Soylent (meal replacement)

Soylent
Type Meal replacement
Course All
Place of origin United States
Region or state United States, Canada
Associated national cuisine Neutral
Created by Rob Rhinehart
Invented 2013
Serving temperature Refrigerated or room temperature
Main ingredients Water, maltodextrin, soy protein isolate, high-oleic algal oil, isomaltulose, canola oil, rice starch, oat fiber[1]
Food energy
(per serving)
 250 (bar),[2] 400 (pre-mixed 414 ml liquid[1] or powder[3]), kcal
  Media: Soylent

Soylent is a brand of meal replacement products that are advertised for consumption as "staple meals", and are available in the U.S. and Canada as a pre-mixed beverage or in powdered form for mixing with water. It was introduced in 2014 after a crowdfunding campaign that generated nearly $1.5 million in preorders.

Its producer, Rosa Labs, says that Soylent meets all nutritional requirements for an average adult.[4] Initial recipes were first created and tested by software engineer Rob Rhinehart[5] as a self-experiment in nutrition. Subsequently, the powdered version of Soylent was developed into the first product line of Rosa Labs, which currently markets and sells the product. For about two months in late 2016, the company also marketed a solid-form meal bar under the brand name as well, but it was discontinued after reports that it caused gastrointestinal problems for some consumers. Sales of the powdered version were also halted briefly in late 2016 before the product was reformulated and its sales resumed.

Rosa Labs said the current formulation is based on recommendations of the National Academy of Medicine.[6] They established an FDA nutrition facts label and said the product meets the criteria for some health-related claims.[7] Rosa Labs also states that Soylent includes all of the elements of a healthy diet, without excess amounts of sugar, saturated fat or cholesterol.[8]

Health effects

The makers of Soylent say it contains all the nutritional requirements necessary for a healthy lifestyle.[7] There may be social drawbacks of living on a Soylent-only diet, since some critics have said that it comes at the expense of the pleasures from eating and sharing food.[9]

Some people have experienced gastrointestinal symptoms from consumption of Soylent.[10][9] Speculation on the cause of such symptoms sometimes centered around the amount of dietary fiber contained in the product which is known to cause such symptoms when diets are abruptly altered to increase amounts of fiber consumption. Later versions of the product lowered the amount of fiber content, but this did not stop the reports of gastrointestinal problems. The lower fiber content of the product led to additional criticisms of not containing an adequate amount, compared to daily recommendations, leading some to utilize fiber supplementation.

In October 2016, Rosa Labs recalled Soylent Bars due to reports of gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[11] The company is reported to have actively researched the issue with an independent party and suspected soy or sucralose intolerance.[12] However, the company later concluded that algal flour was the cause after reviewing similar reports on Soylent 1.6 (powder), and was reformulating products to remove it.[13] The company halted the sales of Soylent 1.6 after concluding so.[14] TerraVia, the supplier of Soylent's algal ingredients, published a fact sheet in response to media coverage for its algal flour.[15] In December 2016, Soylent released a new iteration of its powdered formula, Soylent 1.7, which no longer contains algal flour.[16]

Lead and cadmium content

Comparison from the Soylent FAQ[17] on Proposition 65 chemicals in Soylent versus other foods.

On August 13, 2015, nonprofit environmental and corporate social responsibility watchdog As You Sow filed a notice of intent to pursue a lawsuit against the makers of Soylent, claiming that Soylent did not adequately label its product given the levels of lead and cadmium present in the drink. The basis for the lawsuit lies in California's Proposition 65, a law that requires additional labeling for food products containing trace amounts of certain substances.

Although Soylent contains levels of lead and cadmium far below the national safety levels set by the FDA, it does contain 12 to 25 times the level of lead and 4 times the level of cadmium allowable in a product without additional labeling as specified by Proposition 65.[18][19] A lawyer who has worked on settlements of Proposition 65 suits described the case as "alarmist", as the levels are well below FDA limits of what is allowed in food products.[20]

Soylent's website displays the required Proposition 65 warning.[20] Rosa Labs published the position that the levels of heavy metal content in Soylent "are in no way toxic, and Soylent remains completely safe and nutritious".[17] Rosa Labs also published an infographic and spreadsheet based on an FDA study of heavy metal content in common foods, comparing two selected example meals to servings of Soylent with a similar amount of caloric intake. Both of the company's chosen comparison meals include high levels of cadmium and arsenic, along with levels of lead similar to those of Soylent; although one of them includes tuna and the other includes salmon, providing over 97% of the arsenic in each proposed meal, with spinach providing 74% of the cadmium in the higher-cadmium meal and fruit cocktail providing 71% of the lead in the higher-lead meal.

