Sultanpur National Park

Sultanpur National Park Sanctuary
सुल्तानपुर राष्ट्रीय वन्यजीव अभयारण्य
Wildlife National Park
Map of Haryana showing the location of Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Sultanpur National Park Sanctuary
Map of Haryana showing the location of Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Sultanpur National Park Sanctuary
Coordinates: 28°27′44″N 76°53′24″E / 28.4623°N 76.8899°E / 28.4623; 76.8899Coordinates: 28°27′44″N 76°53′24″E / 28.4623°N 76.8899°E / 28.4623; 76.8899
Country India
Government
 • Body Haryana Forest Department
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Website www.haryanaforest.gov.in
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary became a National Park in 1991

Sultanpur National Park (Hindi: सुल्तानपुर राष्ट्रीय वन्यजीव अभयारण्य) (formerly Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary) is located at Sultanpur fifteen kilometres from Gurgaon, Haryana and 50 km from Delhi in India.

Introduction

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is very popular national park located in Gurgaon District in Haryana State. Sultanpur is located 40 km from Dhaula Kuan in Delhi and 15 km from Gurgaon on the Gurgaon - Farrukhnagar Road. This Bird Sanctuary, ideal for birding and bird watchers, is best visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come here.

Haryana government has carried out a number of development works at Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary like construction of mounds, widening of paths, four tube wells have also been dug. Efforts are being made to improve vegetation in area by planting more trees, which are popular with the birds like ficus spp. Acacia Nilotica, Acacia Tortilis, Beris and Neem etc.

Approximately 250 species of Birds are found at Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary. Some of them are resident, while others come from distant regions like Siberia, Europe and Afghanistan.

Some of the resident birds are: common hoopoe, paddyfield pipit, purple sunbird, little cormorant, Eurasian thick-knee, gray francolin, black francolin, Indian roller, white-throated kingfisher, spot billed duck, painted stork, white ibis, black headed ibis, little egret, great egret, cattle egret, India crested lark

Every year more than 100 migratory bird species arrive at Sultanpur in search of feeding grounds and to pass the winter. In winter Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary provides a picturesque panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian cranes, greater flamingo, ruff, black winged stilt, common teal, common greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern shoveller, rosy pelican. It is closed from 1 April to 30 September.

Climate

This Bird Sanctuary, ideal for birding and bird watchers, is best visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come here. Sultanpur has the typical North Indian climate of harsh summers (up to 46 Degree C) and cold winters (Low of up to 0 Degree C). Rainy season is short, from July to the end of August.

History

Sultanpur National Park at Sultanpur, Haryana

Sultanpur named after Rajput Chauhan Sultan Singh, great grandson of Harsh Dev Chauhan(one of 21 sons of Raja Sangat Singh Chauhan), who founded Garhi Harsaru and established Dhundhoti, occupied it in 1474 Vikram Samwat after wresting it from Silar Muslims, was the biggest village (covering 52000 bighas of land) under Farrukhnagar and many of the present day villages around it have originated as 'dhanis' i.e. temporary farmer's shelters within the boundary of Sultanpur. The region around Sultanpur was called Dhundhoti. Sultanpur was the center of salt production for use in Delhi and the United Provinces till the late 19th century exporting annually 250000 quintals (680000 maunds) over the Rajputana-Malwa Railway. The railway train service was started in 1873 and at Sultanpur there were a couple of railway sidings for loading salt into the train wagons.[1] Sultanpur had an ancient mosque dating back to the period of Sultan of Delhi, Ghiyas ud din Balban (1200–1287). Two slabs of red sandstone bearing Arabic inscriptions taken from this mosque are fixed on the southern wall of the Jama Masjid at Farrukhnagar. [2] The foundation of this mosque was clearly visible a few decades ago as per old residents of Sultanpur.

Salt was produced by extracting brine from about 40 wells using bullocks and drying in open plots. Since salt was one of the major sources of Government revenue the office of the salt superintendent at Sultanpur supervised the levy of ₨ 2 tax per maund. With the levy of the heavy salt tax and acquisition of the Sambhar salt works in Rajputana by the British Indian Government the Sultanpur Salt became uneconomical and by 1903-4 the salt industry was struggling for survival with salt export having fallen to 65000 maunds leading to severe setback to the economy of the Sultanpur area. Finally, in 1923 the British shut down the office of the salt superintendent, had all the mounds of salt thrown back into the wells and shut down the salt industry leading to considerable economic misery to the people.[3]

Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) at Sultanpur
Sarus crane (Grus antigone) at Sultanpur

As a bird sanctuary it was the find of Peter Jackson, famous ornithologist, and honorary secretary of the Delhi Birdwatching Society, who wrote to Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, founder of the society, in 1970 about the need to declare the Sultanpur jheel near Delhi, a bird sanctuary, and she asked him to take her there.

