. Nathan. "The Fallacy of a "Task-Negative" Network". Frontiers in Psychology. 3. PMC 3349953 Freely accessible. PMID 22593750. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00145.
  2. ↑ Fox, M.D.; Corbetta, M.; Snyder, A.Z.; Vincent, J.L.; Raichle, M.E. (2006). "Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems". PNAS. 103: 10046–10051. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604187103.
  3. ↑ Posner, M. I.; Petersen, S. E. (1990). "The Attention System Of The Human Brain". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 13: 25–42. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.13.1.25.
  4. ↑ Corbetta, M.; Kincade, J. M.; Ollinger, J. M.; McAvoy, M. P.; Shulman, G. L. (2000). "Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex". Nature Neuroscience. 3: 292–297. doi:10.1038/73009.
  5. ↑ Astafiev, S. V.; Shulman, G. I.; Stanley, C. M.; Snyder, A. Z.; Van Essen, D. C.; Corbetta, M. (2003). "Functional organization of human intraparietal and frontal cortex for attending, looking, and pointing". Journal of Neuroscience. 23: 4689–4699. PMID 12805308.
  6. ↑ Astafiev, S. V.; Stanley, C. M.; Shulman, G. L.; Corbetta, M. (2004). "Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions". Nature Neuroscience. 7: 542–548. doi:10.1038/nn1241.
  7. ↑ Kincade, J. M.; Abrams, R. A.; Astafiev, S. V.; Shulman, G. I.; Corbetta, M. (2005). "An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention". Journal of Neuroscience. 25: 4593–4604. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0236-05.2005.
  8. ↑ Downar, J.; Crawley, A. P.; Mikulis, D. J.; Davis, K. D. (2000). "A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment". Nature Neuroscience. 3: 277–283. doi:10.1038/72991.
  9. ↑ Fox, M. D.; Snyder, A. Z.; Barch, D. M.; Gusnard, D. A.; Raichle, M. E. (2005). "Transient BOLD responses at block transitions". NeuroImage. 28: 956–966. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.025.
  10. ↑ Shulman, G. I.; Tansy, A. P.; Kincade, M.; Petersen, S. E.; McAvoy, M. P.; Corbetta, M. (2002). "Reactivation of Networks Involved in Preparatory States". Cerebral Cortex. 12: 590–600. doi:10.1093/cercor/12.6.590.
  11. ↑ Zhou, Yuan; Yu, Chunshui; Zheng, Hua; Liu, Yong; Song, Ming; Qin, Wen; Li, Kuncheng; Jiang, Tianzi (2010). "Increased neural resources recruitment in the intrinsic organization in major depression". Journal of Affective Disorders. 121 (3): 220–230. PMID 19541369. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.029.
  12. ↑ Berman, M. G.; Peltier, S.; Nee, D. E.; Kross, E.; Deldin, P. J.; Jonides, J. (19 September 2010). "Depression, rumination and the default network". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 6 (5): 548–555. PMC 3190207 Freely accessible. PMID 20855296. doi:10.1093/scan/nsq080.
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