Swiss Amish

The Swiss Amish are a subgroup of the Amish, that immigrated to the United States mostly in the middle of the 19th century directly from Switzerland and the Alsace and not in the 18th century via the Palatinate as most Amish did. They do not speak Pennsylvania German, but either a form of Bernese German or a Low Alemannic Alsatian dialect. Their main settlements are in Adams County, Indiana (Bernese Amish) and in Allen County, Indiana (Alsatian Amish). They form two distinct Amish affiliations.

History

Amish coming directly from Switzerland, neighboring Alsace and the Montbéliard region first came to the Midwest in the 1830s. Amish from Bern and the Jura Mountains settled in Wayne County, Ohio in 1835. In 1850 they went west and founded the settlement in Adams County, Indiana. In 1850 Amish from the Montbéliard region settled in Stark County, Ohio and founded the settlement in Allen County, Indiana in 1852. Not all Swiss Amish migrations can be traced[1] The Amish settlement in Daviess County, Indiana founded in 1868, was settled largely by Swiss Amish from Allen County, but later was mostly assimilated into the Pennsylvania German Amish culture. There are still speakers of the Alsatian dialect in Daviess County, however.[2][3][4]

Culture and tradition

Use of technology

The Swiss Amish are more conservative concerning the use of technology than the majority of the Amish. Characteristic for the Swiss Amish is the use of open buggies only and the marking of graves with plain wooden stakes bearing only the initials of the deceased.[5]

Language

Most speakers of the Alsatian dialect also speak or at least understand Pennsylvania German.[6]

Yodeling

The Swiss Amish of Adams County and to a lesser extent the ones of Allen County maintain the practice of yodeling from their Swiss homeland. According to Chad Thompson almost every Amish of Adams County can yodel. Yodeling is an important symbol of their particular Swiss Amish identity.[7] Examples of Swiss Amish yodeling can be heard online.[8][9]

Names

There are certain last names which are very common among the Swiss Amish and which are not found often elsewhere. These names include: Schwartz, Hilty, Lengacher, Graber, Wittmer, Shetler, Christner, Eicher, Girod, Wengerd and Wickey.[10]

Population and Church districts

As of 2011 the two affiliations of the Swiss Amish had together 152 church districts of the 1913 Amish church districts, accounting for about eight percent of all Amish.[11] Most Swiss Amish are located in Indiana, but there are Swiss Amish settlements in other states, most notably in Michigan, New York, Missouri and Ohio.

The largest Swiss Amish settlement is located in Adams County, Indiana near Berne with a total Amish population of 7,502 people in 2010. The second largest Swiss Amish settlement is located in Allen County, Indiana, northeast of Fort Wayne, with a total Amish population of 3,466 people in 2010.

A large Swiss Amish settlement was founded in 1968 near Seymour, Missouri. It consisted of 13 church districts in 2014 and a total Amish population of about 2,250 people.[12][13]

References

  1. ↑ Who are the Swiss Amish? at amishamerica.com
  2. ↑ Indiana Amish: Daviess at amishamerica.com
  3. ↑ Chad L. Thompson: The Languages of the Amish of Allen County, Indiana: Multilingualism and Convergence, in Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 36, No. 1 (Spring, 1994), p. 78
  4. ↑ Chad L. Thompson: Yodeling of the Indiana Swiss Amish in Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 38, No. 3 (Fall, 1996), pp. 495-520
  5. ↑ Steven M. Nolt and Thomas J. Meyers: An Amish Patchwork: Indiana's Old Orders in the Modern World, Bloomington, IN 2005, pages 62-66.
  6. ↑ Chad L. Thompson: The Languages of the Amish of Allen County, Indiana: Multilingualism and Convergence, in Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 36, No. 1 (Spring, 1994), pages 69-91
  7. ↑ Chad L. Thompson: Yodeling of the Indiana Swiss Amish in Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 38, No. 3 (Fall, 1996), pp. 495-520
  8. ↑ Amish Yodeling and Excited Kaw-Liga at YouTube
  9. ↑ Ninety Year Old Swiss Yodeler at YouTube
  10. ↑ The Amish of Adams County, Indiana at amishamerica.com
  11. ↑ Kraybill, Donald; Karen M. Johnson-Weiner; Steven M. Nolt (2013). The Amish. Johns Hopkins Univ Pr. p. 139.
  12. ↑ http://media.npr.org/documents/2014/june/ohiostatecensus.pdf Joseph F. Donnermeyer and Corey Anderon: The Amish Population: County Estimates and Settlement Patterns, page 95.
  13. ↑ Joseph F. Donnermeyer and David Luthy: Amish Settlements across America: 2013, page 116.

Literature

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