Spirifer

Spirifer
Temporal range: Sandbian-Carnian
~460–232 Ma
↑S. perlamellosus, 19mm - pedunculate valve

↓S. striatus: exterior, and interior with lophophore

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Class: Rhynchonellata
Order: Spiriferida
Family: Spiriferidae
Genus: Spirifer
Sowerby 1818
Species

See text

Synonyms

Delthyris

Spirifer is a genus of marine brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida and family Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus lived from the Middle Ordovician (Sandbian) through to the Middle Triassic (Carnian) with a global distribution. They were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.[1]

Selected species

  • S. acutiplicatus Hayasaka, 1933
  • S. bambadhurensis Diener, 1903
  • S. baschkirica Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. battu Gemmellaro, 1899
  • S. byrangi Chernyak, 1963
  • S. carnicus Schellwien, 1892
  • S. concentricus Lee and Su, 1980
  • S. distefanii Gemmellaro, 1899
  • S. dvinaensis Licharew, 1927
  • S. enderlei Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. engelgardthi Chernyak, 1963
  • S. fritschi Schellwien, 1892
  • S. holodnensis Chernyak, 1963
  • S. lirellus Cvancara, 1958
  • S. malistanensis Plodowski, 1968
  • S. muensteri Suess, 1854
  • S. opimus Hall, 1858
  • S. pentagonoides Plodowski, 1968
  • S. pentlandi d'Orbigny, 1842
  • S. perlamellosus Hall, 1857
  • S. piassinaensis Chernyak, 1963
  • S. postventricosus Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. pseudotasmaniensis Einor, 1939
  • S. rakuszi Einor, 1946
  • S. rockymontanus Marcou, 1858
  • S. schellwieni Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. siculus Gemmellaro, 1899
  • S. spitiensis Stoliczka, 1865
  • S. strangwaysi De Verneuil, 1845
  • S. striatus Martin, 1809
  • S. subgrandiformis Plodowski, 1968
  • S. subtrigonalis Gemmellaro, 1899
  • S. supracarbonicus Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. supramosquensis Nikitin, 1890
  • S. tareiaensis Einor, 1939
  • S. tegulatus Trautschold, 1876
  • S. undata Reed, 1944
  • S. uralicus Tschernyschew, 1902
  • S. zitteli Schellwien, 1892

Reassigned species

As Spirifer has been described early on, since then, many species have been reassigned.[2][3][4]

  • S. archiaciformis = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. bisulcatus = Angiospirifer bisulcatus
  • S. chinensis mut. α = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. gortanioides = Plicapustula gortanioides
  • S. hayasakai = Lamarckispirifer hayasakai
  • S. heterosinosus = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. martellii = Plicapustula martellii
  • S. pekinensis = Plicapustula pekinensis
  • S. pellizzarii = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. pellizzariformis = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. pinguis = Latibrachythyris pinguis
  • S. rotundatus = Latibrachythyris rotundatus
  • S. subhayasakai = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. verneuili = Cyrtospirifer verneuili
  • S. verneuili var. subarchiaci = Plicapustula subarchiaci
  • S. verneuili var. subextensus = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. vilis = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. wangleighi = Sinospirifer subextensus
  • S. yassensis = Spinella yassensis

References

  1. ↑ Spirifer at Fossilworks.org
  2. ↑ Strusz, D.L.; Chatterton, B.D.E.; Flood, P.G. (1970). "Revision of the New South Wales Devonian brachiopod "Spirifer yassensis"". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 95: 170–190. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  3. ↑ Angiolini, L.; Long, S.; Davies, L. (2011). "Revision of Sowerby's species 'Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus' from the late Tournaisian-Visean of Great Britain [online]". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 41: 71–85. ISSN 0810-8889. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  4. ↑ Ma, Xueping; Day, Day (2007). "Morphology and revision of Late Devonian Cyrtospirifer (Brachioloda) and related genera from South China and North America". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (2): 286–311. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[286:marold]2.0.co;2. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
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