Ivanjica

Ivanjica
Ивањица
Town and municipality
Clockwise, from top: Town panorama, 19th century "Stone Bridge", town center promenade

Seal
Etymology: Salix caprea (sr. Vrba iva)

Location of the municipality of Ivanjica within Serbia
Coordinates: 43°34′52″N 20°13′47″E / 43.58111°N 20.22972°E / 43.58111; 20.22972Coordinates: 43°34′52″N 20°13′47″E / 43.58111°N 20.22972°E / 43.58111; 20.22972
Country  Serbia
Region Šumadija and Western Serbia
District Moravica
Settlements 49
Founded 1833
Town status 16 June 1866 (1866-06-16)
Founded by Mihailo Obrenović
Government
 • Mayor Zoran Lazović (SNS)
Area
Area rank 8th
 • Town 3.88 km2 (1.50 sq mi)
 • Municipality 1,090 km2 (420 sq mi)
Elevation 468 m (1,535 ft)
Highest elevation
(Jankov Kamen peak)		 1,833 m (6,014 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Rank 50th
 • Town 11,715
 • Town density 3,000/km2 (7,800/sq mi)
 • Municipality 31,963
 • Municipality density 29/km2 (76/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Ivanjičani
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 32250
32251
32252
32253
32254
32255
32256
32258
32259
Area code(s) +381(0)32
ISO 3166 code SRB
Vehicle registration IC
Website www.ivanjica.rs

Ivanjica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивањица, pronounced [ǐʋaɲitsa]) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of western Serbia. The population of the town is 11,715, while the population of the municipality is 31,963 inhabitants. With an area of 1090 km², it is the eighth largest municipality in Serbia.

The municipality has large potato and raspberry plantations in which many locals are employed. It is also known for the cultural event Nušićijada and as being the birthplace of World War II Chetnik leader, Draža Mihailović.

History

Panorama of Ivanjica in 1941.

Following the Serbian Revolution which took place in early 19th century, and Serbian liberation from the Ottoman Empire, Ivanjica has gained the status of village in 1833, after the Prince of Serbia, Miloš Obrenović took the area.[1] Ivanjica got the status of a town on 16 June 1866 through the Prince Mihailo Obrenović’s decree, thus becoming one of the first towns in the region.[2]

With the 1878 Congress of Berlin recognition of the independence of Principality of Serbia, King Milan I founded the Kingdom of Serbia. In 1918, Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed, following the World War I. From 1929 until the beginning of the World War II, Ivanjica was part of Drina Banovina.

With the end of World War II, Ivanjica was part of Užice Oblast. At the time, Ivanjica was the administrative center of so called Moravica County (Serbian Cyrillic: Моравички срез). That changed in 1964, when counties were replaced with regions and municipalities, thus creating the municipality of Ivanjica, as a part of Užice District.[2] Since the founding, Ivanjica's population mostly lived in the rural areas, with less than 5% living in the town. That began to change with the period of industrialisation which hit Ivanjica during the 1960s. That caused the rural population to move to the urban areas of municipality. Until the 1990s urban population made up to 31% of total municipality's population.

Following the Government of Serbia Enactment of 29 January 1992, Ivanjica became part of Moravica District, with the administrative center in Čačak, thus becoming more connected to the region.[2] In 2003, a monument of Draža Mihailović, former Chetniks leader who was born in Ivanjica, was set in town center on his 110th birth anniversary.[3]

Today, Ivanjica is a modern little town and the municipality with around 32,000 citizens. It is the economic, cultural, administrative and health care center of the municipality. Its economy and development are based on agriculture, lumber industry and tourism.[4]

Culture and tourism

Cultural monuments

The Old Bazaar (Serbian Cyrillic: Stara čaršija) - stands in the center of the town, which was declared good for a remarkable stationary culture in 1987.[5] The center of the town, especially the main street, Milinka Kušića, retains its original appearance dating back to the middle of the 19th century. Most of the structures were built after the Great Fire in 1846, which burned the town to the ground which was stopped after some houses where blown up to prevent spread.[6] The Old Bazaar was used for a decades as backdrop for movies and TV shows in the golden-age of Yugoslavian cinematography. Promotion of the Old Bazaar as a place for making films started with Soja Jovanović making the first version of Branislav Nušić's Sumnjivo lice, in the 1950s. Later Zdravko Šotra made the TV show Više od igre,[7] and after that, the movies Sok od šljiva and Užička republika. The 19th century ambiance of the area was desirable for these films, and Ivanjica was named "Little Hollywood".[8]

There are several cultural monuments in the area of the Old Bazaar:

Culture institutions and events

The main cultural institutions in the area include the Ivanjica Culture Centre and the Svetislav Vulović Library.

