Hanover County, Virginia

Hanover County, Virginia
Current Hanover County Courthouse
Seal
Location in the U.S. state of Virginia
Virginia's location in the U.S.
Founded	1720
Named for	Electorate of Hanover
Seat	Hanover Courthouse
Largest town	Ashland
Area
• Total	474 sq mi (1,228 km2)
• Land	469 sq mi (1,215 km2)
• Water	5 sq mi (13 km2), 1.1%
Population
• (2010)	99,863
• Density	213/sq mi (82.2/km²)
Congressional district	1st
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website	www.co.hanover.va.us

Hanover County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 99,863.^[1] Its county seat is Hanover Courthouse.^[2]

Hanover County is included in the Greater Richmond Region.

History

Located in the Piedmont of Virginia, Hanover County was created on November 26, 1719, from the area of New Kent County called St. Paul's Parish. It was named for the Electorate of Hanover in Germany, because King George I of Great Britain was Elector of Hanover at the time. The county was developed by planters moving west from the Virginia tidewater, where soils had been exhausted by tobacco monoculture.

Hanover County was the birthplace and home of noted American statesman Patrick Henry. He reportedly married Sarah Shelton in the parlor of her family's house, Rural Plains, also known as Shelton House. At the Hanover Courthouse, Henry argued the case of the Parson's Cause in 1763, attacking the British Crown's attempt to set the salaries of clergy in the colony regardless of conditions in the local economy. The historic Hanover Courthouse is pictured in the county seal. Hanover County was also the birthplace of Henry Clay, who became known as a politician in Kentucky, author of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and Secretary of State.

The Chickahominy River forms the border of the county in the Mechanicsville area. During the American Civil War and the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, the Union Army approached the river and could hear the bells of Richmond's churches. But they learned that the river was a major obstacle. Union General George B. McClellan failed in his attempt to get all his troops across it, intending to overwhelm the outnumbered Confederate forces defending Richmond. His failure to take Richmond has been said to have prolonged the war by almost 3 years. Hanover County was the site of Civil War battles due to its location between Richmond and northern Virginia, including the Seven Days Battles of the Peninsula Campaign and Battle of Cold Harbor in 1864.^[3]

The incorporated town of Ashland is located within Hanover County. Ashland is the second and current home of Randolph-Macon College.

In 1953, Barksdale Theatre was founded at the historic Hanover Tavern. It was the nation's first dinner theater and central Virginia's first professional theatre organization.^[4] The Barksdale company continues to produce live theatre at the Tavern, as well as at several locations in Richmond. It is recognized today as Central Virginia's leading professional theatre.

Kings Dominion amusement park opened in 1975 in Doswell and added to the county's economy. In January 2007, America's Promise named Hanover County as one of the top 100 communities for youth.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 474 square miles (1,230 km²), of which 469 square miles (1,210 km²) is land and 5 square miles (13 km²) (1.1%) is water.^[5]

Hanover County is about 90 miles (140 km) south of Washington, D.C., and about 12 miles (19 km) north of Richmond, Virginia.^[6]

Adjacent counties

• Caroline County (north)
• Goochland County (southwest)
• Henrico County (south)
• King William County (northeast)
• Louisa County (west)
• New Kent County (east)
• Spotsylvania County (northwest)

Major highways

• I‑95
• I‑295
• US 1
• US 33
• US 301
• US 360
• SR 2
• SR 30
• SR 54
• SR 326

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	14,754		—
1800	14,403		−2.4%
1810	15,082		4.7%
1820	15,267		1.2%
1830	16,253		6.5%
1840	14,968		−7.9%
1850	15,153		1.2%
1860	17,222		13.7%
1870	16,455		−4.5%
1880	18,588		13.0%
1890	17,402		−6.4%
1900	17,618		1.2%
1910	17,200		−2.4%
1920	18,088		5.2%
1930	17,009		−6.0%
1940	18,500		8.8%
1950	21,985		18.8%
1960	27,550		25.3%
1970	37,479		36.0%
1980	50,398		34.5%
1990	63,306		25.6%
2000	86,320		36.4%
2010	99,863		15.7%
Est. 2016	104,392	[7]	4.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2012[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 99,863 people residing in the county. 86.7% were White, 9.3% Black or African American, 1.4% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% of some other race and 1.5% of two or more races; 2.1% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 86,320 people, 31,121 households, and 24,461 families residing in the county. The population density was 183 people per square mile (71/km²). There were 32,196 housing units at an average density of 68 per square mile (26/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 88.32% White, 9.34% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. 0.98% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 31,121 households out of which 39.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.40% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.40% were non-families; 17.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71, and the average family size was 3.07.

In the county, the population was spread out with 27.10% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.90 males; for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $77,550, and the median income for a family was $90,812. The median income was $46,864 for males and $32,662 for females. The per capita income for the county was $34,241. About 3.54% of families and 5.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.90% of those under age 18 and 5.80% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential Elections Results^[13]

