St Albans (UK Parliament constituency)

Coordinates: 51°44′24″N 0°20′13″W / 51.740°N 0.337°W / 51.740; -0.337

St Albans
County constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of St Albans in Hertfordshire.
Location of Hertfordshire within England.
County	Hertfordshire
Electorate	70,298 (December 2010)^[1]
Current constituency
Created	1885
Member of parliament	Anne Main (Conservative)
Number of members	One
Created from	Hertfordshire
1554–1852
Number of members	Two
Type of constituency	Borough constituency
Replaced by	Hertfordshire
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency	East of England

St Albans is a constituency^{[n 1]} represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Anne Main, a Conservative.^{[n 2]}

This article also describes the parliamentary borough (1554-1852) of the same name, consisting only of the city of St Albans, which elected two MPs by the bloc vote system.

Current Boundaries

The seat is in Hertfordshire, England. Specifically, it comprises the cathedral city of St Albans and some of the surrounding countryside, mainly to the south of the city.

Constituencies were most recently redrawn in 2007, with the new boundaries taking effect at the 2010 general election. The Boundary Commission for England decided to retain the existing 11 seats in Hertfordshire, making relatively minor adjustments to bring the parliamentary boundaries in line with those of local government wards, which had changed since the 1995 review.^[2]

The seat now comprises the following electoral wards:^[3]

Ashley, Batchwood, Clarence, Colney Heath, Cunningham, London Colney, Marshalswick North, Marshalswick South, Park Street, St Peter's, St Stephen, Sopwell, and Verulam in the City of St Albans
Bedmond and Primrose Hill in the Three Rivers District.

History

The constituency elected a borough representative for over 300 years, until it was disenfranchised as a result of electoral corruption in 1852.^[4] The constituency was re-established in an enlarged form in 1885 with an alternative pseudonym, the Mid Division of Hertfordshire. Both names were used in the Redistribution of Seats Act, which dovetailed with the Third Reform Act.

1885 to date

Political history

The constituency was until 1997 held by a Conservative with the exception of five years of the Attlee ministry and early 20th century opposition of Henry Campbell-Bannerman and the first part of his premiership which was when he was in a minority.

Following boundary changes in 1997, and the founding of the New Labour movement which sought public sector reform and investment with expansion based on economic growth, the seat stood the possibility of, on the expected national swing led by Tony Blair, a win by a Labour politician, which took place when it was won for the party for the first time since the 1945 election.

Despite the former Labour MP for the seat, Kerry Pollard, standing there in 2015 and 2017, she has not come close to regaining it. This is in no small part due to the seat showing an unusually high level of support for the Liberal Democrats and their predecessor parties; they have only twice (in 2001 and 2015) failed to win at least 20% of the vote in St Albans since 1974, and in 2010 and 2017 came a strong second (4.4% and 10.7%) behind the Conservatives.

Prominent members

The noble and local landowning Grimston family have produced nine members throughout the seat's history. The three first heirs to the Earldom of Verulam have won election in the seat - the latest MP from the family was John Grimston who later became the 6th Earl.

Sir Hildred Carlile was a textiles entrepreneur and generous benefactor of Bedford College, University of London.

Francis Fremantle was chairman of the Parliamentary Medical Committee from 1923 to 1943.

Peter Lilley was a frontbench minister in government from 1992 until 1997, the Secretary of State for Social Security, after two years as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.

