Niagara-on-the-Lake

Niagara-on-the-Lake
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake
Nickname(s): The Loveliest Town in Canada

Location of Niagara-on-the-Lake in the Niagara Region
Niagara-on-the-Lake

Location in southern Ontario

Coordinates: 43°15′19″N 79°4′18″W / 43.25528°N 79.07167°W / 43.25528; -79.07167Coordinates: 43°15′19″N 79°4′18″W / 43.25528°N 79.07167°W / 43.25528; -79.07167
Country  Canada
Province  Ontario
Region Niagara
Settled 1781
Incorporated 1792
Government
 • Lord Mayor Patrick Darte
 • Governing body Town Council
 • MP Rob Nicholson
 • MPP Wayne Gates
Area[1]
 • Land 132.81 km2 (51.28 sq mi)
Elevation 82.3 m (270.0 ft)
Population (2016)
 • Total 17,511
 • Density 131.8/km2 (341/sq mi)
  [1]
Demonym(s) NOTLer
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern Daylight (EDT) (UTC-4)
Postal code L0S 1J0
Area code(s) 905/289
Website www.notl.org
The Court House, a Shaw Festival theatre and Parks Canada headquarters of Niagara National Historic Sites
St. Mark's Church

Niagara-on-the-Lake (2016 population 17,511) is a Canadian town in Southern Ontario where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region of the southern part of the province of Ontario. It is across the Niagara River from Youngstown, New York, US. It is the only town in Canada that has a Lord Mayor.[2]

The town, now including two former villages, St. David's and Queenston, was significant during the War of 1812 and even earlier, when it was the first capital of Upper Canada (now the province of Ontario). Today, the town, with its quaint colonial-style buildings, is a popular tourist destination that includes the Shaw Festival, Fort George, wineries and an outlet mall on the highway.[3]

Niagara-on-the-Lake is among the best places to retire in Ontario, according to Comfort Life, a publication for seniors. According to this source, Niagara region has the second-highest percentage of seniors in Ontario.[4]

History

The settlement, known from about 1781 as Butlersburg, in honour of Colonel John Butler, the commander of Butler's Rangers, was renamed West Niagara to distinguish it from Fort Niagara.[5] It was a British military base and haven for pro-British loyalists fleeing the United States during the volatile aftermath of the American Revolution.[6]

Renamed Newark by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe in 1792, he made it the first capital of Upper Canada (now the province of Ontario), The Upper Canada legislature first met at Navy Hall on September 17, 1792 and met here another four times until June 1796.[6][7] In 1797, Simcoe moved the capital to York because Newark was very close to the border with the U.S. Newark was renamed Niagara in 1798.[5]

Fort George, just outside the settlement, was built in 1796-1799. During the War of 1812, Niagara was taken in the Battle of Fort George by American forces in May 1813 after a two-day bombardment by cannon from Fort Niagara and the American Fleet, followed by a fierce battle. After capturing Fort George, the Americans built their own fortifications here. They were retaken by the British in December 1813 but left to fall into ruins and abandoned in 1815. Only a small portion of the fort remains; it has been fully restored.[8]

During the war, the settlement of Niagara was razed and burnt to the ground by American soldiers as they withdrew to Fort Niagara. (Afterwards, on December 19, 1813, the British captured Fort Niagara.)[9] The citizens rebuilt Niagara after the war, with the residential quarter around Queen Street and toward King Street, where the new Court House was rebuilt out of range of Fort Niagara's cannons.[6]

The Smith's Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 describes "Niagara (formerly called Newark)" as follows:

