Süper Lig

Süper Lig

Founded	1956^[1]
First season	1959 Milli Lig
Country	Turkey
Confederation	UEFA
Number of teams	18
Level on pyramid	1
Relegation to	TFF First League
Domestic cup(s)	Turkish Cup Turkish Super Cup
International cup(s)	UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League
Current champions	Beşiktaş (15th title) (2016–17)
Most championships	Galatasaray (20 titles)
Most capped player	Oğuz Çetin (503 matches)^[2]
Top goalscorer	Hakan Şükür (249 goals)^[3]
TV partners	beIN Sports TRT (Highlights only) MP & Silva (Global highlights)
Website	Süper Lig
2017–18 Süper Lig

The Süper Lig (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈsypɛɾ liɟ], Super League) is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs. It is the top-flight of the Turkish football league system. Eighteen clubs compete annually, where a champion is decided and three clubs are promoted and relegated from, and to, the 1. Lig. The season runs from August to May, with each club playing 34 matches. Matches are played Friday through Monday.

The competition was initially established as the Milli Lig in 1958, the first national league competition held in Turkey. Previously, league competitions took place in a few cities, including Adana, Ankara, Eskişehir, Istanbul, Izmir, Kayseri, and Trabzon. It is currently ranked 11th in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five years. A total of 67 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but only 5 have won the title: Galatasaray (20), Fenerbahçe (19), Beşiktaş (15), Trabzonspor (6) and Bursaspor (1).

History

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Thessaloníki. The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, which took place in 1904–05. The first champions were Imogene FC. The league went through several variations until the creation of the Milli Lig in 1959. Between the creation of the Istanbul Football League and Milli Lig, several other city leagues took place: Adana (1923), Ankara (1923), Eskişehir (1920), Izmir (1923), Kayseri (1936), and Trabzon (1923). The Milli Küme was the first step towards a national league competition.

Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray match photo of the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium

Started in 1937, the Milli Küme was an inter-city competition between clubs in Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir. The competition lasted until 1950. The Federation Cup was created in 1956 and used as a cup competition to decide a champion. This champion would go on to participate in the European Cup. The cup competition was held for two years until it was replaced by the Milli Lig. Beşiktaş won both times, and represented twice Turkey in the European Cup during the two-year span.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The top clubs from Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 Milli Lig. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958-59, because the qualifying stages took place in 1958. The 16 clubs who competed in the first season were: Adalet (İstanbul), Altay (İzmir), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Beşiktaş (İstanbul), Beykoz (İstanbul), Fatih Karagümrük (İstanbul), Fenerbahçe (İstanbul), Galatasaray (İstanbul), Gençlerbirliği (Ankara), Göztepe (İzmir), Hacettepe (Ankara), İstanbulspor, İzmirspor, Karşıyaka (İzmir Province) and Vefa (Istanbul). Just four of those clubs are still competing in the Süper Lig: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, and Gençlerbirliği. The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first Gol Kralı (Goal King) was Metin Oktay. No clubs were promoted or relegated at the end of the first season.^[7]

The 2.Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the Milli Lig or Turkish National League became known as the 1.Lig (First League). Before the creation of a second league, the bottom three clubs competed with regional league winners in a competition called the Baraj Games. The top three teams of the seven-team group were promoted to the Milli Lig. After the creation of a new second division in 2001, known as the 1.Lig, the formerly titled 1.Lig became the Süper Lig.^[8] The Fenerbahçe vs Galatasaray is probably the most watched football game in Turkey.

Competition format

Current design of the Süper Lig Trophy, in use since 2015.

There are 18 clubs in the Süper Lig. During the course of the season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 34 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the head-to-head record and then goal difference determine the winner. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the 1.Lig and the top two teams from the 1.Lig, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed 1.Lig clubs are promoted in their place.^[9]

Qualification for European competitions

Qualification for European competitions is as follows: champions qualify for the group stage of the Champions League, runners-up qualify for the third qualifying round of the Champions League, third place qualifies for the third qualifying round of the Europa League, and fourth place qualifies for the second qualifying round of the same competition. A fifth spot is given to the winner of the Turkish Cup, who qualify for the play-off round of the Europa League. If the Turkish Cup winner has already qualified for European competition through their league finish, the next highest placed club in the league takes their place.