Constituency profile

Workless claimants (registered jobseekers) were in November 2012 significantly lower than the national average of 3.8%, at 1.9% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.^[5]

MPs since 1885

Election		Party^[7]^[8]
1885	Viscount Grimston	Conservative
1892	Vicary Gibbs	Conservative
1904 by-election	John Slack	Liberal
1906	Sir Hildred Carlile	Conservative
1919 by-election	Sir Francis Fremantle	Conservative
1943 by-election^[9]	John Grimston	Conservative
1945	Cyril Dumpleton	Labour
1950	John Grimston	Conservative
1959	Sir Victor Goodhew	Conservative
1983	Peter Lilley	Conservative
1997	Kerry Pollard	Labour
2005	Anne Main	Conservative

Election Result

General Election 2017: St Albans
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Anne Main	24,571	43.1	-3.5
	Liberal Democrat	Daisy Cooper	18,462	32.4	+13.9
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	13,137	23.0	-0.2
	Green	Jack Easton	828	1.5	-2.3
Majority			6,109	10.7	-12.7
Turnout			56,998	78.3	+6.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	-8.65

General Election 2015: St Albans^[10]^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Anne Main	25,392	46.6	+5.9
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	12,660	23.3	+5.7
	Liberal Democrat	Sandy Walkington	10,076	18.5	-17.9
	UKIP	Chris Wright	4,271	7.8	+4.0
	Green	Jack Easton	2,034	3.7	+2.3
Majority			12,732	23.4	+19.0
Turnout			54,433	72.0	-3.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	+0.1

General Election 2010: St Albans^[12]^[13]^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Anne Main	21,533	40.8	+3.5
	Liberal Democrat	Sandy Walkington	19,228	36.4	+11.0
	Labour	Roma Mills	9,288	17.6	-16.7
	UKIP	John Stocker	2,028	3.8	+2.2
	Green	Jack Easton	758	1.4	N/A
Majority			2,305	4.4	+1.4
Turnout			52,835	75.4	+5.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	-3.74

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2005: St Albans^[15]^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Anne Main	16,953	37.3	+2.1
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	15,592	34.3	-11.1
	Liberal Democrat	Michael Green	11,561	25.4	+7.5
	UKIP	Richard Evans	707	1.6	+0.2
	St Albans Party	Janet Girsman	430	0.9	N/A
	Independent	Mark Reynolds	219	0.5	N/A
Majority			1,361	3.0	N/A
Turnout			45,462	70.00	+3.7
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	+6.6

General Election 2001: St Albans^[17]^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	19,889	45.4	+3.4
	Conservative	Charles Elphicke	15,423	35.2	+2.0
	Liberal Democrat	Nick Rijke	7,847	17.9	-3.1
	UKIP	Chris Sherwin	602	1.4	N/A
Majority			4,466	10.2	+1.4
Turnout			43,761	66.3	-11.2
	Labour hold		Swing	+0.7

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1997: St Albans^[19]^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	21,338	42.0	+22.6
	Conservative	David Rutley	16,879	33.2	-19.6
	Liberal Democrat	Anthony Rowlands	10,692	21.0	-5.3
	Referendum	Jim Warrilow	1,619	3.2	N/A
	Rainbow Dream Ticket	Sari Craigen	166	0.3	N/A
	Natural Law	Ian Docker	111	0.2	-0.1
Majority			4,459	8.8	N/A
Turnout			50,805	77.5	-6.0
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+21.1

General Election 1992: St Albans^[21]^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Peter Lilley	32,709	52.8	+0.3
	Liberal Democrat	Monica Howes	16,305	26.3	-8.2
	Labour	Kerry Pollard	12,016	19.4	+7.9
	Green	Craig Simmons	734	1.2	-0.1
	Natural Law	David Lucas	161	0.3	N/A
Majority			16,404	26.5	+8.5
Turnout			61,925	83.5	+3.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	-4.3

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1987: St Albans^[23]^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Peter Lilley	31,726	52.5	+0.5
	Liberal	Alexander Walkington	20,845	34.5	-2.5
	Labour	Tony McWalter	6,922	11.5	+0.6
	Green	Elaine Field	788	1.3	N/A
	CPRP	William Pass	110	0.2	N/A
Majority			10,881	18.0	+3.0
Turnout			60,391	80.2	+2.0
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.5

General Election 1983: St Albans^[25]^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Peter Lilley	29,676	52.1	-1.0
	Liberal	Alexander Walkington	21,115	37.0	+13.2
	Labour	R Austin	6,213	10.9	-12.2
Majority			8,561	15.0	-14.2
Turnout			57,004	78.3	-2.1
	Conservative hold		Swing	-7.1

