Super Mario

Super Mario
The latest Super Mario series logo.
Genres	Platformer
Developers	Nintendo EAD (1985–2016) Nintendo EPD (2016–present)
Publishers	Nintendo
Creators	Shigeru Miyamoto
Composers	Koji Kondo Mahito Yokota
Platforms	List Android Arcade Game & Watch Game Boy Advance Game Boy Game Boy Color GameCube iOS Nintendo 3DS Nintendo 64 Nintendo DS Nintendo Entertainment System Nintendo Switch NEC PC-8801 Sharp X1 Super Nintendo Entertainment System Wii Wii U
Platform of origin	Nintendo Entertainment System
First release	Super Mario Bros. September 13, 1985
Latest release	Super Mario Run December 15, 2016
Spin-offs	Luigi series Wario series Yoshi series Mario Kart series Mario Party series

Super Mario (Japanese: スーパーマリオ, Hepburn: Sūpā Mario) is a series of platform video games created by Nintendo featuring their mascot, Mario. Alternatively called the Super Mario Bros. (スーパーマリオブラザーズ, Sūpā Mario Burazāzu) series or simply the Mario (マリオ) series, it is the central series of the greater Mario franchise. At least one Super Mario game has been released for every major Nintendo video game console and handheld.

The Super Mario games follow Mario's adventures in the fictional Mushroom Kingdom, usually with Mario as the player character. He is usually joined by his brother, Luigi, and occasionally by other members of the Mario cast. As in platform video games, the player runs and jumps across platforms and atop enemies in themed levels. The games have simple plots, typically with Mario rescuing the kidnapped Princess Peach from the primary antagonist, Bowser. The first title in the series, Super Mario Bros., released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1985, established gameplay concepts and elements prevalent in nearly every Super Mario game since. These include a multitude of power-ups and items that give Mario special magic powers such as fireball-throwing and size-changing into giant and miniature sizes.

The Super Mario series is part of the greater Mario franchise. This includes other video game genres as well as media such as film, television, printed media and merchandise. Over 310 million copies of games in the Super Mario series have been sold worldwide, as of September 2015, making it the best-selling video game series in history.^[1]

Games

Super Mario Bros.

The game was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and is the first side-scrolling 2D platform game to feature Mario. It established many core Mario gameplay concepts. The brothers Mario and Luigi live in the Mushroom Kingdom, where they must rescue Princess Toadstool (later called Princess Peach) from Bowser. The game consists of eight worlds, each with four sub-levels. Though the worlds differ in themes, the fourth sub-level is always a fortress or castle that ends with a fight against Bowser (or one of his minions disguised as him).^[2] The game was immensely successful, and is one of the best-selling video games of all time.

Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels

The sequel to the original Super Mario Bros. was released as Super Mario Bros. 2 in Japan. It uses the original Super Mario Bros. engine with additions such as weather, new character movements, and much more complex levels, altogether yielding a much higher difficulty. The main game follows the same style of level progression as Super Mario Bros., with eight initial worlds each with four levels. The last levels of the eight worlds is a lava-filled castle that culminates in a battle against Bowser. This sequel was not released outside Japan in this time period, because Nintendo of America did not want the Mario series to be known for frustrating difficulty, to be inaccessible to a steadily broadening market of American video game players, nor to be stylistically outdated by the time the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2 could be eventually delivered to America.^[3] The game later debuted outside Japan in 1993, as "Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels" in the compilation titled Super Mario All-Stars for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). The original Famicom version was released for the Wii's Virtual Console service in September 2007 in all regions, listed as "Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels" outside Japan. A later Super Mario All-Stars Wii port, titled Super Mario All-Stars 25th Anniversary Edition, features the exact SNES gameplay and adds Wii Remote, Classic Controller, and GameCube controller compatibility.

Super Mario Bros. 2

The game was known in Japan as Super Mario USA. In it, Mario and his companions are out to stop the evil frog Wart in the Subcon dreamland. Based on a discarded prototype which had been intended to become the Super Mario Bros. sequel,^[4] the game was instead originally released as Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic, and then was ultimately converted back into a Mario game for the rest of the world as Super Mario Bros. 2, before being named in Japan as Super Mario USA as part of Super Mario All-Stars. One of the game's most defining aspects is the ability to pluck vegetables from the ground to throw at enemies. This is also the first Super Mario game to use a life meter, which allows Mario and the other playable characters to be hit up to four times before dying.^[3]

Super Mario Bros. 3

The game is divided into eight themed worlds, each with 6–10 levels and several bonus stages displayed as locations on a mapped overworld. These locations are not necessarily in a linear order, and the player is occasionally permitted to skip levels or play the game out of order. Completed levels cannot be replayed. Every world's final level is a boss stage. The penultimate boss stage is a side-scrolling level atop an airship ("Doom Ship") with a fight against one of Bowser's seven Koopalings. The game introduced a diverse array of new power-ups, including flight as Raccoon Mario. Bowser is again the final boss.

