Sukhoi

Sukhoi
Formerly called
 OKB-51
Division, Joint-Stock Company
Industry Aerospace and defense
Founded as OKB-51, 1939
Headquarters Begovoy District, Moscow, Russia
Key people

Pavel Sukhoi (Founder)
Igor Y. Ozar (General Director)

Yury B. Slusar (Chairman of Board of Directors)
Products Military aircraft
Civil airliners
Revenue Increase ₽47.8 billion (2011)[1]
Increase ₽7 billion (2011)[1]
Increase ₽5.2 billion (2011)[1]
Number of employees
 26,177 (2011)[1]
Parent United Aircraft Corporation
Website www.sukhoi.org/eng/

Sukhoi Company (JSC; Russian: ПАО «Компания „Сухой“») is a major Russian aircraft manufacturer, headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow,[2] and designs both civilian and military aircraft. It was founded by Pavel Sukhoi in 1939 as the Sukhoi Design Bureau (OKB-51, design office prefix Su). The Russian government merged Sukhoi with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Tupolev, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation.[3]

History

Soviet Era

Stalinist Era

The Sukhoi Design Bureau, designated as OKB-51, was an independent engineering and design department created by Pavel Sukhoi, a Soviet Russian aerospace engineer in September 1939, under a government resolution. The resolution also gave Sukhoi's team of the design bureau standalone status and relocation to the Production Aircraft Plant No. 135 in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Sukhoi was not satisfied with its location, since it was isolated from the scientific pole of Moscow. In Kharkiv, Sukhoi and his team introduced the short-range bomber, the BB-1, designed two years prior, for the Soviet Air Forces.[4] The BB-1 was accepted for production, and went into service, changing its name to the Su-2 in 1940. Sukhoi later relocated the bureau to the aerodrome of Podmoskovye in Moscow, completing half of the relocation by 1940. Sukhoi encountered another issue: the bureau had no production line, thus making it useless as Sukhoi had nothing to do. He had developed a new ground-attack plane, the Su-6, but Stalin decided that this plane should not be put into production, favouring production of the Ilyushin Il-2.

In the postwar years, Sukhoi was among the first Soviet aircraft designers who led the work on jet aircraft, creating several experimental jet fighters. Sukhoi and his team developed the Soviet Union's first booster aircraft control system, landing braking parachute, catapult ejection seat with telescopic trolley, and a jettisonable nose with a pressurized cockpit. From 1949, he fell out of Stalin's favor and in a government resolution, the Sukhoi Design Bureau was scrapped, and Sukhoi was forced to return to work under Andrei Tupolev, this time as Deputy Chief Designer. In 1953, the year of Stalin's death, he was permitted to re-establish his own Sukhoi Design Bureau.

Post-Stalinist Era

During the Cold War, Sukhoi's major serial combat aircraft included the supersonic Su-7, which became the main Soviet fighter-bomber of the 1960s, and interceptors Su-9 and Su-15, which formed the backbone of the PVO. He also pioneered variable-sweep aircraft, such as the Su-17 and Su-24. He also started a number of projects that were not developed, including the ambitious Mach-3-capable Sukhoi T-3 attack aircraft. The last fighter Sukhoi designed was the T-10 (Su-27) but he did not live to see it fly.

Contemporary Era

1990-2000

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, each of the multitude of bureaus and factories producing Sukhoi components was privatized independently. In the early 1990s, Sukhoi starts to diversify its products and initiated Sukhoi Civil Aircraft to create a line of civil projects for the company. The progress made by the new branch would lead to the development of the utility aircraft, the Su-80, and the agricultural aircraft, the Su-38, less than a decade later.[5] In 1996, the government re-gathered the major part of them forming Sukhoi Aviation Military Industrial Combine (Sukhoi AIMC).[6] In parallel, other entities, including Ulan Ude factory, Tbilisi factory, Belarus and Ukraine factories, established alternate transnational Sukhoi Attack Aircraft (producing e.g. Su-25 TM).[6]

Previous Sukhoi logo

2000-2010

The Sukhoi AIMC is composed of the JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau and the JSC Sukhoi Civil Aircraft, located in Moscow, the Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPA), located in Novosibirsk, and the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO), located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Sukhoi is headquartered in Moscow. Finmeccanica (since 2017, Leonardo) owns 25% + 1 share of Sukhoi's civil division.[7] The Russian government merged Sukhoi with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Tupolev, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation in February 2006.[8] Mikoyan and Sukhoi were placed within the same operating unit.[9] In September 2007, Sukhoi launched its first modern commercial regional airliner—the Superjet 100 (SSJ 100), a 78 to 98 seater, built by Sukhoi. It was unveiled at Komsomolsk-on-Amur.[10] The maiden flight was made on May 19, 2008.[11] In March 2008, Sukhoi was selected to design and produce the carbon fiber composite wings for Irkut's MC-21's airframe.[12] Sukhoi is also working on what is to be Russia's fifth-generation stealth fighter, the Sukhoi Su-57. The maiden flight took place on the 29 January 2010.[13]

2010-2017

As of January 23, 2015, Sukhoi is currently working on a family of the regional airliner: the Sukhoi Superjet 100, such as the jet airliner Superjet 130, which would have a seating capacity of 130 to 145 seats, and to bridge the gap of Russian aircraft between the Superjet Stretch and the Irkut MC-21.