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1979: St Albans^[27]^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	31,301	53.1	+8.1
	Liberal	David Michael Picton	14,057	23.8	-3.1
	Labour	Ronald John Greaves	13,638	23.1	-5.0
Majority			17,244	29.2	+12.4
Turnout			58,996	80.4	+2.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	+5.6

General Election, October 1974: St Albans^[29]^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	24,436	45.0	-0.2
	Labour	Edwin Hudson	15,301	28.2	+4.1
	Liberal	Charles Anthony Shaw	14,614	26.9	-3.8
Majority			9,135	16.8	+2.4
Turnout			54,351	78.0	-6.6
	Conservative hold		Swing	-2.15

General Election, February 1974: St Albans^[30]^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	26,345	45.2	-6.4
	Liberal	Charles Anthony Shaw	17,924	30.7	+17.2
	Labour	Daniel Lipman Bernstein	14,077	24.1	-10.8
Majority			8,421	14.4	-2.2
Turnout			58,356	84.6	+8.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	-11.8

General Election 1970: St Albans ^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	24,503	51.5	+3.8
	Labour	Christopher Hubert Beaumont	16,629	35.0	-6.7
	Liberal	Charles Anthony Shaw	6,439	13.5	+2.9
Majority			7,874	16.6	+10.5
Turnout			47,571	76.2	-6.8
	Conservative hold		Swing	+5.3

Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1966: St Albans ^[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	22,260	47.7	-0.3
	Labour	Keith Kyle	19,428	41.6	+5.4
	Liberal	Julian J Wates	4,977	10.7	-5.1
Majority			2,832	6.1	-5.7
Turnout			46,665	83.0	+0.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	-2.8

General Election 1964: St Albans ^[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	22,063	48.0	-4.9
	Labour	Bruce Douglas-Mann	16,672	36.3	+2.8
	Liberal	William Glanville Brown	7,231	15.7	+2.1
Majority			5,391	11.7	-7.7
Turnout			45,966	82.6	-0.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	-3.9

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1959: St Albans ^[34]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Victor Goodhew	23,157	52.9	-4.6
	Labour	Lawrence William Carroll	14,650	33.5	-9.0
	Liberal	WA Newton Jones	5,948	13.6	N/A
Majority			8,507	19.4	+4.4
Turnout			52,823	82.8	+3.5
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.2

General Election 1955: St Albans ^[35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Grimston	21,828	57.5	+3.0
	Labour	Renée Short	16,107	42.5	-3.0
Majority			5,721	15.1	+6.2
Turnout			37,935	79.3	-4.8
	Conservative hold		Swing	+3.0

General Election 1951: St Albans^[36]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Grimston	28,602	54.5	+7.2
	Labour	John McKnight	23,911	45.5	+2.9
Majority			4,691	8.9	+4.4
Turnout			52,513	84.1	-0.8
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.2

General Election 1950: St Albans ^[37]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Grimston	24,733	47.2	+4.4
	Labour	Cyril Dumpleton	22,351	42.7	-3.8
	Liberal	Deryck Abel	5,280	10.1	-0.6
Majority			2,382	4.6	N/A
Turnout			52,464	85.0	+12.4
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	-4.1

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: St Albans^[38]^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Cyril Dumpleton	22,421	46.5	+14.0
	Conservative	John Grimston	22,362	42.8	-24.7
	Liberal	Enid Lakeman	5,601	10.7	N/A
Majority			1,879	3.7	N/A
Turnout			50,384	72.6	+10.0
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+19.35

St Albans by-election, 1943 ^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Grimston	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1935: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Francis Fremantle	33,743	67.5	-10.6
	Labour	Hugh Franklin	16,233	35.5	+10.6
Majority			17,510	35.0	-21.2
Turnout			49,976	62.6	-9.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	-10.6