Super Mario Land

Super Mario Land was the first handheld Super Mario title after the Game & Watch port of Super Mario Bros., and was released for the Game Boy. As with other games in the series, it is a sidescrolling platformer in which Mario sets out to save Princess Daisy by defeating the "Mysterious Spaceman" named Tatanga. The game consists of twelve levels split across four worlds.

Super Mario World

It was released for the SNES and consists of nine worlds displayed via a world map overworld. Most of the 72 levels have one exit, though some have hidden second exits. Mario's new moves include a spin jump and the rideable Yoshi who can eat enemies and either swallow or spit them out. Power-ups include the returning Super Mushroom, Fire Flower and Super Star, and the new Cape Feather, based on Super Mario Bros. 3's Super Leaf, which lets Mario and Luigi fly with a cape.

Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins

The game introduces Mario's rival, Wario, who had taken over Mario's castle during the events of Super Mario Land and forces Mario to collect the six golden coins to reclaim his castle. While its predecessor is similar to the original Super Mario Bros., Super Mario Land 2 has more in common with later games. The player is no longer restricted to moving towards the right. A bell at each level's end activates a minigame, where the player can try to get extra lives. There are 32 levels, based on several themed worlds each with its own boss. Three power-ups return: the Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, and Super Star. The game introduces the Carrot power-up, which gives Mario large rabbit ears that let him glide when falling for a limited time. Its story was continued in Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3, which would retroactively become the first of a spin-off series, Wario Land.

Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island

Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island is considered by Miyamoto to be part of the Super Mario series^[5] with its sequels forming a spin-off series. In the game, Yoshi carries Baby Mario across Yoshi's Island to find Luigi. It is considered a prequel to all other Super Mario games, portraying the birth of the Mario Bros. The primary goal is delivering Baby Mario safely to the end of each level, where he is transferred to the back of another Yoshi, who does the same. When Yoshi is struck by an enemy, Baby Mario is ejected from Yoshi's back and floats around in a bubble while crying as a timer counts down until Yoshi pops the bubble. If the time counts down to zero, Baby Bowser's minions fly on screen and kidnap Baby Mario, prematurely resetting the level. The game has a childlike aesthetic, with environments stylised like crayon drawings. Yoshi's Island has received sequels that have spun off from the Super Mario series, including Yoshi's Story, Yoshi's Island DS, and Yoshi's New Island.

Super Mario 64

The game was the first 3D and open world game in the series, and a launch title for Nintendo's Nintendo 64 home console. Each level, or course, is an enclosed environment where the player is free to explore in all directions without time limits. The player collects Power Stars that appear after completing tasks to unlock later courses and areas.^[6] The Nintendo 64's analog stick makes an extensive repertoire of precise movements in all directions possible. The game introduced new moves such as punching, triple jumping, and using a Wing Cap to fly. It is the first Super Mario series game to feature Charles Martinet's voice acting for Mario. Mario must once again save Princess Peach from Bowser, and collect up to 120 Power Stars from the paintings and return them to her castle, the overworld. There are a total of 105 Power Stars in the paintings, with 15 hidden in the castle. The game's power-ups differ from previous games, instead as three different hats with temporary powers: the Wing Cap, allowing Mario to fly; the Metal Cap, turning him into metal; and the Vanish Cap, allowing him to walk through obstacles.

Super Mario Sunshine

The second 3D Super Mario title was released on the GameCube. In it, Mario and Peach travel to Isle Delfino for a vacation when a Mario doppelgänger appears and vandalizes the entire island. Mario is sentenced to clean the island with a water-squirting accessory, F.L.U.D.D. Super Mario Sunshine shares many similar gameplay elements with its predecessor, Super Mario 64, but also introduces new moves, like spinning while jumping, while a lot of new actions are available through the use of F.L.U.D.D. The game contains a number of independent levels, which can be reached from the hub, Delfino Plaza. Mario collects Shine Sprites by completing tasks in the levels, which unlock new levels in Delfino Plaza by way of new abilities and plot-related events.^[7] Sunshine introduces Bowser's only child, Bowser Jr. as an antagonist. Yoshi also appears again for Mario to ride in certain sections.

New Super Mario Bros.

