Ssangseong Prefectures
Ssangseong Prefectures | |||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 雙城摠管府 | ||||||
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Korean name | |||||||
Hangul | 쌍성총관부 | ||||||
Hanja | 雙城摠管府 | ||||||
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Ssangseong Prefectures was a colony which allocated at South Hamgyeong Province (Current Kumya County) in 1258 by Yuan dynasty. It was founded as a base for conquest and domination of Goryeo together with Dongnyeong Prefectures which had jurisdiction over southern Jabi(慈悲/자비) peak. Gongmin of Goryeo got out under the influence of Yuan dynasty, attacked Yuan dynasty together with Dongnyeong Prefectures and restored the land.
Installation
In 1258, San Gil (산길/散吉) who was a general of Yuan dynasty and Bo Ji(보지/普只) from Yuan invaded south part of The Great Wall through east Jurchen. When they reach to Hwa state(화주/和州), Sing Jippeyon (신집편/慎執平) who was an officer for northeast troop lead soldiers and residents to protect Jeodo(저도/楮島), but later moved to Liancourt Rocks. However, Jo Hwi (조휘/趙暉) and Tak Cheong(탁청/卓青) killed messenger of Teng state, Pak Ingi(박인기/朴仁起), messenger for Hwa state, Kim Seonbo(김선보/金宣甫) and officer for northeast troop, Sing Jippeyon and they were surrendered. They also abandoned the land which was southern Tieling to Yuan dynasty. This incident has happened without central government’s intension. And this is reason why Ssangseong prefecture was allocated to govern this region. At that time, Jo Hwi was nominated as a first commander and Tak Cheong was nominated as a chili arch. Afterwards, the position of commander was inherited by Jo family. After Jo Hwi, the position was inherited by Jo Ryanggi (조량기/趙良琪) who was the son of Jo Hwi, Jo Rim(조림/趙琳), grandchild of Jo Hwi and Jo Sosaeng (조소생/趙小生) who was a great grandchild of Jo Hwi. The position of chili arch was also inherited by Tak family.
On the other hand, Choe Tan who made a rebellion in 1269, devoted 54 castles including Seo gyeong(서경/西京) which is current Pyeongyang and 6 castles including Seo Hardo(서해도/西海道) to Yuan dynasty. Yuan dynasty renamed Seo gyeong as Dongnyeong prefecture and incorporated to their own territory. This decision has made regardless of Yuan dynasty’s invasion.
After that, Goryeo came to fall to the position of receiving the original interference.
Fall
The fall of Ssangseong prefecture started in 1356. Ryu Inu (류인우/柳仁雨) who was a vice-minister of councilors became an officer for northeast troop and get command to invade Ssangseong prefecture from Gongmin of Goryeo. He was sent to the front together with general of battalion Gong Bubo (공부보/貢夫甫), Kim Wonbong (김원봉/金元鳳) and Ri Inim (리인임/李仁任). At that time, Jo Sosaeng who was great-grandchildren of Jo Hwi and Tak Dogyeong (탁도경/卓都卿) were fought back, however, Jo Don(조돈/趙暾) who was a grandchildren of Jo Hwi (조휘/趙暉) and Yi Jachun, his son Yi Seong-gye (Taejo of Joseon) opened gate of Ssangseong prefecture by holding secret communication with Goryeo’s military. Ssangseong prefecture fall and general Jo Sosaeng has escaped.
Ryu Inu established Hwa state Mok (목/牧) and recovered other areas which Ssangseong prefecture governed. The family of Yi Jachun who carried out the fall of Ssangseong prefecture was in the position of senior high official named as Darghuachi]] or a chili arch from ancestral generations, but at that time he turned to Goryeo. He became a minister of the King of Goryeo and became an officer for northeast troop. Jo Don who was the descent of Jo Hwi (the first inspector of Ssangseong prefecture) corporate to govern Ssangseong prefecture initiatively and succeed, take rid of betrayal of his ancestors. He also advanced to the central political circle of Goryeo. Later, Jo Don got involved in establishment of Joseon and became a meritorious retainer. Taejo of Joseon left for Hamhung because Taejong of Joseon originally from that area.
See also
References
- 山内弘一「朝鮮王朝の成立と両班支配体制」『朝鮮史』山川出版社、2000
- 岡田英弘『モンゴル帝国の興亡』Chikuma Shobō、2001年