Stalowa Wola

Stalowa Wola

New Catholic Church church in Stalowa Wola

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Stalowa Wola
Coordinates: 50°35′N 22°3′E / 50.583°N 22.050°E / 50.583; 22.050
Country Poland
Voivodeship Subcarpathian
County Stalowa Wola County
Gmina Stalowa Wola (urban gmina)
Established 1938
Town rights 1945
Area
 • City 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi)
Population (2006)
 • City 65,818
 • Density 800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
 • Metro 110,000
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal Code 37-450 to 37-464
Area code(s) (+48) 15
Car plates RST
Website http://www.stalowawola.pl

Stalowa Wola ([staˈlɔva ˈvɔla]) is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 64,353 inhabitants, as of June 2008.[1] It is located in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. The city lies in historic Lesser Poland, near the confluence of the Vistula and San rivers and covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi).[2] Stalowa Wola is one of the youngest cities of Poland. It was built from scratch in the late 1930s, in the forests surrounding the village of Pławo. The city was designed to be a settlement for workers of Huta Stalowa Wola (known in 1938-39 as Zakłady Poludniowe or Southern Works), a plant built as part of the Central Industrial Region. Stalowa Wola is home to the sports club Stal Stalowa Wola.

Old Church of Saint Florian, patron saint of Poland, in Stalowa Wola
Regional Museum in Stalowa Wola

Location and name

Stalowa Wola lies in the lowlands of the Sandomierz Basin, near the San river. On January 1, 2010, the area of the town was 82 square kilometres (32 square miles) and 60% of Stalowa Wola was covered by pine forests, remnants of the once enormous Sandomierz Wilderness. The name of the town (Stalowa Wola can be translated into English as “steel will”) comes from words of General Tadeusz Kasprzycki, Minister of Military Affairs of Poland, who stated in the late 1930s that the Central Industrial Area symbolizes the steel will of the Polish nation to modernize itself.

History

The area of today's Stalowa Wola belongs to historic Polish province of Lesser Poland. In the Kingdom of Poland, it was located in south-eastern corner of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, near the border with Red Ruthenia. The city of Stalowa Wola was built on the site where the village of Pławo once stood, between the ancient towns of Nisko and Rozwadów. The first mentions of Pławo come from the first half of the 15th century. At the nearby village of Przyszów, there was a hunting lodge of King Władysław Jagiełło, built before 1358. In the late 15th century, Pławo was a royal village. In 1656, the area of Pławo was the site of a battle between Polish and Swedish armies. Here, in the confluence of the San and Vistula, Swedish troops of King Charles Gustav were surrounded by Stefan Czarniecki (see Swedish invasion of Poland).

Until the Partitions of Poland, Pławo belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship. From 1772 to 1918, it was part of the Austrian province of Galicia and remained an insignificant, privately owned village. In early 1937, the government of the Second Polish Republic accepted the project of the Central Industrial Area, which included construction of a brand new steel mill, together with a settlement for the workers. Before the outbreak of World War II, some departments of the mill were operational and several blocks of flats were built. Construction of the Southern Works, as the mill was then called, was started in dense pine forests around Pławo in March 1937. Among other things, the plant manufactured artillery cannons.

During World War II, Stalowa Wola was one of the centres of the Home Army. The settlement was captured by the Red Army in August 1944, and on April 1, 1945, Stalowa Wola received its town charter. In 1948, the mill was renamed as Huta Stalowa Wola and in 1953, a separate urban county of Stalowa Wola was created. In 1973, the town of Rozwadów was annexed, followed in 1977 by the village of Charzewice. At its peak in the 1970s, the mill employed 35,000 people, with branches scattered across southern Poland, from Radomsko to Strzyżów. Apart from the mill, Stalowa Wola has a large power plant, opened Spring 1939. In 1988, the city was one of the centres of workers' protests (see 1988 Polish strikes). Currently, Stalowa Wola is the third city of the province, with population of 115,000.

Jews in Rozwadów (a district of Stalowa Wola)

The Rozwadów suburb of Stalowa Wola was a thriving Jewish shtetl prior to World War II and was closely associated with Tarnobrzeg and other nearby shtetls including Ulanów, Mielec, Dzików etc. These communities, infused with vitality before 1939, were utterly destroyed during the Holocaust after having been affected by World War I only some 20 years earlier. Jews in Rozwadów were a religiously observant community, i.e. traditional or Orthodox in practice. The leading rabbi of Rozwadów, similar to other rabbis of the region, followed Hasidism practice and was of the Horowitz family. In New York, a Rozwadower Rebbe established a small synagogue on the upper West Side, which continued for many decades after the war. There is a link to a yizkor book about Rozwadów which gives further notes on the Jewish life there. The Rozwadów synagogue was, until World War II, located on Attorney Street in the lower east side of NYC.