UEFA ranking

Ranking			Member association	Coefficient
2017	2016	Mvmt	Member association	2012–13	2013–14	2014–15	2015–16	2016–17	Total
9	9	—	Belgium	6.500	6.400	9.600	7.400	12.100	42.000
10	11	+1	Turkey	10.200	6.700	6.000	6.600	9.300	38.800
11	13	+2	Czech Republic	8.500	8.000	3.875	7.300	5.500	33.175

Teams

Istanbul

Gençlerbirliği
Osmanlıspor

Istanbul teams
Beşiktaş
Fenerbahçe
Galatasaray
İstanbul Başakşehir

Location of teams in 2016–17 Süper Lig

Istanbul Süper Lig clubs

Adanaspor, Karabükspor and Alanyaspor were promoted from the 2015–16 TFF First League. Sivasspor, Eskişehirspor and Mersin İdmanyurdu were relegated to the 2016–17 TFF First League. The following 18 clubs compete in the 2016–17 Süper Lig.

Club	City	Position in 2015–16	First season in top division	Seasons in top division	First season of current spell	Top division titles	Last title
Adanaspor	Adana	First League: 1st	1971–72	22	2016–17	—
Akhisar Bld.^b	Akhisar	8th	2012–13	5	2012–13	—
Alanyaspor^b	Alanya	First League: 3rd	2016–17	1	2016–17	—
Antalyaspor	Antalya	9th	1982–83	21	2015–16	—
Beşiktaş^a^b	Istanbul	1st	1959	59	1959	15	2015–16
Bursaspor	Bursa	11th	1967–68	48	2006–07	1	2009–10
Rizespor	Rize	13th	1979–80	17	2013–14	—
Fenerbahçe^a^b	Istanbul	2nd	1959	59	1959	19	2013–14
Galatasaray^a^b	Istanbul	6th	1959	59	1959	20	2014–15
Gaziantepspor	Gaziantep	14th	1979–80	31	1990–91	—
Gençlerbirliği^a	Ankara	10th	1959	45	1989–90	—
Başakşehir FK	Istanbul	4th	2007–08	9	2014–15	—
Karabükspor	Karabük	First League: 2nd	1993–94	9	2016–17	—
Kasımpaşa	İstanbul	7th	1959–60	13	2012–13	—
Kayserispor	Kayseri	15th	2004–05	12	2015–16	—
Konyaspor	Konya	3rd	1988–89	16	2013–14	—
Osmanlıspor	Ankara	5th	2004–05	8	2015–16	—
Trabzonspor^b	Trabzon	12th	1974–75	43	1974–75	6	1983-84

^a Founding member of the Süper Lig
^b Never been relegated from the Süper Lig

Champions

Only 5 clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Süper Lig in 1959: Galatasaray 20 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 15 times (with an addiitonal two titles counted for star purposes, see note below), Trabzonspor 6 times, and Bursaspor 1 time.^[10]

Team	Winners	Runners-up	Years won
Galatasaray	20	10	1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
Fenerbahçe	19	21	1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Beşiktaş	15^[11]	14	1957, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1974, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2016, 2017
Trabzonspor	6	8	1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 1996, 2004, 2005, 2011
Bursaspor	1	-	2010

*NOTE: Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956/57 and 1957/58 versions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish Professional First Division championships to the Turkish Football Federation. The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Turkish Federation Cup will be considered as national league championship. Beşiktaş given permission to represent Turkey in UEFA at the 1956/57 and 1957/58 seasons. ^[12]

Star rating system

Clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest on their uniforms for every five national championships won. For the 2017/18 season Galatasaray are permitted four golden stars, Fenerbahçe are permitted three golden stars, Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.^[13]

League participation

As of 2017, 69 clubs have participated. Note: The tallies below include up to the 2016-17 season.

59 seasons: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
49 seasons: Ankaragücü
48 seasons: Bursaspor
45 seasons: Gençlerbirliği
43 seasons: Trabzonspor
41 seasons: Altay
31 seasons: Gaziantepspor
30 seasons: Samsunspor, Eskişehirspor
25 seasons: Göztepe
23 seasons: İstanbulspor
22 seasons: Adanaspor
21 seasons: Antalyaspor
20 seasons: Boluspor, Kocaelispor
19 seasons: Denizlispor
17 seasons: Adana Demirspor, Çaykur Rizespor, Kayserispor
16 seasons: Karşıyaka, Konyaspor

