St. Patrick's Old Cathedral

St. Patrick's Old Cathedral
Mulberry Street facade
Location	Mulberry Street, Manhattan, New York City
Country	United States
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Tradition	Latin Rite
Website	St. Patrick's Old Cathedral
History
Dedication	May 14, 1815
Architecture
Status	Basilica, former cathedral
Architect(s)	Joseph-François Mangin
Style	Gothic Revival
Groundbreaking	1809 (1809)
Completed	1815 (1815)
Administration
Archdiocese	Archdiocese of New York
Old St. Patrick's Cathedral Complex
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
NYC Landmark
Show map of Lower Manhattan Show map of New York Show map of the US Location in New York City
Coordinates	40°43′25″N 73°59′44″W / 40.72361°N 73.99556°W / 40.72361; -73.99556Coordinates: 40°43′25″N 73°59′44″W / 40.72361°N 73.99556°W / 40.72361; -73.99556
Area	1.8 acres (0.73 ha)
NRHP Reference #	77000964[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	August 29, 1977
Designated NYCL	June 21, 1966

The Basilica of Saint Patrick's Old Cathedral, or Old St. Patrick's, is located at 260–264 Mulberry Street between Prince and Houston Streets in the Nolita neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, with the primary entrance currently located on Mott Street. Built between 1809 and 1815, and designed by Joseph-François Mangin in the Gothic Revival style,^[2] it was the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York until the current Saint Patrick's Cathedral opened in 1879.^[3][4] Liturgies are celebrated in English, Spanish, and Chinese.

The church was designated a New York City landmark in 1966,^[5] and the cathedral complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.^[1] It was declared a minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI on March 17, 2010.

History

The Mulberry Street entrance

The first Roman Catholic church in New York City was St. Peter's on Barclay Street, the cornerstone of which was laid in 1785.^[6] By the early 19th Century, the Jesuit rector of that church, Anthony Kohlmann, realized that the city's growing Catholic population needed both a second sanctuary and a cathedral for the first bishop, since the city had been made a see in 1808.^[7] The site he selected for the new church was being used as a cemetery for St. Peter's,^[2] and was well outside the settled area of the city, surrounded by farmland and the country houses of the rich.^[7] The architect chosen was Joseph-Francois Mangin, who had co-designed New York's City Hall with John McComb, Jr.^[8] construction on which was ongoing when the cornerstone of St. Patrick's was laid on June 8, 1809. Construction took just under five years, with the sanctuary being dedicated on May 14, 1815. In that same year, John Connolly, an Irish Dominican friar, arrived to take office as the city's first resident bishop. The church, which was the largest in the city at the time it was built, measures 120 by 80 feet and the inner vault is 85 feet high.

Until 1830 the cathedral was the ending place of the annual St. Patrick's Day parade. After that, it ended on Ann Street at the Church of the Transfiguration, whose pastor, Felix Varela, was a Spanish political refugee from Cuba, as he was a leader of the independence movement there, and who served as the chaplain of the Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society.^[2][9] Eventually, the parade moved uptown to pass in front of the new St. Patrick's Cathedral.

In 1836, the cathedral was the subject of an attempted sack after tensions between Irish Catholics and anti-Catholic Know-Nothing nativists led to a number of riots and other physical confrontations. The situation worsened when a brain-injured young woman, Maria Monk, wrote a book telling her "true" story – a Protestant girl who converted to Catholicism, and was then allegedly forced by nuns to have sex with priests, with the resulting children being baptized then killed horribly. Despite the book being debunked by a mildly anti-Catholic magazine editor, nativist anger at the story resulted in a decision to attack the cathedral.^[9] Loopholes were cut in the church's outer walls, which had just recently been built, and the building was defended from the rioters with muskets.^[2][9] Afterwards, the Ancient Order of Hibernians established its headquarters across the street from the church. Thirty years later, in 1866, the structure was gutted by fire, and even though the new St. Patrick's was already under construction, the old cathedral was restored under the direction of architect Henry Engelbert and reopened in 1868.

Since 1879, St. Patrick's Old Cathedral has been a parish church, the pastor residing in the old Bishop's House at 263 Mulberry Street. Today's multi-ethnic parish includes the territory of the former Most Holy Crucifix Parish, whose church now is the San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel and houses the Filipino Catholic Apostolate for the Archdiocese of New York.^[10]

Cathedral complex

• St. Patrick's Old Cathedral School at 32 Prince Street between Mulberry and Mott Streets, across Prince Street from the Cathedral, predates the church itself. It was built in 1825-26 as the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, operated by the Sisters of Charity. In 1851, the asylum became for girls only, and in 1886 became a girls' school, St. Patrick's Convent and Girls School. The Federal-style building is a New York City landmark, designated in 1966.^[11]

St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church in the former Chancery Office building, designed by James Renwick, Jr. and William Rodrigue

• In 1859, a "Gingerbread Gothic"^[2] Chancery Office Building was built at 266 Mulberry Street, just north of the sanctuary, designed by James Renwick, Jr. and William Rodrigue, who would go on to design the new cathedral.^[5] The building would later become St. Michael's Chapel^[2] and, since 1936, St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite,^[12] the liturgy is said and sung in Old Church Slavonic, Russian, and English. St. Michael's is the last Russian Catholic church in New York City and one of only four remaining such sanctuaries in the United States.^[13]

In popular culture

• The baptism scene in The Godfather was filmed in the old Cathedral, as was the scene in The Godfather Part III in which Michael Corleone receives an honor from the church.
• A scene in the Martin Scorsese film Mean Streets was set in the cathedral's walled graveyard.
• The underground mortuary vaults of the old Cathedral were featured on the Secrets of New York episode "Deep NY - How Low Can You Go in the Big Apple", on NYCTV.

See also

• List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
• List of cathedrals in the United States
• Philadelphia Nativist Riots
• St. Patrick's Old Cathedral School

References

Bibliography

• Burrows, Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike (1999), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-11634-8 
• New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S. (text); Postal, Matthew A. (text) (2009), Postal, Matthew A., ed., Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Patrick's Old Cathedral.

• Official site
• New York Architecture Images page