"It has been a place of considerable trade. On the east side of the town is a large military reserve. About half a mile up the river are the ruins of Fort George, where the remains of General Brock were originally interred; they were removed. A new town-hall and court-house are intended to be erected by the town. There is a fire brigade with two engines and a hook and ladder company. Churches and chapels total five. Two newspapers are published weekly .... Steamboats run daily, as long as the weather will allow of it, from Toronto .... The Niagara Harbour and Dock Company were incorporated in the year 1830 .... the vessels turned out by the Company [include] the steamboat "London," which commenced running in the spring of 1845, the fastest boat on the upper lakes... The Company usually employ about 150 hands; and, when particularly busy, have employed as many as 350. There is also on the premises a marine railway, large enough for hauling up vessels of the first class. Post Office, post every day. Professions and Trades.—Three physicians and surgeons, nine lawyers, twelve stores, taverns, two chemists and druggists, three booksellers and stationers, two saddlers, four wagon makers, two watchmakers, two tallow-chandlers, marble works, two printers, two cabinet makers, one hatter, four bakers, two livery stables, two tinsmiths, three blacksmiths, six tailors, seven shoemakers, one tobacconist, one bank agency, .... large quantities of apples, peaches, and cider are shipped annually."[10]

In 1859 the town built its first public school, Niagara Public School.[11]

The town's present name was adopted around 1880 as a Postal Address to distinguish the town from Niagara Falls. The name was not officially adopted until 1970, when the Town of Niagara and the Township of Niagara merged.[6]

Historic sites

Most of the former military sites, such as Fort George, Navy Hall, and Butler's Barracks, have been restored. Fort George's restoration was done as a "Make Work Project," guided by plans from the Royal Engineers during the Great Depression of the 1930s, an early example of historic preservation. Fort George National Historic Site is a focal point in a collection of War of 1812 sites which, collectively, are managed by Parks Canada under the name Niagara National Historic Sites. That administrative name includes several national historic sites: Fort Mississauga, Mississauga Point Lighthouse (1804, the first on the Great Lakes), Navy Hall, Butler's Barracks, and Queenston Heights.

A map of the National Historic District
Cenotaph and clock tower

Niagara-on-the-Lake teems with historical plaques, many national and provincial, reflecting its significance in the establishment of many of the province's institutions.[12] Among these are plaques about its first newspaper, lending library, parliament, historical museum, and governing body for the legal profession. Critical battles in the defence of Upper Canada took place here, and at nearby at Queenston and St. David's, both now part of Niagara-on-the-Lake. In one of these, Laura Secord gained her fame.

The town gave many black Americans their first taste of freedom, both as a stop on the Underground railroad for those travelling further into Upper Canada, and as a refuge in its own right. Its stock of Regency and Classical Revival buildings, considered the best in the country from the post-War of 1812 period, led the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada to recommend the town's historic district be designated a National Historic Site of Canada, a designation which was approved in 2003.[13][14] The historic centre had been designated as a provincial Heritage Conservation District under the Ontario Heritage Act in 1986. Although it did not make the final list, the Historic District was considered for nomination as a World Heritage Site.[15]

Other significant sites in Niagara-on-the-Lake (NOTL):

Politics

Niagara-on-the-Lake is within the federal electoral district of Niagara Falls, currently represented in the Canadian House of Commons by Rob Nicholson, and the provincial electoral district of Niagara Falls, represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by Wayne Gates.

It is the only municipality in Canada whose elected leader is designated as Lord Mayor, a title most common in the United Kingdom.[2] Popular legend suggests Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn bestowed the title on the mayor of Niagara during a visit to the town in the early 1800s, in recognition of the town's history as the first capital of Upper Canada;[2] however, there is no record of a mayor using it until Jerry Mussen in the early 1920s, and even afterward the title was used only irregularly until the Regional Municipality of Niagara Act of 1969 legislated that "The mayor of the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake shall be known as the Lord Mayor."[2] The town's Lord Mayor is Patrick Darte, who was first elected in the 2014 municipal election; previous Lord Mayors have included Dave Eke, Gary Burroughs, Art Viola, Mike Dietsch, Stan Ignatczyk, Jim Marino, Wilbert Dick, Jake Froese and Fred Goring.[2]

Tourism

Niagara-On-the-Lake beach, June 2014

The town is home to the Shaw Festival, a series of theatrical productions featuring the works of George Bernard Shaw, his contemporaries, or plays about his era (1856–1950), running from April to November. The festival operates three theatres in the centre of town: the Festival, Royal George, and Court House theatres, and features one of a repertory acting company, scenic staff, and collection of resident and guest directors considered some of the best in the English-speaking world.