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2016	63.2% 39,630	30.9% 19,382	5.9% 3,711
2012	67.6% 39,940	31.0% 18,294	1.4% 824
2008	66.4% 37,344	32.8% 18,447	0.8% 457
2004	71.4% 35,404	28.1% 13,941	0.5% 266
2000	68.8% 28,614	29.0% 12,044	2.2% 927
1996	63.6% 22,086	28.5% 9,880	8.0% 2,758
1992	59.4% 20,336	23.4% 8,021	17.2% 5,904
1988	77.0% 20,570	22.4% 5,985	0.6% 163
1984	79.3% 18,800	20.4% 4,831	0.4% 87
1980	70.0% 14,262	26.4% 5,383	3.6% 723
1976	64.7% 11,559	34.0% 6,069	1.3% 231
1972	81.2% 11,095	16.1% 2,200	2.7% 368
1968	50.0% 5,425	19.2% 2,079	30.8% 3,343
1964	63.0% 4,879	37.0% 2,864	0.1% 8
1960	59.4% 3,020	39.8% 2,023	0.8% 42
1956	54.1% 2,272	26.4% 1,109	19.5% 821
1952	59.8% 2,257	40.2% 1,518	0.1% 2
1948	38.1% 838	47.6% 1,048	14.4% 316
1944	28.0% 575	71.7% 1,471	0.2% 5
1940	21.2% 364	78.4% 1,347	0.5% 8
1936	18.8% 327	80.5% 1,397	0.7% 12
1932	17.9% 238	80.6% 1,073	1.6% 21
1928	41.6% 592	58.4% 831
1924	14.9% 135	80.9% 732	4.2% 38
1920	19.8% 224	79.7% 903	0.5% 6
1916	11.7% 102	87.0% 760	1.4% 12
1912	12.4% 87	86.8% 609	0.9% 6

Board of supervisors^[14]

Ashland District: Faye O. Prichard (D)

Beaverdam District: Aubrey M. "Bucky" Stanley (R)

Chickahominy District: Angela C. Kelly-Wiecek (R)

Cold Harbor District: Scott A. Wyatt. (R)

Henry District: Sean M. Davis (R)

Mechanicsville District: W. Canova Peterson (R)

South Anna District: Wayne T. Hazzard (R)

Constitutional officers

Clerk of the Circuit Court: Frank D. Hargrove, Jr. (R)

Commissioner of the Revenue: T. Scott Harris (R)

Commonwealth's Attorney: R. E. "Trip" Chalkley, III (R)

Sheriff: David R. Hines (R)

Treasurer: M. Scott Miller (R)

Hanover is represented by Republicans Ryan T. McDougle and Siobhan Dunnavant and Democrat A. Donald McEachin in the Virginia Senate, Republican Buddy Fowler and Christopher K. Peace in the Virginia House of Delegates and Republican Rob Wittman in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Education

Hanover County has fifteen elementary schools, four middle schools, four high schools, one alternative school, and one technology school. The four high schools are Atlee High School, Hanover High School, Lee-Davis High School, and Patrick Henry High School. Forbes magazine named Hanover County as one of the top fifty counties in the United States for student achievement vs. cost per student.

Economy

Hanover County has the lowest real estate property tax rate in the Richmond Region, which makes for a competitive business location.^[15] Some of the major businesses that have taken advantage of the tax rate include: Bass Pro Shops, FedEx Ground, and The Vitamin Shoppe. These businesses located in the county with help from the Hanover County Economic Development and the Greater Richmond Partnership, regional economic development organizations.^[16]

Top employers^[17]

Employer	Sector	Number of Employees
Hanover County	Government/Education	1000+
Bon Secours	Health Care	1000+
Kings Dominion	Amusement Park	1000+
Tyson Farms	Food Processing	500-999
SuperValu	Food Distributor	500-999
Randolph-Macon College	Private Education	500-999
Walmart	Retail	250-499
Owens & Minor	Corp HQ/Distribution	250-499
Media General	Newspaper Publishers	250-499
QubicaAMF	Corp HQ/Athletics Manufacturing	250-499
Kroger	Retail	250-499
Food Lion	Retail	250-499
Sheltering Arms	Rehabilitation Hospital	250-499
Martin’s Food Store	Retail	250-499

Communities

Town

• Ashland

Census-designated places

• Hanover (Hanover Courthouse)
• Mechanicsville

Other unincorporated communities

Notable natives and residents

• Henry Clay (1777-1852), U.S. Secretary of State, Speaker of the House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Kentucky.
• Samuel Davies (1723-1761), came from Pennsylvania to lead and minister to the religious dissenters in Hanover County, during the First Great Awakening. He set up licensed congregations starting in 1743, eventually helped found the first presbytery in Virginia (the Presbytery of Hanover), evangelized slaves (remarkable in its time), and influenced the young Patrick Henry, who traveled with his mother to listen to sermons.^[18]
• London Ferrill (1789–1854), African-American antebellum Baptist minister. Born here, he gained freedom from slavery as a carpenter and migrated with his wife to Lexington, Kentucky. Ordained by the First Baptist Church, in 1824 he was called as the second preacher of the First African Baptist Church, the oldest black Baptist church west of the Allegheny Mountains. He served for 31 years, building the congregation to 1,820 members by 1850, when it was the largest church in Kentucky, white or black.
• Patrick Henry (1736-1799), American statesman and lawyer, noted for his "Give me liberty, or give me death!" speech in 1775.
• Thomas Hinde (1737-1828), personal physician to Patrick Henry and physician during the American Revolutionary War.
• Thomas S. Hinde (1785-1846), real estate speculator, Methodist minister, and founder of Mount Carmel, Illinois.
• Jason Mraz (1977-) Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter
• Edmund Ruffin (1794-1865), planter and agronomist, lived here on his plantation Marlbourne; he was important for pioneering methods of crop rotation and soil enrichment, and was a Fire-Eater activist for the South, credited with firing the first shot at Fort Sumter in 1861.

See also

• Hanover County Sheriff’s Office
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Hanover County, Virginia

References

• Hanover County District Information

External links

• Hanover County Economic Development
• Hanover Herald-Progress newspaper
• Mechanicsville Local newspaper
• Mechanicsville News

Coordinates: 37°46′N 77°29′W / 37.76°N 77.49°W / 37.76; -77.49