Tallahatchie County, Mississippi

Tallahatchie County, Mississippi

Tallahatchie County courthouse in Sumner
Map of Mississippi highlighting Tallahatchie County
Location in the U.S. state of Mississippi
Map of the United States highlighting Mississippi
Mississippi's location in the U.S.
Founded December 31, 1833
Seat Charleston and Sumner
Largest city Charleston
Area
 • Total 652 sq mi (1,689 km2)
 • Land 645 sq mi (1,671 km2)
 • Water 6.9 sq mi (18 km2), 1.1%
Population
 • (2010) 15,378
 • Density 24/sq mi (9/km²)
Congressional district 2nd
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5

Tallahatchie County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2010 census, the population was 15,378.[1] Its county seats are Charleston and Sumner.[2]

Tallahatchie County is located in the Mississippi Delta region, divided by the Tallahatchie River which runs from north to south through the county before joining what becomes the Yazoo River in LeFlore County.

History

The county was founded on December 31, 1833 after most of the Choctaw Nation was forced out under Indian Removal. Tallahatchie is a Choctaw name meaning "rock of waters". The county is one of ten in Mississippi with two county seats: Charleston on the east side of the river and Sumner on the west side. Charleston was the first county seat. Sumner was organized later in 1872 in the district to the west and has always been smaller in population.

Charleston was founded by European Americans in 1837, but its history antedates that. Settlers who were there illegally had developed five communities along the forks of Tillatoba Creek.

In 1833 the federal government opened the land for settlement by European Americans after the Choctaw were relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, in what is now Oklahoma. Ancient Indian trails led through the county at the time. Most of the settlers entered the county over what was called Charley's Trace, an Indian trail that came across east from the Mississippi River and entered the hills about where Leverett is now located. Here the trail merged with a trail from the south and passed near the present site of Charleston.

Colonel Thomas Bailey came from Kentucky and formed the first European-American settlement on the north fork of the creek, which was about five miles to the northeast. He was later joined by James Bailey, Samuel Caruthers, William Flemming, M. Johnson, Willam Kendrick, Robert Thrasher, A. Patterson, and Kinchen Mayo, who extended the settlement along the creek toward the Junction. Another settlement was started by the Priddys, the J. Houstons, Cade Alford, and the Carson family, who extended the settlement along the creek to the junction of three forks.

DeKalb and Tillatoba were founded on the north fork of the creek just west of the present town. Both towns wanted to be county seat of Tallahatchie, and Tillatoba gained the distinction. In 1837 the Board of Police found it necessary to abandon Tillatoba.

A section of unsettled land lay at the heart of the first five settlements. Under the Dancing Rabbit Treaty of 1830, this section of land had been granted to Greenwood LeFlore, the leading Choctaw chief. He stayed in Mississippi on his land after most of his people moved to Indian Territory.

J.S. Topp & Co. had acquired this section of land and proposed to build the town of Charleston (named for Charleston, South Carolina). He hoped to have this designated as the permanent county seat. In 1843 the county seat fight flared up again. The board voted to abandon Charleston, but a Mr. Steel, the president of the Board of Police, refused to sign the minutes which killed the rally.

J.B. Sumner moved to this section in 1872 and founded what is now Sumner. The present site was a dense forest. He donated land for the railroad right-of-way, railroad park, and courthouse square and jail lot. The next year Presbyterians erected Maria Church. From 1882 through 1884 disastrous floods and overflows of the Tallahatchie River forced the people of Sumner to go by boat for supplies to Webb (which was at the time called Hood). A post office was established in 1885, and the town incorporated in 1900.

The first county court house in Sumner was built in 1902; it was destroyed by fire in 1908. The records were saved, but in 1909 the entire business section of the town burned, and all records were destroyed. From 1931 through 1933, floods inundated thousands of acres of farmland and destroyed much property.

Sumner's county courthouse was the site of the 1955 murder trial of two white men, J.W. Milam and Roy Bryant, accused in the lynching death of Emmett Till that year in adjoining Leflore County. They were acquitted by an all-white jury of the murder of Till, a teenage African-American boy from Chicago. In 1990, the courthouse was designated as a state landmark by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.

