Streaked shearwater

Streaked shearwater
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Calonectris
Species: C. leucomelas
Binomial name
Calonectris leucomelas
Temminck, 1835

The streaked shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) is a species of seabird. The adult bird averages 48 cm (19 in) in length, with a 122 cm (48 in) wingspan.

This species is pelagic, but is also found in inshore waters. It occurs in the Pacific Ocean, nesting in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, predominately on their offshore islands.[2][3][4][note 1][note 2] After breeding, the streaked shearwater migrate south, feeding in the seas off northern New Guinea, the Arafura Sea, and the South China Sea.[2] Calonectris leucomelas have also been reported well off the west coast of the United States,[5] from the southern coast of India,[6] and from New Zealand.[7]

The streaked shearwater feeds mainly on fish and squid. It follows fishing boats, attracted to anchovy crawls off Japan and have been known to be taken as by-catch in nets or drowned when ingesting the bait on long-line fishing lines.

The streaked shearwater nests in burrows. It prefers forested hills.

This bird is abundant and widespread, however some mortality occurs through becoming entangled in fishing nets, and from some predation by cats and rats. In addition, it is harvested by some traditional endemic human cultures.

Notes

  1. ↑ See figure 1 in Hart 2015, p. 56 for a Korean distribution map.
  2. ↑ South Korean breeding sites include Sasu Island (사수도) and Chilbal Island (칠발도) where they are threatened by rat depredation. Lee, Kyung-gyu; Yoo, Jeong-chil (2002). "Breeding Population of Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) and the Effect of Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Predation on Sasudo Island". Journal of the Yamashina Institute of Ornithology. 33: 142–147.; Nam, Ki-Baek; Lee, Kyung-Gyu; Hwang, Jae-Woong; Yoo, Jeong-Chil (2014). "Variation in Breeding Burrows of Streaked Shearwaters Breeding in Sasu Island, and Predation Rates by Norway Rats". Ocean & Polar Research. 36 (1): 49–57. doi:10.4217/OPR.2014.36.1.049.

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2015). "Calonectris leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 Yamamoto, Takashi; et al. (2010). "At-sea distribution and behavior of streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) during the nonbreeding period". Auk. 127 (4): 871–881. doi:10.1525/auk.2010.10029.
  3. ↑ Sugawa,, Hisashi; Karino, Kiyotaka; Ohshiro, Akio; Hirai, Masashi (2014). "Long-term trends in breeding site fidelity of streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas" (PDF). Marine Ornithology. 42: 11–15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2017.
  4. ↑ Hart, Kirk A.; et al. (2015). "Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas of the Korean Peninsula: Distribution, status and potential threats". Forktail. 31: 55–63.
  5. ↑ Herrick, Samuel F.; Hanan, Doyle A. (1988). A review of California entangling net fisheries, 1981-1986. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS SWFC-108. Southwest Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
  6. ↑ Praveen, J. (2014). "Pelagic offshore birding from Southern India 2013" (PDF). Sea Swallow. 63: 46–48.
  7. ↑ Robertson, Christopher John Rutherford; Bell, Ben D. (1984). "Seabird status and conservation in the New Zealand region". In Croxall, John Patrick; et al. Status and Conservation of the World’s Seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication no. 2. Cambridge, England: International Council for Bird Preservation. pp. 573–586. ISBN 978-0-946888-03-0.

Further reading


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