She had to cancel at the last minute, but later instructed the Chief Minister of Haryana to protect the jheel and in 1972, the Sultanpur Bird Reserve was established. On 07/13/1989 the reserve was upgraded to a National Park.[4]

The area was declared a Bird sanctuary in 1972, and twenty years later in 1989, was made a National Park.[5] It has an area of 1.43 square kilometres.[6] It is a protected area where over 250 species of birds have been sighted.

Earlier before the construction of bandhs and drainage areas around Sultanpur remained waterlogged and attracted a large numbers of migratory birds and hunters, many from the Diplomatic Corps at Delhi. Now however the bird sanctuary is artificially revived using pumped water from the Jamuna river. You are required to show your identity card to enter Sultanpur National Park. Without identity card, you will be denied entry. In addition, entry fee is ₨ 5.00

Resident birds

Resident birds include the common hoopoe, paddyfield pipit, purple sunbird, little cormorant, Indian cormorant, common spoonbill, gray francolin, black francolin, Indian roller, white-throated kingfisher, spotbill, painted stork, black-necked stork, white ibis, black-headed ibis, little egret, great egret, cattle egret, crested lark, red-vented bulbul, rose-ringed parakeet, red-wattled lapwing, shikra, Eurasian collared dove, red-collared dove, laughing dove, spotted owlet, rock pigeon, magpie robin, greater coucal, weaver bird, bank mynah, common mynah and green bee-eater.

The White-throated kingfisher is a resident bird at Sultanpur

Migratory birds

Every year over a hundred migratory bird species visit here to feed. In winter the sanctuary provides is a panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian crane, greater flamingo, ruff, black-winged stilt, common teal, common greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern shoveller, rosy pelican, spot-billed pelican, gadwall, wood sandpiper, spotted sandpiper, Eurasian wigeon, black-tailed godwit, spotted redshank, starling, bluethroat and long-billed pipit. In summer about 11 species of migratory birds such as Asian koel, black-crowned night heron, grey heron, Indian golden oriole, knob-billed duck, blue-cheeked bee-eater, blue-tailed bee-eater and cuckoos come here.

In addition to the many birds, animals such as blue bull and black buck are also seen here.[7][8] Trees which are popular with the birds like acacia nilotica, acacia tortilis, berberis and neem have been planted.

Facilities

The park is a popular picnic spot for residents of New Delhi and the NCR (National Capital Region), especially during the winter migration months when thousands of birds visit here from across the globe. There are four watch towers (machans) located at different points, an education and interpretation center, a library, films, slides and binoculars for the benefit of bird lovers. A walk along the perimeter of the park takes up to two hours. A room dedicated to the memory of Dr. Salim Ali, which contains his bust, photographs, write ups, and some of his personal effects. There is public parking, bathrooms, drinking water facilities and a children's park in the reserve. For those wishing to stay overnight, the park also has a well-appointed guest house with all amenities.[9][10]—Timing 7:00 AM to 4:30PM, If anyone desires to enter the park before 7:00 AM, he/she has to obtain entry permit, one day in advance from date of entry from Divisional Wildlife Officer Office Gurgaon ( 0124-2222272).Not more than ten person will be allowed on any day before 7:00 AM—Note - Park will remains closed on every Tuesday

The park is 50 km from Delhi and 15 km from Gurgaon on the Gurgaon - Farukh Nagar Road.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Miscellaneous Revenue". Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 20. p. 349. Retrieved 2015-10-04.
  2. ↑ http://www.revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hrygazI/Hr-Gaz-Ch-5.htm
  3. ↑ "Misc Revenue". The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. p. 349, v. 20.
  4. ↑ Peter Jackson Interview Sanctuary Asia, (12/2000) "Interviews", December, 2000.
  5. ↑ Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary and National Park www.birding.in.
  6. ↑ Wildlife Protected Areas in Haryana www.wii.gov.in.
  7. ↑ Wildlife Tours India, About Sultanpur National Park
  8. ↑ Wildlife Institute of India, Directory of Wildlife Protected Areas in India, wii.gov.in
  9. ↑ haryana-online.com (2007), Sultanpur National Park & Bird Sanctuary
  10. ↑ "Sultanpur National Park". Haryana Tourism.
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