General Election 1931: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Francis Fremantle	36,690	78.1	+30.0
	Labour	Monica Whately	10,289	21.9	-5.7
Majority			26,401	56.2	+35.7
Turnout			46,979	71.9	-0.7
	Conservative hold		Swing	+17.8

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Francis Fremantle	20,436	48.1	-19.4
	Labour	Monica Whately	11,699	27.6	-4.9
	Liberal	George Gordon Honeyman	10,299	24.3	N/A
Majority			8,737	20.5	-14.5
Turnout			41,434	72.6	+2.3
	Unionist hold		Swing	-7.25

General Election 1924: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Francis Fremantle	18,004	67.5	+19.8
	Labour	Frank Herbert	8,862	32.5	+6.0
Majority			9,322	35.0	+13.8
Turnout			26,864	70.3	+1.5
	Unionist hold		Swing	+6.9

General Election 1923: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Francis Fremantle	11,968	47.7	-10.1
	Labour	Christopher Thomson	6,640	26.5	-15.7
	Liberal	Harry Krauss Nield	6,469	25.8	N/A
Majority			5,328	21.2	+5.6
Turnout			25,077	68.8	-2.3
	Unionist hold		Swing	+2.8

General Election 1922: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Francis Fremantle	14,594	57.8	+12.0
	Labour	John William Brown	10,662	42.2	-0.2
Majority			3,932	15.6	+12.2
Turnout			25,256	71.1	+8.3
	Unionist hold		Swing	+6.1

Fremantle

Elections in the 1910s

St Albans by-election, 1919 ^[8]^[39]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Francis Fremantle	9,621	45.8	N/A
	Labour	John William Brown	8,908	42.4	N/A
	Liberal	Milner Gray	2,474	11.8	N/A
Majority			713	3.4	N/A
Turnout			21,003	62.8	N/A
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

endorsed by Coalition Government

General Election 1918: St Albans^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Hildred Carlile	Unopposed
	Unionist hold

endorsed by Coalition Government

Phillimore

General Election, December 1910: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Hildred Carlile	6,899	59.1	+1.0
	Liberal	Robert Charles Phillimore	4,777	40.9	-1.0
Majority			2,122	18.2	+2.0
Turnout			11,676	83.8	-6.6
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.0

General Election, January 1910: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Hildred Carlile	7,323	58.1	+5.6
	Liberal	Henry Roscoe Beddoes	5,271	41.9	-5.6
Majority			2,052	16.2	+11.2
Turnout			12,594	90.4	+10.1
	Conservative hold		Swing	+5.6

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Hildred Carlile	5,856	52.5	N/A
	Liberal	John Bamford Slack	5,304	47.5	N/A
Majority			552	5.0	N/A
Turnout			11,160	89.3	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Slack

St Albans by-election, 1904 ^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	John Bamford Slack	4,757	50.7	N/A
	Conservative	Vicary Gibbs	4,635	49.3	N/A
Majority			132	1.4	N/A
Turnout			9,382	81.5	N/A
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	N/A

General Election 1900: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Vicary Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s

General Election 1895: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Vicary Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Gibbs

General Election 1892: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Vicary Gibbs	3,417	45.1	N/A
	Liberal	T Morgan Harvey	2,573	34.0	N/A
	Independent Conservative	William Henry Bingham-Cox	1,580	20.9	N/A
Majority			844	11.1	N/A
Turnout			7,570	78.3	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1886: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Viscount Grimston	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General Election 1885: St Albans^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Viscount Grimston	57.5	45.1	N/A
	Liberal	John Coles	3,037	42.5	N/A
Majority			1,071	15.0	N/A
Turnout			7,145	81.7	N/A
	Conservative win (new seat)

