Sukma Games
Sukma Games logo | |
First event | 1986 Sukma Games in Kuala Lumpur |
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Occur every | two years |
Last event | 2016 Sukma Games in Sarawak |
Purpose | Multi-sport event for states in Malaysia |
Website | National Sports Council of Malaysia |
Sukma Games | |
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Games | |
The Sukma Games is a sporting event in Malaysia, held once every two years. Sukma is an acronym for Sukan Malaysia; literally Malaysian Games, in other words this event is often viewed as a high-end national level competition and is usually referred to as the "Malaysian Olympics". The first Games was held in 1986 in Kuala Lumpur. The games have been held biannually from 1986 to 2010, annually from 2010 to 2014 and again biannually from 2014 onwards. Participants of the event are picked from a competitive pool of possible strong elite athletes for each respective state and are usually extremely proficient and skilled in their own respective disciplines.[1]
The Sukma Games is the largest and prestige national-level tournament in Malaysia. The tournament is held at every alternate year with Southeast Asian Games to explore new talents of the athletes highly potential to represent the nation at international sporting events.
The games rose from the proposal of the then Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, Anwar Ibrahim in 1983. At first, the proposal consisted of sports such as tennis, table tennis, cycling, athletics and volleyball, but due to popularity and fame, the sports and number of events increased.[1]
The Sukma Games concept is initiated to shape a united multi-racial society across the nation. The games fulfilled the Malaysia corporation concept where the government, sporting bodies, National Sports Council and non-governmental organizations are involved in managing its sponsorship.
Participating teams
The participating teams are mainly states and federal territories within Malaysia. Some invitational teams had been invited to a few Sukma Games. Eventually, as time passes all invitational teams except Brunei had ceased to participate in any Sukma Games followed by individual federal territories of Malaysia in which the latter had been merged into a single team begins 2006 onwards. Participating contingent with their respective Sukma Games Code are as below.[2]
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Notes:
- ^ Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya participated as a combined Federal Territory contingent since 2006. Given Putrajaya's small area and population, the Putrajaya contingent was never formed throughout Sukma Games history.
- ^ No longer participated in the games (historical team)
- ^ Not from within Malaysia.
- ^ Malaysian Universities Sports Council (Malay: Majlis Sukan Universiti Malaysia, abbreviated as MASUM)
- ^ Malaysian Schools Sports Council (Malay: Majlis Sukan Sekolah-sekolah Malaysia, abbreviated as MSSM)
- ^ Royal Malaysian Police (Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, abbreviated as PDRM)
- ^ Malaysian Armed Forces (Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, abbreviated as ATM)
Sports
The list below shows the sports that are played at all the Sukma Games since 1986.
Core sports
Optional sports
All-time medal table
Below shows the all time medal table of Sukma Games from 1986 to 2016. Defunct teams are highlighted in italics.
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 753 | 719 | 820 | 2292 |
2 | ![]() | 668 | 612 | 645 | 1925 |
3 | ![]() | 406 | 417 | 560 | 1383 |
4 | ![]() | 384 | 371 | 408 | 1163 |
5 | ![]() | 383 | 395 | 520 | 1298 |
6 | ![]() | 382 | 287 | 324 | 993 |
7 | ![]() | 324 | 339 | 469 | 1132 |
8 | ![]() | 278 | 339 | 442 | 1059 |
9 | ![]() | 274 | 276 | 279 | 829 |
10 | ![]() | 254 | 232 | 345 | 831 |
11 | ![]() | 251 | 278 | 339 | 868 |
12 | ![]() | 228 | 224 | 303 | 755 |
13 | ![]() | 192 | 193 | 260 | 645 |
14 | ![]() | 136 | 143 | 180 | 459 |
15 | ![]() | 55 | 64 | 140 | 259 |
