Spruce Mountain (West Virginia)
| Spruce Mountain | |
|---|---|
 Spruce Mountain (in the distance) beyond the River Knobs (Judy Rocks, foreground) and the Fore Knobs (middle distance) | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Spruce Knob (Pendleton County, West Virginia) |
| Elevation | 4,863 ft (1,482 m) |
| Coordinates | 38°41′59″N 79°31′58″W / 38.69972°N 79.53278°W |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 16 mi (26 km) approximately |
| Geography | |
  Location of Spruce Mountain in West Virginia | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Pendleton |
| Range coordinates | 38°45′N 79°29′W / 38.750°N 79.483°WCoordinates: 38°45′N 79°29′W / 38.750°N 79.483°W |
| Parent range |
Allegheny Mountains, part of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians |
| Topo map | USGS |
Spruce Mountain, in eastern West Virginia, USA, is the highest ridge of the Allegheny Mountains. The "whale-backed" ridge extends for only about 16 miles (26 km), from northeast to southwest, but several of its peaks exceed 4,500 feet (1,400 m) in elevation. The summit, Spruce Knob (4863 ft; 1482 m),[1] is celebrated as the highest point in the state as well as the range, which covers parts of four states.
Geography
Spruce Mountain lies mostly within the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area, a U.S. National Recreation Area (NRA) located within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in Pendleton County. It extends from the vicinity of Onego in the north to near Cherry Grove in the south. Brushy Run separates Timber Ridge — a spur of the main mountain — to the east. The ridgelines of Spruce Mountain and Timber Ridge continue to the north of US Route 33 as Hoffman Ridge and Smith Mountain, respectively. To the south (south of West Virginia 28) the line continues as Big Mountain.
Prominent peaks of Spruce Mountain, north to south, are: Horse Rock (4536 ft; 1383 m), Spruce Mountain Peak (4586 ft; 1398 m), Picea Benchmark (4613 ft; 1406 m), and Spruce Knob itself. Spruce Knob is the highest point in the eastern United States between the Adirondacks of New York and Mount Rogers (part of the Blue Ridge Mountains) in southern Virginia.
Ecology
Flora
As with almost the entirety of the MNF, most of the original Spruce Mountain upland forest was completely denuded by logging around the turn of the 20th century and now consists of second- or third-growth forest. (The only documented exception to this on the Mountain is the 17-acre (69,000 m2) North Spruce Mountain Old Growth Site.[2] ) The present second-growth forest of Spruce Mountain is characterized by a dominance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and yellow birch (Betula lutea). Other characteristic species of the mixed mesophytic forest region are also present: tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia heterophylla, T.floridana, T. neglecta), chestnut (Castanea dentata), yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava), red oak (Quercus borealis), white oak (Q. alba), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). The upper reaches of Spruce Mountain also include areas termed northern hardwood and northern evergreen forest types. The former is typified by red oak, white ash (Fraxinus americana), basswood (Tilia spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and cherry (Prunus spp.). The latter is dominated by the Mountain's eponymous red spruce (Picea rubens).[3] While not extending above the timberline, the stunted tree growth high on this windy mountaintop is relatively open.
Fauna
The important presence of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) on the Mountain has been acknowledged by the establishment of the 1,750-acre (7.1 km2) Spruce Mountain Grouse Management Area by the MNF[4]
Recreation
Hiking trails — Huckleberry Trail, Lumberjack Trail, Spruce Mountain Trail — extend the length of the ridge. There are over 75 miles (121 km) of trails around the Mountain and a small 25 acre (10 ha) lake well stocked with trout on the west side. There are also two campgrounds on the Mountain; the larger (43 sites) is nearest the lake.
See also
References
Citations
- ↑ "Spruce". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
- ↑ Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (September 2006), Monongahela National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan; Appendix B, pg 4.
- ↑ Puscher, Monika (1996), "Gradient Analysis of Forest Composition on Spruce Mountain in West Virginia"; Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography, Karlstad - Kiruna - Tromsø, August 19–29, 1996.
- ↑ Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (September 2006), Monongahela National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan; Chapter III, pg 66.
Other sources
- Core, Earl L. (1928), "Ecological Studies on Spruce Mountain", Proc. W.Va. Acad. Sci. 2:36-39.
- Core, Earl L. (1929), "The Plant Ecology of Spruce Mountain, West Virginia", Ecology, 10:1-13.
- Robison, William C. (1960), “Spruce Knob Revisited: A Half-Century of Vegetation Change”, Castanea, Vol. 25, No. 1 (March issue), pp 53–61.