List of heads of state of Tanzania

Tanzania
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Tanzania
Foreign relations

This is a list of the heads of state of Tanzania, from the independence of Tanganyika in 1961 to the present day.

From 1961 to 1962 the head of state under the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 was the Queen of Tanganyika, Elizabeth II, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The Monarch was represented in Tanganyika by a Governor-General. Tanganyika became a republic under the Constitution of 1962 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by an executive President. After the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964, the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba united with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was later renamed to the United Republic of Tanzania.

Monarch (1961–1962)

The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

№ Monarch
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Reign Royal House Prime Minister(s)
Reign start Reign end
1 Queen Elizabeth II
(1926–)		 9 December 1961 9 December 1962 Windsor Nyerere
Kawawa

Governor-General

The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in Tanganyika and exercised most of the powers of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Tanganyika without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

Status
  Denotes Chief Justice acting as Officer Administering the Government
№ Governor-General
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Tenure Monarch Prime Minister(s)
Took office Left office
1 Sir Richard Turnbull
(1909–1998)		 9 December 1961 9 December 1962 Elizabeth II Nyerere
Kawawa

President of Tanganyika

Under the 1962 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, the President replaced the Monarch as executive head of state. In the event of a vacancy the Speaker of the National Assembly served as Acting President.

Status
  Denotes Speaker of the National Assembly acting as President
№ President
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Tenure Elected Political affiliation
(at time of appointment)
Took office Left office
1 Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 9 December 1962 29 October 1964 1962 Tanganyika African National Union

President of Tanzania

Under the 1964 Constitution, the first constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, the President replaced the President of Tanganyika and the President of Zanzibar as executive head of state. The President was elected by a yes-or-no confirmation referendum for a five-year term after being nominated by a TANU/CCM electoral college. Following the restoration of Multipartism in 1992, multi-candidate elections were itnroduced in 1995. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President serves as Acting President.

Status
  Denotes Vice-President acting as President
№ President
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Tenure Elected Political affiliation
(at time of appointment)		 Prime Minister(s)
Took office Left office
1 Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 1 November 1964 5 November 1985 1965
1970
1975		 Tanganyika African National Union Kawawa
1980 Chama Cha Mapinduzi [1] Kawawa
Sokoine
Msuya
Sokoine
Salim
2 Ali Hassan Mwinyi
(1925–)		 5 November 1985 23 November 1995 1985
1990		 Chama Cha Mapinduzi Warioba
Malecela
Msuya
3 Benjamin Mkapa
(1938–)		 23 November 1995 21 December 2005 1995
2000		 Chama Cha Mapinduzi Msuya
Sumaye
4 Jakaya Kikwete
(1950–)		 21 December 2005 5 November 2015 2005
2010		 Chama Cha Mapinduzi Sumaye
Lowassa
Pinda
5 John Magufuli
(1959–)		 5 November 2015 Incumbent 2015 Chama Cha Mapinduzi Majaliwa

Standards

Living former heads of state

There are four living former Tanzanian Heads of State:

Image Name Term/Reign Office Date of birth
Elizabeth II 1961–1962 Queen of Tanganyika 21 April 1926
Ali Hassan Mwinyi 1985–1995 President of Tanzania 8 May 1925
Benjamin Mkapa 1995–2005 President of Tanzania 12 November 1938
Jakaya Kikwete 2005–2015 President of Tanzania 7 October 1950

Notes

  1. ↑ Founded on 5 February 1977.
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