16 | ![]() | 31 | 36 | 45 | 112 |
17 | ![]() | 17 | 17 | 15 | 49 |
18 | ![]() | 12 | 27 | 39 | 78 |
19 | ![]() | 5 | 14 | 30 | 49 |
20 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 10 | 14 |
21 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 9 | 13 |
22 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Total (22 States) | 5038 | 4987 | 6183 | 16208 |
- Total medals excluding 4th place
1986 Sukma Games
- Sports
- Participating states
- Key
* Host state (Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 36 | 32 | 22 | 90 |
2 | ![]() | 23 | 14 | 14 | 51 |
3 | ![]() | 13 | 8 | 14 | 35 |
4 | ![]() | 10 | 15 | 17 | 42 |
5 | ![]() | 9 | 20 | 21 | 50 |
6 | ![]() | 9 | 8 | 8 | 25 |
7 | ![]() | 9 | 4 | 7 | 20 |
8 | ![]() | 6 | 5 | 6 | 17 |
9 | ![]() | 5 | 5 | 11 | 21 |
10 | ![]() | 2 | 8 | 11 | 21 |
11 | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
12 | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
13 | ![]() | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
14 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
15 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
16 | ![]() | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
17 | ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total (17 States) | 127 | 127 | 152 | 406 |
1988 Sukma Games
- Sports
- Participating states
- Key
* Host state (Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 26 | 17 | 29 | 72 |
2 | ![]() | 24 | 18 | 15 | 57 |
3 | ![]() | 19 | 14 | 15 | 48 |
4 | ![]() | 12 | 12 | 22 | 46 |
5 | ![]() | 10 | 6 | 5 | 21 |
6 | ![]() | 9 | 3 | 9 | 21 |
7 | ![]() | 6 | 6 | 8 | 20 |
8 | ![]() | 6 | 3 | 5 | 14 |
9 | ![]() | 5 | 7 | 4 | 16 |
10 | ![]() | 4 | 12 | 8 | 24 |
11 | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
12 | ![]() | 3 | 20 | 21 | 44 |
13 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
14 | ![]() | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
15 | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
16 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
17 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Total (17 States) | 133 | 129 | 171 | 433 |
1990 Sukma Games
- Sports
- Participating states
- Key
* Host state (Sarawak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 44 | 17 | 18 | 79 |
2 | ![]() | 19 | 20 | 18 | 57 |
3 | ![]() | 17 | 22 | 24 | 63 |
4 | ![]() | 12 | 16 | 22 | 50 |
5 | ![]() | 11 | 18 | 34 | 63 |
6 | ![]() | 7 | 4 | 4 | 15 |
7 | ![]() | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 |
8 | ![]() | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
9 | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
![]() | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | |
11 | ![]() | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 |
12 | ![]() | 2 | 5 | 12 | 19 |
13 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
14 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
15 | ![]() | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
16 | ![]() | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
17 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Total (17 States) | 134 | 134 | 176 | 444 |
1992 Sukma Games
- Sports
- Participating states
- Key
* Host state (Johor)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 36 | 27 | 26 | 89 |
2 | ![]() | 26 | 21 | 22 | 69 |
3 | ![]() | 23 | 25 | 41 | 89 |
4 | ![]() | 22 | 28 | 22 | 72 |
5 | ![]() | 22 | 23 | 32 | 77 |
6 | ![]() | 18 | 10 | 21 | 49 |
7 | ![]() | 9 | 16 | 13 | 38 |
8 | ![]() | 7 | 6 | 12 | 25 |
9 | ![]() | 6 | 7 | 8 | 21 |
10 | ![]() | 6 | 5 | 3 | 14 |
11 | ![]() | 5 | 5 | 18 | 28 |
12 | ![]() | 5 | 5 | 8 | 18 |
13 | ![]() | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
14 | ![]() | 3 | 9 | 12 | 24 |
15 | ![]() | 3 | 4 | 10 | 17 |
16 | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
17 | ![]() | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Total (17 States) | 199 | 197 | 255 | 651 |
1994 Sukma Games
- Sports
- Participating states
- Key
* Host state (Perak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 39 | 28 | 30 | 97 |