Some of cultural events are: Hunters’ Fair and Wolf Hunt, Parade of Folk Creative Work - Sounds of Golija, Motorcycle Meetings in Ivanjica, Most Beautiful Love Poem Competition, If May Were All the Time, Parade of Reciters and others.

In 2010, cultural event Nušićijada was renewed by initiative of Cultural Artistic Society "Dom Kulture" from Ivanjica.[10]

Tourism

The beginnings of the development of tourism in Ivanjica municipality are connected with the 1930s when Ivanjica was proclaimed to be a spa and a climatic place.[11]

Tourists visiting the Ivanjica municipality are drawn by its natural and cultural resources, history and tradition, the identity of numerous sites and the cordiality of Ivanjica’s hosts. Ivanjica has a number of tourism sites, including those supporting sports, hunting and fishing, excursion, congress, festival and event tourism. This municipality was proclaimed to be the first air spa in Serbia in January 2000,[11] while Golija Mountain is Biosphere reserve under the UNESCO protection.[12] The municipality has around 1000 beds in classified facilities and around 200 beds in village households, in the town and in the suburbs.

In 1978, the Institute for Specialized Rehabilitation was opened and it operates as a state institution which has both medical and tourist character. Its core activity is medical rehabilitation and provision of services based on recreational medical tourism.[13][11] Air spa of Ivanjica spreads on 2,165 hectares with 7 hectares belonging to the Institute for Specialized Rehabilitation.

Ivanjica also has several transport links to the Serbian Orthodox Church monasteries of Pridvorica (25 km), Kovilje (28 km) and Studenica (41 km).

Geography and infrastructure

Ivanjica lies in the southwest of Serbia, at the bank of the Moravica river. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges of Golija, Javor, Mučanj, Čemerno and Radočelo and is in a valley. Ivanjica's highest elevation is 1833 m, at the Jankov Kamen peak. The mountains in this area belong to the Dinaric range. The local environment includes forests and clearings, pastures, springs and rivers, wild fruit, 'medicinal' herbs and various game.

The river system of the municipality and its neighborhood is made up of clear fast-flowing mountain rivers: the Moravica, the Studenica and the Nošnica which, together with their tributaries, curve down the Moravica mountains. There are and two small lakes: Nebeska Suza and Tičar Lake.[14]

Ivanjica lies on IB-21 highway which intersects with IB-23 highway in Požega.

Location

Užice (65 km),
Zlatibor (81 km)		 Arilje (30 km),
Požega (44 km),
Čačak (76 km),
Belgrade (195 km)		 Kraljevo (72 km),
Kragujevac (106 km)
Sarajevo (249 km) Kruševac (130 km),
Niš (217 km)
Sjenica (64 km),
Nova Varoš (74 km),
Podgorica (260 km)		 Novi Pazar (104 km),
Tutin (106 km)

Economy and industry

The municipality of Ivanjica, with a total area of 1090 km², has 49.54% under forests, 47% of arable land and only 3.40% of non-arable land.[15] The economy of Ivanjica municipality is typified by the processing industry, lumber processing, production of textile products and production of raspberry and potato.

Ivanjica belongs to group of economically underdeveloped part of Serbia, with the level of GDP in the range of 60% to 80% of the national average.[16] Coverage of imports by exports is 92%. There are 362 active enterprises in the municipality of Ivanjica. Small enterprises make 95% of the total number of enterprises.[17]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
194837,891—    
195340,258+6.2%
196140,526+0.7%
197139,233−3.2%
198137,887−3.4%
199136,686−3.2%
200235,445−3.4%
201131,963−9.8%
Source: [18]

According to the latest official census done in 2011, the municipality of Ivanjica had 31,963 inhabitants. About 63.3% of the municipality’s population is living in the rural areas. Population density of the municipality is 29.3 inhabitants per square kilometer. There is a trend of population decline since the 1960s. The reasons for this trend are bad economic conditions in Serbia, negative natural increase rate and majority of the older population. Depopulation is typical for villages because of the migrations to urban and other areas. The municipality of Ivanjica has 10,388 households with 3,03 members on average, while the number of homes is 13,469.[19]

Religion structure in the municipality of Ivanjica is predominantly Serbian Orthodox (31,541), with minorities like Atheists (26), Catholics (22), Muslims (15) and others.[20] Most of the population speaks Serbian language (31,658).[20]