Along the Niagara Parkway is RiverBrink Art Museum, a popular tourist destination in Queenston. It is home to a unique collection of over 1,400 artworks and artefacts by Canadian and international artists, assembled by Samuel E. Weir. Completed in 1970, the building features Georgian-style architecture, including a mansard roof and gabled windows. It served as Weir's country residence, and was converted into an art museum following his death in 1981.

The surrounding region enjoys a comparatively mild climate thanks to the adjoining lakes, and excellent soil for fruit production, for which it has become one of Canada's centres. In particular, NOTL has grown into a major viticultural region. Visitors flock to dozens of nearby wineries, including those making the world's largest volumes of ice wine. The town is also known for its gardens, art galleries, antique shops, and golf courses. There are many hotels, inns, bed and breakfasts, vacation rentals and spas in the area.

The old Niagara Public School, today a popular bed and breakfast.
A side street

Users of the TripAdvisor web site rate certain attractions highly, including the theatre and fort, the Brock Monument, the outlet mall on the Queen Elizabeth Way and several wineries.[31] Niagara Falls can be reached via a scenic drive along the Niagara Parkway.

Local Amenities

Niagara on the Lake boasts a wide variety of local soccer fields, 2 swimming pools, a community centre, baseball diamonds, hockey rinks, and lacrosse fields. The main pool, Niagara Pool, Is located off of King Street. It is the home of the Niagara on the lake Electrifying Eels Swim Team and boasts 2 high diving boards, change rooms, and a beautiful view of the park surrounding the pool. Swimming lessons, water aerobics, and many youth programs are held at the pool during the summer months. The Niagara on the Lake Soccer Club is the organization which runs all soccer in the town, and is a leading club within the Niagara Region.

Film location shooting

Several popular films and TV shows have been shot on location in the NOTL Old Town, including:

Demographics

Census Population
1871 1,600
1901 1,258
1911 1,318
1921 1,357
1931 1,228
1941 1,541
1951 2,712
1961 2,108
1971 12,552
1981 12,186
1991 12,945
2001 13,839
2006 14,587
2011 15,400
2016 17,511

Only 15% of the population is under 14 years of age. Those over 65 years of age number 22.6% and constitute a fast-growing population. The town has seen growth of almost 1% yearly, partially due to a large number of retirees moving to the town.

Transportation

Niagara-on-the-Lake can be reached by Queen Elizabeth Way, a highway that stretches to Fort Erie to the south, Hamilton to the west and curves around Lake Ontario to Toronto. Public transportation is served by Niagara-on-the-Lake Transit.

Awards and recognition

The Town of Niagara was the site of the 8th World Scout Jamboree in 1955. Over 11,000 Scouts from 71 countries attended the Jamboree. It was the first to be held outside Europe and had the theme "Jamboree of New Horizons". Niagara-on-the-Lake was named the Prettiest Town in Canada in 1996 by Communities in Bloom, a nationwide beautification programme.[32] The town is now a popular tourist destination, located at the northern terminus of the Niagara Parkway, a scenic drive and biking/walking path.

Communities

Queenston, around 1805, by army surgeon Edward Walsh

In addition to the primary town site of Niagara-on-the-Lake, the Old Town, the town also includes the villages of Glendale, Homer, McNab, Queenston, St. Davids, Niagara-on-the-Green and Virgil.

Glendale is located near the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way QEW, Highway 405, and Highway 55, and adjacent to the Welland Canal. It is home to the Niagara-on-the-Lake campus of Niagara College.