2 | ![]() | 31 | 39 | 26 | 96 |
3 | ![]() | 28 | 41 | 33 | 102 |
4 | ![]() | 26 | 26 | 25 | 77 |
5 | ![]() | 21 | 16 | 20 | 57 |
6 | ![]() | 19 | 14 | 14 | 47 |
7 | ![]() | 17 | 13 | 22 | 52 |
8 | ![]() | 13 | 12 | 24 | 49 |
9 | ![]() | 8 | 5 | 20 | 33 |
10 | ![]() | 6 | 6 | 10 | 22 |
11 | ![]() | 5 | 12 | 7 | 24 |
12 | ![]() | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
13 | ![]() | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
14 | ![]() | 4 | 1 | 10 | 15 |
15 | ![]() | 3 | 8 | 2 | 13 |
16 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 8 | 9 |
17 | ![]() | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Total (17 States) | 230 | 228 | 263 | 721 |
1996 Sukma Games
- Participating states
- Sports
- Medal table
- Key
* Host state (Pahang)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 57 | 43 | 44 | 144 |
2 | ![]() | 56 | 49 | 52 | 157 |
3 | ![]() | 37 | 42 | 44 | 123 |
4 | ![]() | 34 | 27 | 32 | 93 |
5 | ![]() | 22 | 25 | 28 | 75 |
6 | ![]() | 20 | 19 | 22 | 61 |
7 | ![]() | 8 | 16 | 15 | 39 |
8 | ![]() | 8 | 11 | 11 | 30 |
9 | ![]() | 8 | 6 | 18 | 32 |
10 | ![]() | 6 | 4 | 10 | 20 |
11 | ![]() | 5 | 10 | 10 | 25 |
12 | ![]() | 5 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
13 | ![]() | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
14 | ![]() | 2 | 7 | 17 | 25 |
15 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
16 | ![]() | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 |
17 | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
18 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
19 | ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total (19 States) | 277 | 274 | 328 | 879 |
Edition
All states of Malaysia have held their respective Sukma Games, except Kelantan.[5][6][7]
Edition | Year | Host | Main Stadium | Start Date | End Date | Sports | Events | Contingents | Competitors | Champion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 1986 | Kuala Lumpur | Merdeka Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 19 April | 26 April | 15 | 127 | 17 | 3849 | Kuala Lumpur |
II | 1988 | Kuala Lumpur | Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur | 12 November | 19 November | 15 | 133 | 17 | 4214 | Selangor |
III | 1990 | ![]() | Sarawak State Stadium, Kuching | 18 July | 27 July | 15 | 134 | 17 | 2849 | Sarawak |
IV | 1992 | ![]() | Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru | 1 July | 11 July | 21 | 199 | 17 | 4405 | Sarawak |
V | 1994 | ![]() | Perak Stadium, Ipoh | 9 June | 18 June | 23 | 230 | 17 | 4523 | Sarawak |
VI | 1996 | ![]() | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 1 June | 10 June | 23 | 277 | 19 | 5206 | Selangor |
VII | 1998 | ![]() | Opening ceremony Shah Alam Stadium Closing ceremony Malawati Indoor Stadium | 17 April | 26 April | 25 | 264 | 16 | 3956 | Selangor |
VIII | 2000 | ![]() | Batu Kawan Stadium, Batu Kawan | 25 May | 4 June | 27 | 332 | 19 | 5875 | Selangor |
IX | 2002 | ![]() | Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu | 5 September | 14 September | 27 | 347 | 20 | 5324 | Selangor |
X | 2004 | ![]() | Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium, Seremban | 28 May | 6 June | 32 | 370 | 17 | 6000 | Selangor |
XI | 2006 | ![]() | Darul Aman Stadium, Alor Star | 24 May | 4 June | 31 | 370 | 16 | 4882 | Selangor |
XII | 2008 | ![]() | Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, Kuala Terengganu | 31 May | 9 June | 31 | 406 | 15 | 6000 | Terengganu |
XIII | 2010 | ![]() | Hang Jebat Stadium, Paya Rumput | 10 June | 19 June | 33 | 437 | 15 | 9237 | Terengganu |
XIV | 2011 | ![]() | KLFA Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 2 June | 12 June | 24 | 129 | 14 | 3368 | Terengganu |
XV | 2012 | ![]() | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 9 July | 16 July | 24 | 379 | 15 | 5828 | Terengganu |
XVI | 2013 | ![]() | Bukit Jalil National Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 28 June | 7 July | 23 | 132 | 14 | 3618 | Selangor |