As You Sow said that, since Soylent is marketed as a complete replacement for all other meals, these levels may be harmful.[18] The claim is of levels allowable concerning reproductive toxicity, which are considerably lower than levels allowable concerning poisoning or carcinogenicity.[21]

Product recalls

On October 12, 2016, the company announced it would halt sales of the Soylent Bar due to reports of gastrointestinal illness.[11] The company asked customers to discard any unconsumed bars and said it would offer full refunds.[22] On October 21, 2016, the company triggered a product recall, and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) announced it had commenced a food safety investigation.[23]

On October 27, 2016, the company also halted sales of Soylent Powder. The company said tests on the bar had come back negative for contamination, but also said that some powder users had reported similar stomach-related symptoms from consuming the powder.[24][25]

On November 7, 2016, Soylent blamed algal flour for making people sick, and said it planned to remove algal flour from future formulations of the powders and bars,[26] which it did in the next formulation, called version 1.7, which was introduced on December 15, 2016. The drink-based products use algal oil, not algal flour, so are deemed to be safe for users.

Flavor and product reviews

Rhinehart called the flavor of the original versions "minimal", "broad" and "nonspecific".[27] Soylent contains soy lecithin and sucralose as masking flavors and to adjust appearance, texture and smell.[28] Before version 1.4, vanillin was included as an ingredient for flavoring.[29]

Reviews on the taste of powdered Soylent vary. One reviewer said he was "pleasantly surprised" with the "rich, creamy, and strangely satisfying" flavor,[9] and another likened it to that of a vanilla milkshake with the texture of pancake batter.[30] Negative reviewers said it tasted "like someone wrung out a dishtowel into a glass",[31] said "my mouth tastes hot and like old cheese",[31] or that it was "purposefully bland", "vile" and made the taster "gag"[32] and compared the taste to "homemade nontoxic Play-Doh".[9][10]

Farhad Manjoo of The New York Times said he "found Soylent to be a punishingly boring, joyless product".[10] Chris Ziegler of The Verge, who experimented with subsisting only on Soylent for almost a month, said that although he liked and "never really tired of the flavor", he still concluded that "Soylent isn't living, it's merely surviving", and described the apple he ate at the end of that period as "my first meal back from the abyss" and the best he'd ever had in his life.[9] Adrian Chen of Gawker said "Soylent looks as appetizing as it sounds. The combination of its off-white color, opacity and viscosity made it look – sorry to be gross here – like watered-down semen."[31] He said he "was having trouble getting it down", and eventually "dumped the whole thing in the sink".[31]

Nellie Bowles of The Guardian criticized the purported novelty of the product, saying "There's nothing inherently different about Soylent from SlimFast at all. And yet SlimFast is low-brow, funny and a little sad", while Soylent is considered new and innovative, "almost as though SlimFast never existed, like Soylent emerged from the ether."[33] Similarly, Jay Mirtallo, a professor of pharmacy at Ohio State University, said the product is basically the same thing as medical food products that have been available from such makers as Nestlé and Abbott Laboratories for some time. Mirtallo expressed concern at the self-designed nature of the product, saying "They're very complex products, in terms of making sure you get them in a form that's palatable but that stays in a form that's bioavailable to the body" and "There are real downsides to trying this stuff at home."[34]

Both Manjoo and Ziegler said they had experienced some gastrointestinal problems from drinking it.[10][9] Lee Hutchinson of Ars Technica also reported a brief period of "adaptation gas" at the beginning of a four-day experiment.[35]

Amongst the new flavors, Coffiest has been described as similar to a "caffeinated Nesquik drink" [36] Nectar has been described negatively as tasting like "lemon aspartame".[37]

History

A Soylent package, along with the powder and resulting drink

On February 13, 2013, Rhinehart detailed his initial 30-day experiment in food replacement[38] on his blog before later sharing the nutritional information and original formula[39] for interested parties. Posts to his blog over the next two months detailed modifications to his personal formula.

His initiative became a crowdfunding campaign on Tilt that raised about $1.5 million in preorders[40][41] aimed at moving the powdered drink from concept into production. It became one of the most funded crowdfunding projects ever accomplished. After the campaign, Soylent had venture capital financing for a seed round of $1.5 million[41] to further develop proof of concept. Media reports detailed how operations began for Rosa Labs in April 2014, using a relatively small $500 system to ship the first $2.6 million worth of product.[42] In January 2015, Soylent received $20 million in Series A round funding, led by venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.[43]

Versions of Soylent prior to "version 1.4" (introduced in February 2015) consisted not only of powder to be mixed with water, but also bottles of oil to mix in as well.[9] The formulas for versions 1.4–1.7 were published.[44] A ready-to-drink version, introduced in September 2015, is called version 2.0.

Prior to June 2015, Soylent was only available for purchase and shipment to those in the United States. On June 15, 2015, the shipping of Soylent to Canada was introduced[45] at the same price in US dollars as for United States customers. Expansion to European countries is a stated future goal.