15 seasons: Mersin İdmanyurdu
14 seasons: Vefa, Zonguldakspor^[14]
13 seasons: Ankara Demirspor, Kasımpaşa, Sarıyer, Kayseri Erciyesspor
12 seasons: Türk Telekomspor
11 seasons: Diyarbakırspor,^[15] Malatyaspor, Orduspor, Sakaryaspor, Sivasspor
10 seasons: Altınordu, Şekerspor (Now Turanspor), İzmirspor
09 seasons: Feriköy, Başakşehir,^[16] Kardemir Karabükspor
08 seasons: Beykozspor, Keçiörengücü (Hacettepe), Osmanlıspor
06 seasons: Karagümrük, Giresunspor, Manisaspor
05 seasons: Akhisar Belediyespor, Vanspor (Became Van İl Özel İdarespor in 2004 and closed in 2014), Zeytinburnuspor
04 seasons: Elazığspor
03 seasons: Aydınspor, Bakırköyspor, Çanakkale Dardanelspor, Erzurumspor^[17]
02 seasons: Akçaabat Sebatspor, Adalet, Balıkesirspor, Beyoğluspor, Hacettepe, Yeşildirek, Yozgatspor
01 season: Alanyaspor, Bucaspor, Kahramanmaraşspor, Kırıkkalespor, Petrolofisi, Siirtspor^[18]

Player records

Top scorers

Rank	Player	Goals^[19]	Apps	Rate
1	Hakan Şükür	249	489	0.51
2	Tanju Çolak	240	282	0.85
3	Hami Mandirali	219	476	0.46
4	Metin Oktay	217	258	0.84
5	Aykut Kocaman	200	360	0.56
6	Feyyaz Uçar	191	376	0.51
7	Serkan Aykut	188	336	0.56
8	Fevzi Zemzem	144	356	0.40
9	Necati Ateş	140	368	0.38
10	Cenk İşler	137	350	0.39

As of 26 January 2015

Most appearances

Rank	Player	Apps^[19]	Years
1	Oğuz Çetin	503	1981–2000
2	Rıza Çalımbay	494	1980–1996
3	Hakan Şükür	489	1987–2000, 2003–2008
4	Hami Mandıralı	476	1984–1998, 1999–2003
5	Kemal Yıldırım	475	1976–1995
6	Mehmet Nas	453	1997–2014
7	Recep Çetin	437	1984–2002
8	Bülent Korkmaz	430	1988–2005
9	Müjdat Yetkiner	429	1979–1995
10	Ömer Çatkıç	427	1995–2012

As of 18 May 2015

Notes:

Bold denotes players still playing in the league.
All players are Turkish unless otherwise indicated.

Turkish football clubs in UEFA competitions

European Cup / UEFA Champions League

Club	Semifinalist	Quarterfinalist
Galatasaray	1989	1963, 1970, 1994, 2001, 2013
Beşiktaş	-	1987
Fenerbahçe	-	2008

UEFA Cup / Europa League

Club	Champions	Semifinalist	Quarterfinalist
Galatasaray	2000	-	-
Fenerbahçe	-	2013	-
Beşiktaş	-	-	2003, 2017

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

Club	Quarterfinalist
Fenerbahçe	1964
Göztepe	1970
Bursaspor	1975
Galatasaray	1992

UEFA Super Cup

Club	Champions
Galatasaray	2000

References

↑ "History TFF". tff.org.tr. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ "Mackolik.com - iddaa, canlı sonuçlar, iddaa sonuçları, puan durumu, iddaa programı". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ "Hakan Şükür". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Before the Turkish leagues turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 56/57 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 57/58 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1959 Milli Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1963-1964 1. Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Official TFF competition rules
↑ http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=379
↑ "Spor Toto Süper Lig Şampiyonlukları (Turkish)". Turkish Football Federation. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=379
↑ http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=379
↑ Kárpáti, Tamás (21 May 2010). "List of champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ (Dissolved in 2011) Zonguldakspor
↑ (Dissolved in 2013)
↑ (before 2014-15 season played as İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor). İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor
↑ (Dissolved in 2011)
↑ (Dissolved in 2014) Siirtspor
1 2 "Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Lig". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.

External links

Süper Lig official website (in Turkish)
Turkish Football Federation website (in Turkish)
Turkey Süper Lig - Hailoosport.com

Süper Lig
Milli Lig	1959 1959–60 1960–61 1961–62 1962–63
1. Lig	1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01
Süper Lig	2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18
Champions	Galatasaray (20) Fenerbahçe (19) Beşiktaş (15) Trabzonspor (6) Bursaspor (1)
Current teams	Akhisar Belediyespor Alanyaspor Antalyaspor Beşiktaş Bursaspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Gençlerbirliği Göztepe İstanbul Başakşehir Karabükspor Kayserispor Kasımpaşa Konyaspor Osmanlıspor Sivasspor Trabzonspor Yeni Malatyaspor
Former teams	Adaletspor Adana Demirspor Akçaabat Sebatspor Altay Altınordu Ankara Demirspor Aydınspor Bakırköyspor Balıkesirspor Beykozspor Beyoğluspor Boluspor Bucaspor Çanakkale Dardanelspor Denizlispor Diyarbakırspor Eskişehirspor Erzurumspor Feriköy Giresunspor Göztepe Hacettepe İstanbulspor İzmirspor Kahramanmaraşspor Karagümrük Karşıyaka Kayseri Erciyesspor Keçiörengücü MKE Ankaragücü MKE Kırıkkalespor Kocaelispor Malatyaspor Manisaspor Mersin İdmanyurdu Orduspor Petrolofisi PTT Sakaryaspor Samsunspor Sarıyer Siirtspor Sivasspor Şekerspor Vanspor Vefa Yeşildirek Yimpaş Yozgatspor Zeytinburnuspor Zonguldakspor