Estimated composition of population by sex and average age are:[20]

The total of 11,595 citizens have secondary education (36.3%), while the 2,167 citizens have higher education (6.8%). Of those with higher education, 1,182 (3.7%) have university education.[21]

Ethnic composition

Most of Ivanjica’s population is of Serbian nationality (98.6%). The ethnic composition of the municipality:

Ethnic group Population
1931[22]		 Population
1948[23]		 Population
1953[24]		 Population
1961[25]		 Population
1971[26]		 Population
1981[27]		 Population
1991[28]		 Population
2002[29]		 Population
2011[30]
Serbs - 32,597 36,154 34,161 38,919 37,331 36,111 35,021 31,507
Romani - - - 2 1 10 8 33 29
Montenegrins - 19 69 41 65 79 134 68 24
Albanians - - 9 10 13 16 - - 13
Macedonians - 8 14 15 17 21 - 12 13
Croats - 13 43 11 12 24 12 9 9
Muslims - 1 - 3 12 5 11 6 8
Gorani - - - - - - - 7 7
Yugoslavs - - 2 1 20 265 245 32 7
Others - 159 29 47 174 136 286 257 346
Total 24,820 32,797 36,320 34,291 39,233 37,887 36,686 35,445 31,963

Notable residents

Draža Mihailović, leader of Chetniks movement, was born in Ivanjica

Settlements

Aside from the town of Ivanjica, the municipality of Ivanjica includes the following 48 settlements:

Sport

There are 28 sports clubs in the municipality of Ivanjica. The dominant sports are football, basketball, volleyball, archery and winter sports. According to results, the most successful sport club is a football club FK Javor Ivanjica, which was founded in 1912. In 2012 this football club was celebrating its centenary from club founding.[31] This club was a continuous member of the First League for the last several years. Other popular sport clubs are OK Putevi volleyball club and KK Ivanjica basketball club, playing in the lower, regional leagues of western Serbia.

On the territory of Ivanjica municipality there are 6 football fields, 2 indoor swimming pools, 2 outdoor swimming pools, 3 gyms, one air rifle range, 29 outdoor fields for recreation, one athletics track, one chess hall and 2 sports halls.[32]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "IVANJICA". srbijanac.rs. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "Položaj (Ivanjica)". wpsajt.ivanjica.gov.rs. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Demokratski Draža". vreme.com (in Serbian). 8 May 2003. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  4. ↑ "ECONOMY (Ivanjica)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Official website of Municipality of Ivanica". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  6. ↑ "Cultural monuments of Serbia". Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  7. ↑ "Intervju: Petar Božović - Slike iz bivšeg sveta". vreme.com (in Serbian). 15 January 2000. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "Mali Holivud na obali Moravice". blic.rs (in Serbian). 2 March 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  9. ↑ "Tourist Organisation of Ivanjica". Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  10. ↑ "Humor, zabava, starogradski duh - Danas". Naslovi.net. 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  11. 1 2 3 "Vazdušna banja". ivanjica.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  12. ↑ "GOLIJA-STUDENICA". unesco.org. UNESCO. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "TOURISM (Ivanjica)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  14. ↑ "POSITION (Ivanjica)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Opština IVANJICA". skgo.org (in Serbian). Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  16. ↑ "Stepen razvijenosti za 2014. godinu". regionalnirazvoj.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  17. ↑ "Privreda". ivanjica.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  18. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  19. ↑ "Number and the floor space of housing units" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  20. 1 2 3 "Religion, Mother tongue, and Ethnicity" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Republički zavod za statistiku. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  21. ↑ "Educational attainment, literacy and computer literacy" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  22. ↑ "PRISUTNO STANOVNISTVO PO VEROISPOVESTI I MATERWEM JEZIKU" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  23. ↑ "STALNO STANOVNISTVO PO NARODNOSTI" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  24. ↑ "UKUPNO STANOVNIŠTVO PO NARODNOSTI (1953)" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  25. ↑ "Knjiga III: Nacionalni sastav stanovništva FNR Jugoslavije (1961)" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  26. ↑ "Knjiga III: Nacionalni sastav stanovništva FNR Jugoslavije (1971)" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  27. ↑ "Nacionalni sastav stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije (1981)" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  28. ↑ "STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NACIONALNOJ PRIPADNOSTI (1991)" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  29. ↑ "Popis stanovnistva, domacinstava i stanova u 2002" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  30. ↑ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  31. ↑ "FK Javor iz Ivanjice slavi 100. rođendan". 24sata.rs (in Serbian). 23 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  32. ↑ Archived October 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
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