Virgil is just south-west of the Old Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, where most of the tourism takes place. The community has a large Mennonite community, who settled the area in the early to mid 20th-century from Russia. Virgil has a large sports park, serving as the centre of Niagara-on-the-Lake's bustling hockey, softball, lacrosse and soccer leagues, two arenas, three baseball diamonds and a skate park. Once a year, on the Victoria Day weekend in May, the community holds its "Virgil Stampede". The festival includes rides, attractions and its annual soccer start-up tournament. Virgil's educational institutions are St. Michael's Elementary School and Crossroads Public School, which opened in September 2011, amalgamating the now-closed Virgil and Colonel John Butler Public Schools. The town's only secondary school, Niagara District, was closed by the District School Board of Niagara in 2010.

The Old Town also had an elementary school on King Street: Parliament Oak Public School. It was on the site of the signing of the Act Against Slavery of 1793, by the first legislative session of the parliament of Upper Canada.[33] The school was closed on June 25, 2015.[34]

St. Davids Public School serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the southern part of the municipality. St. Michael Catholic elementary school serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the southern part of the municipality. Crossroads Elementary School serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the southern part of the municipality. High school students now take a bus to Laura Secord in St. Catharines, or to A.N. Myer in Niagara Falls.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario census profile". 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Oh, Lordy!; Niagara-on-the-Lake's mayor is the only one in Canada referred to as 'lord,' but as reporter Monique Beech discovered, the title's official status isn't clear". St. Catharines Standard, August 4, 2007.
  3. ↑ https://www.ontariotravel.net/en/explore/niagara/niagara-on-the-lake?WT.mc_id=Ontario_Masterbrand_search_Google_G_SEM_text_Explore28&gclid=Cj0KEQjwrYbIBRCgnY-OluOk89EBEiQAZER58sWOH3a-ST2aLNQ9aI6PjKoIkAsqkclUCaD9WZ-LM9MaAqJ68P8HAQ
  4. ↑ http://www.comfortlife.ca/blog/best-places-to-retire-in-ontario-10685/#_ftn6
  5. 1 2 A Century of Sail and Steam on the Niagara River, by Barlow Cumberland, 1911
  6. 1 2 3 4 InfoNiagara.com
  7. ↑ http://www.waynecook.com/aniagara.html, Plaque 5
  8. ↑ http://www.waynecook.com/aniagara.html, Plaque6
  9. ↑ http://www.waynecook.com/aniagara.html
  10. ↑ Smith, Wm. H. (1846). SMITH'S CANADIAN GAZETTEER - STATISTICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING ALL PARTS OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, OR CANADA WEST:. Toronto: H. & W. ROWSELL. p. 129.
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ https://www.niagaraparks.com/niagara-falls-attractions/historic-plaques-and-markers.html
  13. ↑ Niagara-on-the-Lake, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
  14. ↑ Niagara-on-the-Lake. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  15. ↑ Parks Canada Tentative List for World Heritage Sites, 2004.
  16. ↑ Battlefield of Fort George. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  17. ↑ Fort George. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  18. ↑ Butler's Barracks. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  19. ↑ Fort Drummond. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  20. ↑ Fort Mississauga. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  21. ↑ Mississauga Point Lighthouse. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  22. ↑ Niagara Apothecary. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  23. ↑ Niagara District Court House. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  24. ↑ Queenston Heights, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
  25. ↑ Queenston Heights. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  26. ↑ Queenston-Chippawa Hydro-electric Plant, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
  27. ↑ Queenston-Chippawa Hydro-electric Plant. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  28. ↑ Willowbank, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
  29. ↑ Willowbank. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  30. ↑ Vrooman's Battery. Canadian Register of Historic Places.
  31. ↑ https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attractions-g154999-Activities-Niagara_on_the_Lake_Ontario.html
  32. ↑ Washington Times, 23 July 2004
  33. ↑ Act Against Slavery
  34. ↑ http://m.niagarathisweek.com/community-story/5682260-community-says-farewell-to-parliament-oak/
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