Süper Lig champions
20 titles * * * *	Galatasaray 1961–62 1962–63 1968–69 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1986–87 1987–88 1992–93 1993–94 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2001–02 2005–06 2007–08 2011–12 2012–13 2014–15
19 titles * * *	Fenerbahçe 1959 1960–61 1963–64 1964–65 1967–68 1969–70 1973–74 1974–75 1977–78 1982–83 1984–85 1988–89 1995–96 2000–01 2003–04 2004–05 2006–07 2010–11 2013–14
15 titles * * *	Beşiktaş 1956–57 1957–58 1959–60 1965–66 1966–67 1981–82 1985–86 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1994–95 2002–03 2008–09 2015–16 2016–17
6 titles *	Trabzonspor 1975–76 1976–77 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1983–84
1 title	Bursaspor 2009–10

Süper Lig top scorers

1959: M. Oktay (11)
1959–60: M. Oktay (33)
1960–61: M. Oktay (36)
1961–62: F. Elma (21)
1962–63: M. Oktay (38)
1963–64: G. Önüt (19)
1964–65: M. Oktay (17)
1965–66: E. Adatepe (20)
1966–67: E. Adatepe (18)
1967–68: F. Zemzem (19)
1968–69: M. Oktay (17)
1969–70: F. Heper (13)
1970–71: O. Altıparmak (16)
1972–72: F. Heper (20)
1973–73: O. Arpacıoğlu (16)
1973–74: C. Turan (14)
1974–75: Ö. Kaner (14)
1975–76: A. O. Renklibay / C. Turan (17)
1976–77: N. Perekli (18)
1977–78: C. Turan (17)
1978–79: Ö. Umdu (15)
1979–80: B. Yorulmaz / M. Denizli (12)
1980–81: B. Öztürk (15)
1981–82: S. Yula (16)
1982–83: S. Yula (19)
1983–84: Hodžić (16)
1984–85: A. Yiğit (20)
1985–86: T. Çolak (33)
1986–87: T. Çolak (25)
1987–88: T. Çolak (39)
1988–89: A. Kocaman (29)
1989–90: F. Uçar (28)
1990–91: T. Çolak (31)
1991–92: A. Kocaman (25)
1992–93: T. Çolak (27)
1993–94: B. Uygun (22)
1994–95: A. Kocaman (27)
1995–96: Arveladze (25)
1996–97: H. Şükür (38)
1997–98: H. Şükür (33)
1998–99: H. Şükür (18)
1999–2000: S. Aykut (30)
2000–01: O. Yılmaz (23)
2001–02: A. Erdem / İ. Mansız (21)
2002–03: O. Yılmaz (24)
2003–04: Z. Biryol (25)
2004–05: F. Tekke (31)
2005–06: G. Ünal (25)
2006–07: Alex (19)
2007–08: S. Şentürk (17)
2008–09: Baroš (20)
2009–10: Makukula (21)
2010–11: Alex (28)
2011–12: B. Yılmaz (33)
2012–13: B. Yılmaz (24)
2013–14: Chahechouhe (17)
2014–15: Fernandão (22)
2015–16: M. Gómez (26)
2016–17: Love (23)

Football in Turkey

Turkish Football Federation

National teams

Men	Men's results footballers managers B U-21 Youth Futsal
Women	Women's U-21 U-19 U-17

Domestic leagues

Men	Süper Lig TFF First League TFF Second League TFF Third League Turkish Regional Amateur League Amatör Futbol Ligleri A2 Ligi
Women	First League Second League

Domestic cups

Defunct leagues

Defunct cups

Lists

Men	List of champions List of clubs by foundation date List of venues (by capacity) Foreign players
Women	List of clubs

Top-level football leagues in Europe (UEFA)
Active	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland Republic of Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales
Non-recognized	Crimea Isle of Man Northern Cyprus Vatican City
Defunct	Czechoslovakia East Germany Serbia and Montenegro Soviet Union Yugoslavia

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