XVII | 2014 | ![]() | Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, Kangar | 24 May | 4 June | 24 | 396 | 15 | 7815 | Federal Territory |
XVIII | 2016 | ![]() | Sarawak Stadium, Kuching | 23 July | 31 July | 24 | 382 | 15 | 5670 | Selangor |
XIX | 2018 | ![]() | Perak Stadium, Ipoh (Expected) | Future event | ||||||
XX | 2020 | ![]() | Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru (expected) | Future event | ||||||
List of the Sukma Games' Sportsman and Sportswoman
Edition | Year | Sukma Games' Sportsman | Sukma Games' Sportswoman | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Contingent | Sport | Name | Contingent | Sport | ||
I | 1986 | ||||||
II | 1988 | ||||||
III | 1990 | Gerard Liew | ![]() | Swimming | Tania Hamid Bugo | ![]() | Swimming |
IV | 1992 | Khoo Kah Hock | ![]() | Archery | Magdaline Goh | ![]() | Swimming |
Azmi Ibrahim (Most Promising Sportsman) | ![]() | Athletics | Shalin Zulkifli (Most Promising Sportswoman) | ![]() | Bowling | ||
V | 1994 | Azmi Ibrahim | ![]() | Athletics | Yew Chai Peng | ![]() | Athletics |
VI | 1996 | ||||||
VII | 1998 | Chai Song Lip | ![]() | Athletics | Ho Hsu Ee | ![]() | Swimming |
VIII | 2000 | Allen Ong | ![]() | Swimming | Sia Wai Yen | ![]() | Swimming |
IX | 2002 | Ng Shu Mun | ![]() | Artistic gymnastics | Ngew Sin Mei | ![]() | Athletics |
Petra Nabila Mustafa (Most Promising Sportswoman) | ![]() | Athletics | |||||
X | 2004 | Daniel Bego | ![]() | Swimming | Cindy Ong | ![]() | Swimming |
XI | 2006 | Zulkifli Che Rose | ![]() | Weightlifting | Lew Yih Wey | ![]() | Swimming |
XII | 2008 | Foo Jian Beng | ![]() | Swimming | Marellyn Liew | ![]() | Swimming |
XIII | 2010 | J. Karthik | ![]() | Athletics | Chan Kah Yan | ![]() | Swimming |
XIV | 2011 | Ahmad Shafie Abd Jabar | ![]() | Canoeing | Jupha Somnet | ![]() | Cycling |
XV | 2012 | Abdul Mubin Rahim | ![]() | Weightlifting | Frenceay Titus | ![]() | Weightlifting |
XVI | 2013 | Danniel Iskandar Richard | ![]() | Artistic gymnastics | Esmelda Arecia Menti Alfred Geling | ![]() | Artistic gymnastics |
XVII | 2014 | Muhammad Irfan Shamshuddin | ![]() | Athletics | Jelinie Empera | ![]() | Weightlifting |
XVIII | 2016 | Khairul Hafiz Jantan | ![]() | Athletics | Nur Aqilah Yusof | ![]() | Archery |
Previously Adopted Systems
Fourth Place-Points System
From 1998 to its abolition in 2006, Sukma Games adopted the Fourth Place-Points System to calculate the points collected by athletes for the contingent. Points were calculated based on the number of athletes in an event and teams were sorted in the medal table by the total number of medals and points and not sorted by the number of gold medals, followed by the number of silver medals, and bronze medals. The number of fourth places were also included in the medal table even though fourth place athletes are not among the medalists. The system applied to local contingents from 1998 to 2006 and the Brunei contingent in 2000 but did not applied to the Northern Territory contingent.
The points of the participating teams are calculated with the following method:
Number Of Athletes | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|---|
One and Two | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Three and Above | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
1998 Sukma Games | ||
---|---|---|
State | Fourth | Points |
![]() | 51 | 811 |
![]() | 26 | 523 |
![]() | 19 | 322 |
![]() | 23 | 297 |
![]() | 13 | 290 |
![]() | 10 | 150 |
![]() | 15 | 158 |
![]() | 12 | 125 |
![]() | 12 | 126 |
![]() | 8 | 123 |
![]() | 12 | 109 |
![]() | 11 | 95 |
![]() | 6 | 78 |
![]() | 0 | 19 |
![]() | 0 | 4 |
![]() | 0 | 4 |
Total | 218 | 3234 |
2000 Sukma Games | ||
---|---|---|
State | Fourth | Points |
![]() | 46 | 673 |
![]() | 48 | 649 |
![]() | 32 | 521 |
![]() | 25 | 403 |
![]() | 17 | 373 |
![]() | 25 | 330 |
![]() | 8 | 240 |
![]() | 17 | 204 |
![]() | 18 | 163 |
![]() | 6 | 131 |
![]() | 12 | 137 |
![]() | 5 | 103 |
![]() | 3 | 68 |
![]() | 1 | 49 |
![]() | 1 | 29 |
![]() | 1 | 16 |
![]() | 0 | 0 |
![]() | 0 | 9 |