Organization

Products

Military Aircraft
Name Image Year NATO Designation Name Purpose
Su-2
1937 None light bomber aircraft
Su-7
1959 Fitter A ground-attack aircraft
Su-9
1959 Fitter B interceptor fighter aircraft (nearly identical to the MiG-21 in appearance)
Su-11
1964 Fitter C interceptor fighter aircraft
Su-15
1965 Flagon interceptor fighter aircraft
Su-17/Su-20/Su-22
1970 Fitter D variable-wing ground-attack aircraft
Su-24
1970 Fencer jet bomber, variable-wing attack aircraft
Su-25
1975 Frogfoot ground attack aircraft
Su-27
1977 Flanker air superiority fighter
Su-33
1987 Flanker D carrier-based multi-role fighter aircraft
Su-30
1993 Flanker C multi-role strike fighter aircraft
Su-27M/Su-35
1995 Flanker E air superiority fighter aircraft
Su-30MK-2/MKK
2000 Flanker G MK-2: multi-role fighter aircraft

MKK: strike-fighter aircraft

Chinese variant of Su-30

Su-30MKI
2000 Flanker H air superiority fighter

Indian Air Force variant of Su-30

Su-80
2001 None twin-turboprop STOL transport aircraft
Su-34/Su-32
2006 Fullback Strike-fighter aircraft
Su-30MKM
2007 Flanker I air superiority fighter

Malaysian Air Force variant of Su-30

Civilian Aircraft
Su-26
1984 None single seat aerobatic aircraft
Su-29
1991 double seat aerobatic aircraft
Su-31
1992 single seat aerobatic aircraft
Su-80
2001 twin-turboprop STOL transport aircraft
Superjet 100
2008 regional aircraft

Experimental aircraft

Su-47 (S-37)
T-50

Planned aircraft

Note: The Sukhoi OKB has reused aircraft designations, for example: the Su-9 from 1946 and the later Su-9 from 1956, the former was not produced in quantity. Sukhoi prototype designations are based on wing layout planform. Straight and swept wings are assigned the "S" prefix, while delta winged designs(including tailed-delta) have "T" for a designation prefix.

Example: S-37 and T-10.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Controversies

On August 4, 2006, the U.S. State Department imposed sanctions on Sukhoi for allegedly supplying Iran in violation of the United States Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000. Sukhoi was prohibited from doing business with the United States Federal Government.[16] In November 2006, the U.S. State Department reversed its sanctions against Sukhoi.[17]

On 24 December 2016, the Russian aviation regulatory agency grounded six SSJ 100s operating in Russia after metal fatigue was found in a tail component of an aircraft operated by IrAero, leading Sukhoi to begin inspections of the entire in-service SSJ 100 fleet.[18] All SSJ 100s were inspected by SCA on December 27. Following the results of the inspection, the defect is not of a systemic nature and can be eliminated within a few days. The replacement of nodes on the aircraft with the defect identified (5 Aeroflot and 1 IrAero) will be completed by late January. Examination has confirmed that the issue is not a critical situation: the node features a multi-level redundant structure and has a safety margin which is more than twice the operational loads.[19] All Mexican SSJ 100s were also inspected.[20]

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Sukhoi annual financial 2011 report (in Russian)" (PDF). Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  2. ↑ "Contacts : Sukhoi Company (JSC)." Sukhoi. Retrieved on 17 December 2010. "23B, Polikarpov str., Moscow, 125284, Russia, p/b 604." (Direct link to map) – Address in Russian: "125284, Россия, Москва, ул. Поликарпова д. 23Б, а/я 604" (Direct link to Russian map)
  3. ↑ "Russian Aircraft Industry Seeks Revival Through Merger." The New York Times. February 22, 2006.
  4. ↑ www.3ebra.com, IT-Bureau Zebra -. "Sukhoi Company (JSC) - Company - The Company's history - Sukhoi Design Bureau (JSC)". www.sukhoi.org. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
  5. ↑ "JSC “Aviation Holding Company “Sukhoi”". www.uacrussia.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-07-22.
  6. 1 2 Austin, Greg (2000-07-14). The Armed Forces of Russia in Asia. pp. 291–292. ISBN 9781860644856.
  7. ↑ "Finmeccanica Will Buy 25% of Sukhoi Civil Aircraft." Bloomberg.com. February 21, 2006.
  8. ↑ "Russian Aircraft Industry Seeks Revival Through Merger". The New York Times. February 22, 2006.
  9. ↑ Su-35 "In Parallel" With PAK-FA Archived March 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ Reuters, PREVIEW-Russia eyes new aviation glory with Superjet
  11. ↑ Russian News and Information Agency
  12. ↑ RIA Novosti (13 March 2008). "Sukhoi wins bid to build wings for new MS-21 passenger plane". Sputnik News.
  13. ↑ Venäjällä esiteltiin uusi hävittäjäkone | Ulkomaat | YLE Uutiset | yle.fi
  14. ↑ KR-860 Ultraheavy transport and passenger aircraft.
  15. ↑ Russian fifth-generation fighter jet takes to the air. Retrieved: 12 July 2011.
  16. ↑ "Russia slams U.S. sanctions on Russian arms companies". People's Daily Online. 2006-08-05.
  17. ↑ US lifts sanctions on jet maker Sukhoi – World – GMA News Online – Latest Philippine News
  18. ↑ "Russia Grounds Its Newest Airliner Over Safety Concerns". The New York Times. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  19. ↑ http://www.scac.ru/en/mediacenter/%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B-sukhoi-superjet-100-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8327-12-2016/2016/
  20. ↑ https://sputniknews.com/world/201612271049027824-mexico-sukhoi-superjet-100/
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