During World War II, Dr. Eugene Lazowski, a military doctor of the Polish underground Home Army, Armia Krajowa, created a fake epidemic of dangerous infectious disease, Epidemic Typhus in the town of Rozwadów (now a district of Stalowa Wola) and the surrounding villages and towns. He saved an estimated 8,000 Polish Jews from certain death in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust, performing his services in utmost secrecy under the threat of capital punishment.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Following the Holocaust, the remaining Jews were motivated to seek a new start in Palestine, thanks to Berihah's efforts. A community of former Rozwadów citizens had been established in New York City and continued its affinity long after World War II. Many former Rozwadów citizens of Jewish backgrounds moved to the fledgling State of Israel.

Economy

The steel mill (HSW S.A.) was a major part of a series of investments made by the Polish government between 1936 and 1939 to create the Central Industrial Region. This was to be a group of factories built in an area in the middle of the country, away from the borders with Germany and the USSR. It was designed to provide a reasonably secure location for the production of armaments and high technology goods.[2] The main employer is still HSW S.A. (manufacturer of heavy machines and hi-quality alloys). Other large enterprises include StahlSchmidt (producer of aluminium rims), ESW (coal power plant), Prefabet Stalowa Wola (building materials) and Mostostal S.A. (steel construction-bridges, tanks and so on).

Education

Transport

Polish State Railways (PKP) provides scheduled connections to Lublin, Warsaw, Kraków, Katowice, Wrocław, Rzeszów, Przemyśl and Odessa (in Ukraine). Summer connections are available to the TriCity (Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot) and Hel. The city has several railway stations that include: Stalowa Wola, Stalowa Wola South, Stalowa Wola Centre and Stalowa Wola Rozwadów,[2] and is a main rail junction. All four stations are located on the main Przeworsk – Skarżysko-Kamienna line. Additionally, Stalowa Wola Rozwadów provides a northern connection with Lublin and, from Stalowa Wola South, a line runs east to Zamość, via Zwierzyniec. The ZMKS is the city's main public transit agency, operating a fleet of buses in Stalowa Wola and the surrounding districts.[2]

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Stalowa Wola is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Population. Size and structure by territorial division" (PDF). © 1995–2009 Central Statistical Office 00-925 Warsaw, Al. Niepodległości 208. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-22. External link in |publisher= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Stalowa Wola City Portal". © 2006–2009 iNetServis, Poland. Retrieved 2009-07-30. External link in |publisher= (help)
  3. ↑ (in Polish) Andrzej Pityñski, Museum of Stalowa Wola, Short biography of Eugeniusz Łazowski
  4. ↑ He duped Nazis, saved thousands
  5. ↑ Fake Epidemic Saves a Village from Nazis
  6. ↑ 2 doctors used typhus to save thousands in wartime
  7. ↑ Paula Davenport, Media & Communication Resources, Southern Illinois University, Life Preserver
  8. ↑ Yad Vashem, The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, Righteous Among the Nations – per Country & Ethnic Origin January 1, 2009. Statistics
  9. ↑ Richard C. Lukas, Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust, University Press of Kentucky 1989 – 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944, University Press of Kentucky, 1986, Google Print, p.13.
  10. ↑ mk (2006-05-22). "Wojciech Fabianowski show". Miasta.gazeta.pl. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  11. ↑ Athlete biography: Marcin Andrzej Nowak, beijing2008.cn, ret: Aug 29, 2008
  12. ↑ Profile on 90Minut.pl (in Polish)
  13. ↑ ToutenBD (in French)
  14. ↑ "Krzysztof Soszynski". SPIKE.com. 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  15. ↑ Justyna Steczkowska Official website-polish
  16. ↑ Justyna Steczkowska biography
  17. ↑ Błażejowski, Tomasz (4 June 2010). "Stalowa Wola podpisała porozumienie z Belgami" (in Polish). Stalowka.NET. Retrieved 2013-07-21.

Coordinates: 50°34′N 22°03′E / 50.567°N 22.050°E / 50.567; 22.050

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