The game was released on the Nintendo DS as a reboot of the Super Mario Bros. sub-series. In it, Mario and Luigi set out to save Peach from Bowser Jr. The gameplay is 2D, but most of the characters and objects are 3D on two-dimensional backgrounds, resulting in a 2.5D effect. The game uses an overworld map similar to that of Super Mario Bros. 3 and Super Mario World. Some levels have multiple exits. The classic power-ups (Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, and Super Star) return alongside the Mega Mushroom, Blue Shell, and Mini Mushroom. The Mega Mushroom briefly turns Mario (or Luigi) into an invincible giant that destroys everything in his path, the Blue Shell protects Mario from harm and allows him to slide (depending on speed), and the Mini Mushroom shrinks Mario to very small size, which allows him to fit through tight spaces.

Super Mario Galaxy

The Wii game is set in outer space, where Mario travels between "galaxies" to collect Power Stars, earned by completing quests or defeating enemies. Each galaxy contains a number of planets and other space objects for the player to explore. The game's new physics system gives each celestial object its own gravitational force, which lets the player completely circumnavigate rounded or irregular planetoids by walking sideways or upside down. The player is usually able to jump from one independent object and then fall towards another close object. Though the main gameplay and physics are in 3D, there are several points in the game in which the player's movements are restricted to a 2D axis. Several new power-ups appear, and many of these return in its sequel, Super Mario Galaxy 2.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii

In the home console successor of New Super Mario Bros. Peach is captured by Bowser Jr. and the Koopalings during her birthday party in her castle, and Mario, Luigi, and two Toads (blue and yellow) spring into action to save her. The game features 4-player co-op and new power-ups: the Propeller Mushroom, the Ice Flower, and the Penguin Suit. The Propeller Mushroom launches the player into the air by shaking the Wii Remote. The Penguin Suit enhances traction of sliding and speed and agility of swimming abilities, in addition to the ice ball projectiles that are provisioned by the Ice Flower. Players can ride Yoshi. Like in its predecessor, there are three hidden Star Coins to find in each level, which can be used to unlock movies with gameplay tips. It was released in November 2009 and was met with commercial success and several awards.^[8][9]

Super Mario Galaxy 2

The sequel to Super Mario Galaxy was initially developed as an expansion pack to the first game, although was eventually developed into its own game, being released on May 23, 2010. It retains the basic premise of its predecessor, but includes new items and power-ups. These include the Cloud Flower, which allows Mario to create platforms in mid-air, and the Rock Mushroom, which turns Mario into a rolling boulder. Also, Mario can ride Yoshi. It was released to widespread critical acclaim.

Super Mario 3D Land

The first original 3D Super Mario title on an handheld console was released for Nintendo 3DS in November and December 2011. It was an attempt to translate the gameplay of the 2D games into a 3D environment, by simplifying the control scheme of the 3D games and using more linear levels. It also brought back several older gameplay features, including the Super Leaf power-up last seen in Super Mario Bros. 3. Like its predecessors, it was released to critical acclaim.

New Super Mario Bros. 2

The direct sequel of New Super Mario Bros. released in July and August 2012 for the Nintendo 3DS. As with the game's predecessors, the player (as Mario or Luigi) must save Princess Peach from Bowser and the Koopalings, but the game's secondary goal is to collect one million coins. Several new gameplay elements were introduced to help achieve this goal, such as the Gold Flower, a rarer variant of the Fire Flower that turns items into coins.^[10][11]

New Super Mario Bros. U

The Wii U follow-up to New Super Mario Bros. Wii, was released on November 18, 2012 in North America. It plays similarly to the previous New Super Mario Bros. titles, but introduces both a Flying Squirrel suit that lets the players glide through the air, and asymmetric gameplay that allows the player holding the GamePad to influence the environment. On June 20, 2013, New Super Luigi U was released as a downloadable content (DLC) package for the game, featuring shorter but more difficult levels, starring Luigi. It was subsequently released as a standalone retail game on August 25, 2013 in North America.^[12] Unlike the downloadable content version, the standalone retail version of New Super Luigi U does not require having New Super Mario Bros. U to play it.

Super Mario 3D World

The sequel to Super Mario 3D Land was released for the Wii U on November 22, 2013 in North America, and utilised the same gameplay mechanics.^[13] It introduced three new power-ups, the Super Bell (which turns the characters into cats to attack and scale walls), Lucky Bell, and Double Cherry (which creates a clone of the character that collects it). Like Super Mario Bros. 2, it features Princess Peach and Toad as playable characters in addition to Mario and Luigi. Unlike it, however, Rosalina from Super Mario Galaxy is also unlocked later in the game.

Super Mario Maker

A video game creation tool released for the Wii U in September 2015,^[14] Super Mario Maker allows players to create their own levels based on the gameplay and style of Super Mario Bros., Super Mario Bros. 3, Super Mario World, and New Super Mario Bros. U, and share their creations online. Despite being based on existing games, several new gameplay mechanics were introduced for the game, with existing ones also available to be mixed together in new ways. A Nintendo 3DS version of the game, called Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS, was released in December 2016. It featured a few new pre-installed levels, but no online level sharing.