Members of Parliament

MPs 1553–1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1553 (Oct)	John Maynard	Thomas Johnson^[40]
1554 (Apr)	Thomas Wendy	Oliver Starkey^[40]
1554 (Nov)	John Maynard	Oliver Starkey^[40]
1555	John Astley	Robert Stepneth^[40]
1558	Henry Heydon	Francis Southwell^[40]
1559 (Jan)	Christopher Smith	John Dodmer^[41]
1562/3	Robert Wroth^[42]	Roger Carew ^[41]
1571	William Skipwith	George Ferrers^[41]
1572 (Apr)	Henry Cocke	Charles Smythe^[41]
1584	Henry Maynard	Humphrey Coningsby^[41]
1586 (Oct)	Henry Maynard	Humphrey Coningsby^[41]
1588 (Oct)	Henry Maynard	Humphrey Coningsby^[41]
1593	Henry Maynard	Humphrey Coningsby^[41]
1597 (Oct)	Henry Maynard	Humphrey Coningsby^[41]
1601	Francis Bacon, sat for Ipswich, replaced Nov 1601 by Henry Frowick	Adolph Carey^[41]
1604	Sir Francis Bacon, sat for Ipswich repl. by Tobie Matthew	Adolph Carey
1610	Sir Thomas Parry	Sir Henry Helmes
1614	Sir Francis Bacon, sat for Cambridge University repl. by Thomas Perient	Henry Finch
1620	Sir Thomas Richardson	Robert Shute
1621	Sir Thomas Richardson	Henry Meautys
1624	Sir Arthur Capell	Sir John Luke
1625	Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet	Sir John Luke
1626	Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet	Sir Edward Goring
1628	Sir John Jennings	Robert Kirkham
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

MPs 1640–1852

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Richard Coningsby			Sir John Jennings	Parliamentarian
November 1640		Edward Wingate	Parliamentarian		Sir John Jennings	Parliamentarian
1642		Edward Wingate	Parliamentarian		Richard Jennings	Parliamentarian
December 1648	Wingate and Jennings excluded in Pride's Purge - both seats vacant
1653	St Albans was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		Alban Cox		St Albans had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659					Richard Jennings
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		William Foxwist			Richard Jennings
1661		Thomas Arris			Richard Jennings
1668		Thomas Arris			Samuel Grimston
February 1679		Sir Thomas Pope Blount			John Gape
August 1679		Sir Thomas Pope Blount			Samuel Grimston
1685		Captain George Churchill^[43]			Thomas Docwra
1689					Sir Samuel Grimston
January 1701					Joshua Lomax
March 1701					John Gape
1705					Admiral Henry Killigrew
1708		John Gape			Joshua Lomax
1710		John Gape			William Grimston^[44]
1713		William Hale^[45]
1714		John Gape
1715		William Hale
1717		Joshua Lomax
1722		William Gore			William Clayton
1727		The Viscount Grimston			Caleb Lomax
1730 by-election					Thomas Gape
1733 by-election					John Merrill
1734		Sir Thomas Aston			Thomas Ashby
1741		James West			Thomas Ashby
1743 by-election					Hans Stanley
1747					Sir Peter Thompson
1754					Hon. James Grimston^[46]
1761					Viscount Nuneham
1768		(Sir) Richard Sutton^[47]			John Radcliffe
1780		William Charles Sloper			John Radcliffe
1783 by-election					The Viscount Grimston
1784					Hon. William Grimston
1790		Hon. Richard Bingham^[48]	Tory		John Calvert
1796		Hon. Richard Bingham^[48]	Tory		Thomas Skip Dyot Bucknall	Tory
June 1800 by-election		William Stephen Poyntz	Whig		Thomas Skip Dyot Bucknall	Tory
1802		William Stephen Poyntz	Whig		Hon. James Grimston	Tory
1807		Joseph Thompson Halsey	Whig		Hon. James Grimston	Tory
1809 by-election					Daniel Giles	Whig
1812					Christopher Smith	Tory
February 1818 by-election		William Tierney Robarts	Whig		Christopher Smith	Tory
June 1818					Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill	Tory
1820					Christopher Smith	Tory
1821 by-election		Sir Henry Wright-Wilson	Tory
1826		John Easthope	Whig
1830		Viscount Grimston	Tory		Charles Tennant	Whig
1831		Sir Francis Vincent, Bt	Whig		Richard Godson	Whig
1832		Sir Francis Vincent, Bt	Whig		Henry George Ward	Whig
1835		Hon. Edward Harbottle Grimston	Conservative		Henry George Ward	Whig
1837		Hon. Edward Harbottle Grimston	Conservative		George Alfred Muskett	Whig
February 1841 by-election		The Earl of Listowel	Whig		George Alfred Muskett	Whig
June 1841		The Earl of Listowel	Whig		George Repton	Conservative
1846 by-election		Benjamin Bond Cabbell	Conservative
1847		Alexander Raphael	Whig
1850 by-election		Jacob Bell	Whig
1852	Constituency disfranchised for corruption