Also in 1955 in nearby Glendora, Mississippi, resident Elmer Kimbrell shot and killed African-American Clinton Melton in front of three witnesses after an argument about how much gas Melton pumped into Kimbrell's car. He was acquitted after a short trial. Shortly before this murder, Kimbrell was involved in the Emmett Till murder.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 652 square miles (1,690 km2), of which 645 square miles (1,670 km2) is land and 6.9 square miles (18 km2) (1.1%) is water.[3] The county is intersected by the Tallahatchie River.[4]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18402,985—
18504,64355.5%
18607,89069.9%
18707,852−0.5%
188010,92639.1%
189014,36131.4%
190019,60036.5%
191029,07848.4%
192035,95323.6%
193035,568−1.1%
194034,166−3.9%
195030,486−10.8%
196024,081−21.0%
197019,338−19.7%
198017,157−11.3%
199015,210−11.3%
200014,903−2.0%
201015,3783.2%
Est. 201614,394[5]−6.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[6]
1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8]
1990-2000[9] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 15,378 people residing in the county. 56.4% were Black or African American, 38.9% White, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.4% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races. 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 14,903 people, 5,263 households, and 3,826 families residing in the county. The population density was 23 people per square mile (9/km²). There were 5,711 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 39.62% White, 59.43% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,263 households out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.50% were married couples living together, 23.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.30% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the county, the population was spread out with 30.00% under the age of 18, 10.00% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 87.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $22,229, and the median income for a family was $26,509. Males had a median income of $24,766 versus $18,972 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,749. About 26.80% of families and 32.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.80% of those under age 18 and 27.80% of those age 65 or over.

Tallahatchie County has the fourth lowest per capita income in Mississippi and the 46th lowest in the United States.

Government and infrastructure

Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility
Presidential Elections Results[11]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 41.9% 2,462 56.9% 3,337 1.2% 71
2012 38.4% 2,499 60.9% 3,959 0.7% 45
2008 40.1% 2,786 59.1% 4,105 0.8% 52
2004 44.0% 2,737 55.0% 3,420 1.0% 60
2000 44.0% 2,428 55.1% 3,041 1.0% 54
1996 34.0% 1,676 60.7% 2,990 5.4% 264
1992 40.1% 2,213 52.6% 2,902 7.3% 403
1988 47.5% 2,633 51.9% 2,881 0.6% 33
1984 51.4% 2,901 48.3% 2,725 0.4% 20
1980 37.8% 2,183 60.0% 3,467 2.2% 126
1976 40.9% 2,146 57.0% 2,991 2.2% 115
1972 77.4% 3,442 18.8% 835 3.9% 172
1968 11.3% 577 28.8% 1,477 60.0% 3,076
1964 92.5% 3,126 7.5% 255
1960 13.3% 346 32.0% 830 54.7% 1,421
1956 12.7% 341 73.3% 1,969 14.0% 377
1952 24.1% 748 75.9% 2,350
1948 1.5% 37 11.7% 287 86.8% 2,122
1944 1.6% 40 98.4% 2,401
1940 1.4% 33 98.3% 2,288 0.3% 7
1936 0.3% 4 99.7% 1,567 0.1% 1
1932 0.7% 16 99.3% 2,453 0.1% 2
1928 1.4% 33 98.6% 2,284
1924 1.1% 15 98.9% 1,386
1920 5.9% 69 93.0% 1,092 1.1% 13
1916 0.6% 6 99.4% 1,061
1912 2.1% 16 93.0% 695 4.8% 36

Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility, a private prison operated by the Corrections Corporation of America on behalf of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, is located in an unincorporated area in the county, near Tutwiler.[12][13] As of 2010 the prison serves as the Tallahatchie County's jail facility, in addition to housing prison inmates sentenced in California.[14]

Education

Communities

City

Towns

Village

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  4. ↑  Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Tallahatchie, a N. W. county of Mississippi". The American Cyclopædia.
  5. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  6. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  7. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  10. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  11. ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  12. ↑ "Tutwiler town, Mississippi." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on October 15, 2010.
  13. ↑ "Five Private Prisons Archived 2015-05-04 at WebCite." Mississippi Department of Corrections. Retrieved on October 15, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility." (Archive of later date) Corrections Corporation of America. Retrieved on October 15, 2010.

Coordinates: 33°57′N 90°10′W / 33.95°N 90.17°W / 33.95; -90.17

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