Super Mario Run

A side-scrolling and auto-scrolling video game released in December 2016 for the iOS platform and March 2017 for Android. This game marked the first Mario game to be developed for mobile devices, and featured simplified controls, to the point that it was promoted as being playable with only one hand.

Super Mario Odyssey

Due to be released on October 27, 2017 for Nintendo Switch,^[15] Super Mario Odyssey will be a return to the open-world "sandbox" 3D style of game last seen in Super Mario Sunshine. No new power-ups are featured. However, after Mario's cap is possessed by a spirit named Cappy, he is able to use it to temporarily "capture" enemies and objects and utilise their powers. Like previous sandbox 3D games, the game's worlds contain a large variety of objectives that can be achieved in a non-linear order before progressing.

Releases

Below is a table showing releases of Super Mario video games. It does not include games released on LCD systems.

Common elements

The objective is to progress through levels by defeating enemies, collecting items and solving puzzles without dying. Power-up use is integral to the series. The series has had instalments featuring both two and three-dimensional gameplay. In the 2D games, the player character (usually Mario) jumps on platforms and enemies while avoiding their attacks and moving to the right of the scrolling screen. 2D Super Mario game levels have single-exit objectives, which must be reached within a time limit and lead to the next sequential level. Super Mario Bros. 3 introduced the overworld, a map of nonlinear levels that branches according to the player's choice.^[16] Super Mario World introduced levels with multiple exits.

3D instalments in the series have had two subgenres: open world exploration based games and more linear 3D games with a predetermined path.^[17] Levels in the open world games, 64, Sunshine and Odyssey, allow the player to freely explore multiple enclosed environments in 360 degree movement. As the game progresses, more environments become accessible.^[18] The linear 3D games, whose titles include either "Galaxy" or "3D", feature more fixed camera angles and a predetermined path to a single goal.

Items

Most items in the Super Mario series appear from item blocks, which originated in Super Mario Bros. and persist throughout the series, where Mario hits a block to receive either coins or power-ups.

Mushrooms

UGO described the Super Mushroom as "the quintessential power-up".^[19]

Mushroom power-ups appear in almost every Super Mario game. The most iconic of these is the Super Mushroom.^[19][20] The Super Mushroom increases Mario's size, turning him into "Super Mario", and allows him to break certain blocks. When hit by an enemy, Mario reverts to his smaller size instead of losing a life.^[19] When Mario is in his "Super" form, most blocks that would contain a Super Mushroom instead offer a more powerful power-up such as the Fire Flower. The Super Mushroom is similar in appearance to the Amanita muscaria, with an ivory stalk below a most commonly red and white (originally red and orange) spotted cap. Created by chance, Shigeru Miyamoto stated in an interview that beta tests of Super Mario Bros. proved Mario too tall, so the development team implemented mushrooms to grow and shrink Mario.^[21]

The Poison Mushroom, first introduced in the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2, is a dark blue-capped mushroom that has the same effect as getting hit by an enemy or spike when touched. In later games, the Poison Mushroom looks almost exactly like the Super Mushroom with a red cap, but has a meaner-looking face.

The Mini Mushroom is a small blue mushroom, a recurring item in the New Super Mario Bros. series, which shrinks Mario into miniature size, allowing him access areas and pipes that Mario normally cannot reach. Mini Mario also jumps higher, floats midair, bounces off enemies without hurting them except by ground pounding, and can run across the surface of water and then jump from it as if he was on land. Mario is more vulnerable in this form and loses a life upon receiving one hit in miniature form. The Mini Mushroom in New Super Mario Bros. U lets Mario run up walls.^[22]

The Mega Mushroom, introduced in New Super Mario Bros. and further appearing in New Super Mario Bros. 2 and Super Mario 3D World, is a more recent addition to the series that grows Mario into a towering, invulnerable giant who destroys enemies and the environment by running through them. It has an orange-yellow cap with red spots, like the Super Mario Bros. Super Mushroom, but with an inflated cap. Super Mario 64 DS features an item simply called "Mushroom"^[23] that grants the same abilities as the Mega Mushroom.

In the Super Mario Galaxy franchise, the Bee Mushroom gives Mario the Bee Suit, and the Spring Mushroom puts Mario inside a metallic coil. The Mystery Mushroom in Super Mario Maker provides a "costume" based on one of many characters in addition to the abilities of the Super Mushroom.