Notes and references

Notes

↑ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
↑ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

↑ "Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑ "Fifth Periodical Report, Volume 1" (PDF). Boundary Commission for England. 2007. p. 335. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
↑ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/1681)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
↑ Reform Act 1867
↑ Unemployment claimants by constituency The Guardian
↑ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 297. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 375. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
↑ New M.P. For St. Albans, The Times, October 06, 1943
↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
↑ "2015 Parliamentary Election Results". St Albans City and District Council. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
↑ City & District of St Albans - Statement of persons nominated
↑ "UK General Election results May 2010". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "UK General Election results May 2005". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "General Election result, June 2001". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "General Election result, May 1997". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "UK General Election results 1987". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "UK General Election results June 1983". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results May 1979". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
1 2 3 "'St Albans', Feb 1974 - May 1983". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
↑ "UK General Election results October 1974". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results February 1974". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results June 1970". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results March 1966". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results October 1964". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results October 1959". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results May 1955". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results October 1951". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ "UK General Election results February 1950". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
↑ For the 1945 general election, changes are calculated relative to the 1935 general election results, not the uncontested by-election in 1943
↑ Large Labour Vote At St. Albans, Seat Held By Coalition, The Times, Wednesday 24 December 1919, page 10
1 2 3 4 5 "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2011-10-02.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2011-10-02.
↑ "Wroth, Robert". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
↑ Admiral from 1702
↑ Created The Viscount Grimston (in the Peerage of Ireland), November 1719
↑ On petition (in a dispute over the franchise), Hale was found not to have been duly elected
↑ The 2nd Viscount Grimston (in the Peerage of Ireland) from October 1756
↑ Richard Sutton was created a baronet, 1772
↑ Styled Lord Bingham from October 1795, when his father was raised to an Earldom

Sources

Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807)
D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 1)

External links

2005 voting statistics from the BBC
2001 and 1997 voting statistics from the BBC
OBV
Coverage from The Times

Constituencies in the East of England (58)
Conservative (50)	Basildon and Billericay Braintree Brentwood and Ongar Broadland Broxbourne Bury St Edmunds Castle Point Central Suffolk and North Ipswich Chelmsford Clacton Colchester Epping Forest Great Yarmouth Harlow Harwich and North Essex Hemel Hempstead Hertford and Stortford Hertsmere Hitchin and Harpenden Huntingdon Maldon Mid Bedfordshire Mid Norfolk North East Bedfordshire North East Cambridgeshire North East Hertfordshire North West Cambridgeshire North West Norfolk Norwich North Rayleigh and Wickford Rochford and Southend East Saffron Walden St Albans South Basildon and East Thurrock South Cambridgeshire South East Cambridgeshire Southend West South Norfolk South Suffolk South West Bedfordshire South West Hertfordshire South West Norfolk Stevenage Suffolk Coastal Thurrock Watford Waveney Welwyn Hatfield West Suffolk Witham
Labour (7)	Bedford Cambridge Ipswich Luton North Luton South Norwich South Peterborough
Liberal Democrats (1)	North Norfolk
East of England European constituency: Conservative (3) Labour (1) UKIP (3)

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