![]() | 1 | 1 |
Total | 266 | 4099 |
2002 Sukma Games | ||
---|---|---|
State | Fourth | Points |
![]() | 47 | 655 |
![]() | 18 | 526 |
![]() | 43 | 537 |
![]() | 13 | 373 |
![]() | 32 | 419 |
![]() | 21 | 388 |
![]() | 19 | 339 |
![]() | 12 | 299 |
![]() | 14 | 188 |
![]() | 4 | 158 |
![]() | 7 | 157 |
![]() | 10 | 111 |
![]() | 2 | 44 |
![]() | 0 | 38 |
![]() | 0 | 20 |
![]() | 3 | 20 |
![]() | 2 | 17 |
![]() | 2 | N/A |
![]() | 1 | N/A |
![]() | 5 | 17 |
Total | 254 | 4306 |
2004 Sukma Games | ||
---|---|---|
State | Fourth | Points |
![]() | 35 | 684 |
![]() | 44 | 616 |
![]() | 32 | 516 |
![]() | 33 | 499 |
![]() | 20 | 412 |
![]() | 19 | 344 |
![]() | 16 | 304 |
![]() | 10 | 242 |
![]() | 19 | 315 |
![]() | 7 | 233 |
![]() | 15 | 189 |
![]() | 0 | 90 |
![]() | 9 | 80 |
![]() | 3 | 27 |
![]() | 3 | 22 |
![]() | 0 | 14 |
![]() | 1 | N/A |
Total | 266 | 4587 |
2006 Sukma Games | ||
---|---|---|
State | Fourth | Points |
![]() | 41 | 629 |
![]() | 19 | 426 |
![]() | 28 | 415 |
![]() | 39 | 507 |
![]() | 35 | 480 |
![]() | 39 | 407 |
![]() | 19 | 318 |
![]() | 27 | 369 |
![]() | 4 | 165 |
![]() | 12 | 234 |
![]() | 11 | 255 |
![]() | 2 | 181 |
![]() | 11 | 143 |
![]() | 5 | 63 |
![]() | 3 | N/A |
![]() | 5 | 19 |
Total | 300 | 4611 |
Annual Games System
On 27 May 2010, the Cabinet Committee for Sports Development (Malay: Jawatankuasa Kabinet Pembangunan Sukan (JKPS)) has decided that it should allow the states to rotate hosting the Sukma Games every even years and the National Sports Council itself every odd year to give chance for every sports competed and help the develop the sports in all directions and 'democratise' all the sports events,[11] hence started the "annual games" system. This, however has caused some states like Sarawak to lament on its so-called bad performance when the optional sports only Sukma Games in the odd years was held, while in fact they excel in the core sports only Sukma Games held by the states in the even years.[12] For example, they fell to the bottom three with only 2 Gold in the 2011 games which involved only optional sports. But in the 2012 Games in Pahang which involved only core sports, they won fourth place among the states competed. By combining the results of the 2011 and 2012 games, Sarawak is in fifth place overall among the participating states. This shows that some states might be weak in certain sports, but they are strong in the others. Besides, the implementation of the system saw the states sports agenda fully packed, and the state athletes and coaches lacked time to rest after a competition. Notably, Brunei did not participate in the optional sports games held in Kuala Lumpur, rather it participated only in the state held Sukma Games held in the even years as usual. The system was adopted from 2010 to 2014, and was abolished via a meeting in 2015.[13][14]
See also
- Sport in Malaysia
- Malaysia at the Olympics
- Malaysia at the Asian Games
- Malaysia at the Commonwealth Games
- Malaysia Para Games
References
- 1 2 (in Malay) "Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA)". National Sports Council of Malaysia. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- ↑ "Contingent code".
- ↑ Archived National Sports Council Sukma Games Medal Tally
- ↑ "Gemilang Magazine Sukma Sabah 2002" (PDF).
- ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
- ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
- ↑ "List of Champions of Sukma".
- 1 2 (in Malay) "Perak, Johor tuan rumah Sukma 2018, 2020". Sinar Harian. 14 May 2015.
- ↑ "Sukma 1992 Closed" (PDF).
- ↑ "Sukma 1998 Closed" (PDF).
- ↑ "Sukma 2011-an Effort 'Democratising' Sports In The Country". Bernama. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Sarawak in bottom three at Sukma XIV". The Borneo Post. June 14, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Sports Bodies Can Hold Their Own (Competition) After Sukma Cancelled". The Star. February 25, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
- ↑ "2015 Sukma Games Cancelled". Borneo Post.