1-Ups

1-Up is a common item shown as a green and white mushroom, its appearance similar to the Super Mushroom's, which gives Mario an extra life. They were introduced in Super Mario Bros., sometimes hidden in invisible item blocks, and typically displayed as orange caps with green spots. In the 3D games, 1-Ups will sometimes appear when walking in particular areas. 1-Ups can take other forms, such as the 3-Up Moon from Super Mario World and New Super Mario Bros. U.

Projectile flowers

The flower power-ups let Mario shoot projectiles. The Fire Flower, introduced in Super Mario Bros., transforms Mario into Fire Mario, who can throw bouncing fireballs at enemies. Super Mario Galaxy was the first 3D Mario platformer game to have the Fire Flower. In Super Mario Land, the Superball is a bouncing ball obtained from a Super Flower, which Mario can use to defeat enemies and collect coins. The Ice Flower transforms Mario into Ice Mario, where he can shoot balls of ice as projectiles similar to that of the Fire Flower; it freezes enemies in a block of ice, to be used as platforms or as thrown projectiles.^[9] In Super Mario Galaxy, this item turns Mario into ice and lets him walk on lava or water for a limited time by freezing the surface. In New Super Mario Bros. Wii and New Super Mario Bros. U, it instead allows Mario to throw ice projectiles that freeze enemies inside an ice cube, rendering them immobile. Mario then has the option of picking up this resulting ice cube, for use as a projectile. Lastly, New Super Mario Bros. 2's Gold Flower lets Mario turn bricks into coins and earn bonus coins for defeating enemies.

Invincibility

Invincibility is an effect first appearing in the three Super Mario Bros. games, where it is granted by a "Starman",^[24][25][26] an anthropomorphized, flashing star. The star has also been named the "Super Star" in the two Super Mario World games^[27][28] and the "Rainbow Star" in the two Super Mario Galaxy games. Picking up the star makes Mario temporarily invincible, able to resist any harm. Use of the item is accompanied by a distinctive music track that appears consistently across most of the games. The player character flickers a variety of colors — and in some titles, moves with increased speed and enhanced jumping ability — while under the Star's influence. While invincible, Mario kills any enemy upon contact with it. In Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, the star gives the normally immobile baby Mario the ability to run as well as become invincible. In Super Mario 64, invincibility is provided when Mario wears the metal cap or the vanish cap. The Mega Mushroom provides invincibility with the addition of giant size and environment destruction (see Mushrooms).

Power Stars and course tokens

The games often feature collectibles found in levels in order to progress in the overworld, most frequently with the visual motif of a star. They are typically situated in locations that are not readily found or reached, or awarded for completing stunts, or objectives given by NPCs. They include the Power Star in Super Mario 64 and the Super Mario Galaxy games, Shine Sprites in Super Mario Sunshine, Star Coins in the New Super Mario Bros. games and Super Mario 3D Land, and Green Stars in the Galaxy games and Super Mario 3D World. In Super Mario Land 2, there are six Golden Coin tokens that must be collected to finish the game.

Flying

Flight is a common theme throughout the series, first enabled with the magic carpet item in the international Super Mario Bros. 2. The Super Leaf and Tanooki Suit items, first appearing in Super Mario Bros. 3 provide Mario with an animal-suited tail, which in turn acts as a flight propeller. The Tanooki Suit returns in Super Mario 3D Land, and the Super Leaf returns in New Super Mario Bros. 2. In the New Super Mario Bros. games, the Spin Block and the Propeller Mushroom let Mario spin up into the air and slowly descend. In Super Mario Land, Mario pilots a yellow airplane with unlimited ammunition called the Sky Pop. Super Mario World introduces various forms of flight: the feather item provides a cape, the P Balloon puffs Mario into a floating balloon figure, and Yoshi can carry a blue Koopa shell which gives him wings. In Super Mario 64, flight is granted by a Winged Cap. In New Super Mario Bros. U, Mario has limited flight and gliding capabilities in a Flying Squirrel suit and can also command a pink Baby Yoshi to puff up into the form of a floating balloon. In Super Mario Galaxy, Mario can obtain a special red star that transforms him into Flying Mario for a limited time. Lakitu's cloud can be commandeered in several of the side-scrolling games.

Power-up suits

Several suits work as power-ups, many of which are based on animals. Debuting in Super Mario Bros. 3, the Raccoon Suit (provisioned by a Super Leaf) and the Tanooki Suit each provide Mario with a tail which acts as a flight propeller. In addition, the Tanooki Suit lets Mario spontaneously change into an invincible statue for about five seconds. In Super Mario 3D Land, the Raccoon Suit reappears and is accompanied by a silver-colored variation called a Statue Leaf.^[29] Super Mario Bros. 3 includes a Hammer Bros. suit, which allows Mario to throw hammers as projectiles, to defeat enemies at a distance, taking what the Hammer Bros does to Mario and turning it around. While wearing the suit and ducking, Mario is invulnerable to fire attacks. The Hammer Suit was so powerful that in later games, it was downgraded.Super Mario 3D Land features a "Boomerang Suit" which provisions long-distance boomerang projectiles. Other animal suits include the Frog Suit, Tanooki Suit, Penguin Suit, Cat Suit and Bee Suit.

Coins

Super Mario level design traditionally incorporates many distributed coins as puzzles and rewards. Most Super Mario games award the player an extra life once a certain amount of yellow coins are collected, commonly 50 or 100. Several coin variants exist, such as silver coins, dragon coins, star coins, and more.

In Super Mario 64, Super Mario Sunshine, Super Mario Galaxy, and Super Mario Galaxy 2, coins replenish health (and air, when Mario is underwater). In Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine, collecting 100 coins in a level results in a Power Star or Shine Sprite respectively. There are also stages in that game reward a Power Star for collecting eight red coins in a level, worth two normal coins each. In Super Mario 64, a blue coin is worth five normal coins. In Super Mario Sunshine, blue coins act as a side quest when brought to the Delfino Bank.

In Super Mario Galaxy and Super Mario Galaxy 2, after finishing each game once, stages unlock where Mario can collect a certain amount of purple coins to earn a Power Star. In Super Mario Galaxy 2, they can also be used to feed some hungry "Luma" characters that can turn into either an item or another planet.

Warp Pipes and Warp Cannons

The Warp Pipe is a common method of transportation used in many of the Mario series games. Warp Pipes are most often green but also appear in other colors (early games included silver pipes, newer games have introduced red, green, blue and yellow pipes), and have many uses in the series. Warp Pipes can also contain enemies, usually Piranha Plants, and sometimes launch the player into the air (most commonly seen in New Super Mario Bros.). In early Mario games such as Super Mario Bros., special, well-hidden areas known as Warp Zones contain pipes that allow players to skip several worlds (handfuls of levels) at once.^[30] In the New Super Mario Bros. series, pipe-shaped Warp Cannons work similarly to the Warp Zones of the earlier games and are unlocked by finding secret exits in levels. Cannons appear in most of the 3D games in the series starting with Super Mario 64. Mario uses the cannon by jumping into the barrel, aiming himself and being fired at a distant target. This allows Mario to progress through a level or reach an otherwise inaccessible area.

Yoshi

Mario's dinosaur friend Yoshi has appeared as a mount to the player character in several Super Mario games since Super Mario World. In the sequel, Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, a tribe of Yoshi had found Mario and helped him to save Baby Luigi. In this game and Super Mario 64 DS, instead of the player merely riding on Yoshi's back, Yoshi is the player character. Yoshis generally have abilities including eating enemies, flying, and breathing fire. Miyamoto had originally wished for Mario to be able to ride a dinosaur in Super Mario Bros., but this wasn't possible due to the technical restraints of the system.

Settings

• The Mushroom Kingdom (キノコ王国, Kinoko Ōkoku) is the primary Super Mario series setting, having been introduced in Super Mario Bros. The Mushroom Kingdom is also the setting for the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2, the New Super Mario Bros. games, Super Mario 3D Land and Super Mario Run. It is a monarchy and its heir is Princess Peach. Though Princess Peach, Mario and Luigi are human, most citizens of this area are the mushroom-like Toads. While the main characters of the series reside in the Mushroom Kingdom, their adventures have extended to other settings.
• Super Mario Bros. 2 introduced Subcon, a mysterious world from Mario's dream. It was taken over by the frog king Wart.
• Super Mario Bros. 3 is set in the Mushroom World, a collection of eight kingdoms. Seven of these are "Mushroom Kingdoms", ruled by independent Mushroom Kings. The different kingdoms are Grass Land (a plains kingdom), Desert Hill (a desert kingdom), Ocean Side (an ocean kingdom), Big Island (a kingdom where everything is larger), The Sky (a kingdom which consists of the ground level and the sky level), Iced Land (an arctic kingdom), and Pipe Maze (a small island kingdom filled with a maze of Warp Pipes). The eighth world is referred to as "Dark Land" and is ruled by Bowser: King of the Koopas. The instruction manual for the game states Bowser had taken over the Mushroom Kingdom, and the Mushroom Kingdom is a gateway to the Mushroom World. This is never elaborated upon in Super Mario Bros. 3, but Super Mario Galaxy reveals that the Mushroom World is a planet.
• Super Mario Land takes place in Sarasaland. It is ruled by Princess Daisy. The species in Sarasaland are range from tiki monsters to aliens to gigantic sphinxes, as well as enemies similar to enemies from other games in the series. The kingdoms that make up Sarasaland include Birabuto (an Ancient Egypt-like kingdom), Muda (an ocean kingdom), Easton (an Easter Island-like kingdom), and Chai (an Ancient China-like kingdom).
• Super Mario World introduced Dinosaur Land, a separate continent where Mario, Luigi, and Princess Toadstool vacation after the events of Super Mario Bros. 3.^[31] Yoshi's Island, the setting of Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, is located within Dinosaur Land. The other areas consist of Donut Plains, Vanilla Dome, Twin Bridges, Forest of Illusion, Chocolate Island, Valley of Bowser, Star World, and Special World.
• Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins introduced Mario Land, a region which belongs to Mario.
• Super Mario 64 introduced Peach's Castle, which serves as a hub world. The worlds in the game are reached by jumping into paintings, which are portals to imaginary worlds created by Bowser. As such, the game is largely not set in the Mushroom Kingdom. However, Peach's Castle itself is located in the Mushroom Kingdom and specifically Toad Town as seen since Paper Mario. This was also shown to be the case in more recent games like Super Mario Galaxy and its sequel Super Mario Galaxy 2.
• Super Mario Sunshine introduced Isle Delfino, a tropical island somewhere outside the Mushroom Kingdom. It contains several harbors, beaches, hotels, parks, and villages. Instead of Toads or humans, most of the residents on Isle Delfino are tropical creatures called Nokis and Piantas. Its main village Delfino Plaza serves as the central hub world in Super Mario Sunshine. Different areas of the island can be accessed through portals created by spray paint in different parts of the plaza. Besides Delfino Plaza, the different locations of Delfino Island are Delfino Airstrip, Bianco Hills, Ricco Harbor, Gelato Beach, Pinna Park, Sirena Beach, Noki Bay, Pianta Village, and Corona Mountain. While Isle Delfino has only appeared in one game in the Super Mario series, it has been commonly used in Mario spin-off games, including the Mario Kart series.
• Super Mario Galaxy and Super Mario Galaxy 2 are set in outer space and contain various galaxies.
• Super Mario 3D World takes place in the Sprixie Kingdom, where the Sprixies live.

Development and history

Music

Much of the original Super Mario Bros. music and sound effects have become iconic to the series and incorporated into modern games. The original Super Mario Bros. theme, composed by Koji Kondo, has become well known around the world.^[32] The theme from the underwater levels of Super Mario Bros. frequently appears as title screen music in the series, including in Super Mario Sunshine, the main intros and titles of all four Super Mario Advance titles, and the Super Mario All-Stars versions of the four NES games.

Reception

The Super Mario series is one of the most popular and enduring series of all time. The series is ranked as the best game franchise by IGN.^[76] The original Super Mario Bros. was awarded the top spot on Electronic Gaming Monthly's greatest 200 games of their time list^[77] and IGN's top 100 games of all-time list twice (in 2005 and 2007).^[78] Super Mario Bros. popularized side-scrolling video games and provided the basic concept and mechanics that would persist throughout the rest of the series. Super Mario Bros. sold 40.24 million copies, making it the best-selling video game of the whole series.^[79]

Super Mario Bros. 3 is often regarded as one of the Nintendo Entertainment System's greatest games; Nintendo Power rated the game sixth on their list of the 200 Greatest Nintendo Games. The game was 14th on Electronic Gaming Monthly's list. Super Mario World also received very positive scores, with a 94.44% aggregate review score on GameRankings.^[44] Nintendo Power ranked the game eighth best overall to be released on a Nintendo console in their Top 200 Games list.^[80]

Super Mario 64, as the first 3D platform game in the Mario series, established a new archetype for the genre, much as Super Mario Bros. did for 2D side-scrolling platformers. It is acclaimed by many critics and fans as one of the greatest and most revolutionary video games of all time.^{[81][82][83][84][85][86]} Guinness World Records reported sales of 11.8 million copies for Super Mario 64 at the end of 2007.^[87]

Super Mario Sunshine also received critical acclaim by game reviewers. IGN praised the addition of the water backpack (F.L.U.D.D.) for improving the gameplay,^[88] and GameSpy commented on the "wide variety of moves and the beautifully constructed environments".^[89] GameSpot and Computer and Video Games, however, called the game "unpolished", with the latter going so far as to insinuate that it was unfinished.^[90][91]

Of all the Mario games released, Super Mario Galaxy and its sequel Super Mario Galaxy 2 are the most highly acclaimed Mario video games among both professional critics and ordinary gamers. Extolled for their creativity, special effects, graphics, and soundtrack, the two have not only been rated as some of the best Mario games created, but also as some of the greatest games ever made in video game history, according to sites such as IGN and TopTenReviews. GameRankings, a website that aggregates game scores and rankings from well-established video game critics, gives Super Mario Galaxy an aggregate ranking of 97.64%,^[59] making it the best-ranked game on the site.^[92]

Super Mario 3D Land was also highly commercially and critically successful, being the third best-selling 3DS game. Its sequel, Super Mario 3D World for the Wii U, was even more critically acclaimed than its predecessor.

Sales

Games in the Super Mario series have had consistently strong sales. Super Mario Bros. is the second best-selling single video game (second to Wii Sports), with 40.23 million units sold. It is also the best-selling Nintendo Entertainment System console title, with its two sequels, Super Mario Bros. 3 (18 million copies) and Super Mario Bros. 2 (10 million copies), ranking in second and third place respectively.^[94] Super Mario World is the best-selling game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System console, selling 20 million copies. Super Mario World is also the seventh best-selling game of all time. Super Mario 64 sold the most copies for the Nintendo 64 (11 million), whereas Super Mario Sunshine is the second best-selling game (5.5 million) on the GameCube (second to Super Smash Bros. Melee). Super Mario Galaxy has sold 12.5 million units as of March 2015, and is the ninth best-selling game for the Wii.^[99]

The Super Mario series also sold well on handheld consoles. Super Mario Land has sold 14 million copies, and is the fourth best-selling game for the Game Boy. Its sequel, Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins, sold 2.7 million copies, placing twelfth. New Super Mario Bros. for the Nintendo DS sold 30.79 million units, making it the best-selling game for the console. Super Mario 64 DS sold 11.05 million copies, making it the eighth best-selling game for the Nintendo DS.^[98]

For all console and handheld games that have not been bundled with a console, Super Mario Bros. 3 is the fourth best-selling game, whereas New Super Mario Bros. is fifth, Super Mario Land is eleventh, and Super Mario 64 is eighteenth.

References

External links

• Official website

Super Mario series
Main games	Console Super Mario Bros. The Lost Levels Super Mario Bros. 2 Super Mario Bros. 3 Super Mario World Yoshi's Island Super Mario 64 Super Mario Sunshine Super Mario Galaxy New Super Mario Bros. Wii Super Mario Galaxy 2 New Super Mario Bros. U New Super Luigi U Super Mario 3D World Super Mario Maker Super Mario Odyssey Handheld Super Mario Land 6 Golden Coins New Super Mario Bros. Super Mario 3D Land New Super Mario Bros. 2 Super Mario Run
Other games	Super Princess Peach Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker Mini Mario & Friends: Amiibo Challenge
Remakes	Super Mario All-Stars Super Mario Advance Super Mario Advance 2 Super Mario Advance 3 Super Mario Advance 4 Super Mario 64 DS
Mario video games

Mario franchise
List of video games featuring Mario
Game series	Main Super Mario Mario Kart Mario Party Mario Artist Mario vs. Donkey Kong Genre Educational games Puzzle games Racing games Role-playing games Sports games Sub-series Donkey Kong Luigi Wario Yoshi LCD games Game & Watch
Other games	Mario Bros. Pinball Mario Paint Hotel Mario Mario's Game Gallery Mario Clash Mario Pinball Land Super Princess Peach Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker
Cancelled games	Super Mario's Wacky Worlds Super Mario 128 Super Mario Spikers
Universe	Characters Mario Donkey Kong Luigi Toad Bowser Princess Peach Birdo Koopalings Princess Daisy Yoshi Wario Diddy Kong Waluigi Bowser Jr. Fawful Rosalina Other Mushroom Kingdom Recurring enemies Goomba Koopa Troopa Hammer Bro. Lakitu Boo Super Mario Bros. theme "World 1-1"
Other media	TV series Nintendo Comics System Film Anime film Super Mario Adventures Gamebooks Unofficial media
People	Shigeru Miyamoto Koji Kondo Charles Martinet Satoru Iwata Takashi Tezuka Mahito Yokota
See also	Nintendo Super Smash Bros.
Mario video games Mario characters Mario category Mario portal

Nintendo franchises
Mario	Super Mario Mario Kart Mario Party Donkey Kong Luigi Yoshi Wario
Others	Animal Crossing Art Academy Art Style Bit Generations Brain Age Chibi-Robo! Cruis'n Custom Robo Excite Famicom Detective Club F-Zero Fire Emblem Game & Watch Golden Sun Kid Icarus Kirby The Legendary Starfy The Legend of Zelda Metroid Mother Nintendogs Pikmin Pilotwings Pokémon Pushmo Punch-Out!! Puzzle League Rhythm Heaven/Rhythm Tengoku Sheriff Sin and Punishment Space Fever Splatoon StarTropics Star Fox Steel Diver Super Smash Bros. Touch! Generations Wars Wave Race Wii Xenoblade Chronicles