In July 2015, it was announced that Rosa Labs would move its corporate headquarters to Broadway Media Center, located in downtown Los Angeles.[46]

In May 2017, Soylent received $50 million in Series B round funding, led by GV.[47]

Versions and formulas

Soylent Original and Cacao bottles

In the first week of May 2014, the first shipments of orders of Soylent 1.0 began.[48] There have been subsequent changes, each called a new "version". Since Soylent 1.2 in November 2014, all versions have been vegan (i.e., containing no eggs, dairy, or other animal-derived substances).[49] Version 1.4, introduced in February 2015, used a carbohydrate/fat/protein calorie ratio of 43/40/17, based on the advice of F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, a professor of medicine at Columbia University.[50] Version 1.5, introduced in June 2015, further adjusted the ratio to 45/40/15,[51] and has a glycemic index of 65 and a glycemic load of 35.[52]

On August 3, 2015, the company announced "Soylent 2.0", which was the first ready-to-drink Soylent product introduced by the company. The pre-mixed product comes in a 400 calorie bottle and debuted on September 9, 2015.[53]

On August 9, 2016, the company announced and started selling "Coffiest",[54] that is a combination of the liquid version of Soylent, coffee flavoring, caffeine and l-theanine.[55] A solid, salted caramel flavored meal bar named "Soylent Bar" was also announced at the same time, and went on sale August 16, 2016.

On December 26, 2016, Soylent flavors Cacao[56] and Nectar[57] were added to Amazon.com through the Soylent account prior to being added to the official website. The nutritional content is similar to Soylent 2.0. The official announcement of the new flavors was made on the Soylent blog on January 3, 2017,[58] after which the flavors were also offered for sale on the official website; Soylent 2.0 was renamed to Soylent Original in this announcement.[59]

On June 27, 2017, Soylent added the caffeinated flavors of Cafe Vanilla, that is Coffiest flavored with vanilla, and Cafe Chai, the liquid version of Soylent with chai flavoring, to the Soylent Cafe lineup along with the previously released Coffiest, which was renamed Cafe Coffiest.[60]

Powdered

Version Changes Date
Soylent 1.0 First full version. Ingredients were finalized in January 2014, which use rice as the protein source[28] and shipments began in April[61] (vegan) and May[62] (regular) of 2014. Early 2014
Soylent 1.1 The sucralose was decreased, giving it a more neutral flavor, and new digestive enzymes were added.[63] October 2, 2014[64]
Soylent 1.2 Omega-3 fatty acid from fish sources was replaced with omega-3 from algae, making the drink suitable for vegans and the enzymes added in Soylent 1.1 were removed.[49] November 10, 2014[49]
Soylent 1.3 Dipotassium phosphate was added and shipping box sizes were reduced.[65] December 11, 2014[65]
Soylent 1.4 Fats were incorporated into the powder that eliminated the need for the oil bottles, resulting in less packaging required in the shipping boxes. It used a carb/fat/protein calorie ratio of 43/40/17, isomaltulose was added and gum acacia was removed.[66] February 25, 2015[67]
Soylent 1.5 Improvements to texture from a reduction to oat flour and an addition of emulsifiers. Removal of powdered safflower and flaxseed oil which were both replaced by canola oil powder, supplementing the existing powdered high oleic sunflower oil and algal oil.[51] June 1, 2015[51]
Soylent 1.6 Uses whole algal flour, high oleic algal oil and soy protein isolate that replaces rice protein. 45% lipids, 20% protein, and 35% low-glycemic carbohydrates, closer to Soylent 2.0 macronutrients.[68] (Discontinued in October 2016 after reports of gastrointestinal problems.) June 23, 2016[68]
Soylent 1.7 More neutral flavor profile that removes algal flour.[16] December 15, 2016[16]
Soylent 1.8 The fiber source was shifted from isomaltooligosaccharide to soluble corn fiber. All algal ingredients were removed to be replaced with high oleic canola creamer. Usage of gums was halved. Serving size is same while weight per serving increased.[69] March 13, 2017[69]

Ready-to-drink

All Soylent ready-to-drink bottle flavors.
Version Changes Date
Original (previously named "Soylent 2.0") First pre-mixed Soylent liquid product and it alters the carb/fat/protein ratios to 33/47/20; it has a glycemic index of 49.2 and a glycemic load of 16.7.[52] About half of the lipid calories come from algal sources and it uses soy for its protein source.[53] September 9, 2015[70]
Cacao Chocolate-flavored Soylent 2.0. Similar nutrition profile to the other products in the Soylent Liquid line of products. December 26, 2016[71]
Nectar Fruit-flavored Soylent 2.0. Similar nutrition profile to the other products in the Soylent Liquid line of products. December 26, 2016[71]

Cafe

The Cafe line consists of ready-to-drink Soylent mixed with caffeine, the nootropic L-theanine, and different flavorings.

Version Changes Date
Cafe Coffiest (previously named "Coffiest") Adds coffee flavoring, ~150 mg of caffeine from coffee powder per serving, and 75 mg of L-theanine.[72] August 9, 2016[72]
Cafe Vanilla Adds coffee and vanilla flavoring, ~150 mg caffeine from coffee powder, and 75 mg of L-theanine.[60] June 7, 2017[60]
Cafe Chai Adds chai flavoring, ~30 mg caffeine from black tea powder, and 25 mg of L-theanine.[60] June 7, 2017[60]

Bar

Version Changes Date
Soylent Bar 1.0 First solid-form Soylent product at 250 calories. Introduced with a carb/fat/protein calorie ratio of 43/38/19. Has a glycemic index of 55 and a glycemic load of 13.[73] Introduced in salted caramel flavor. (Recalled and production suspended in October 2016 after reports of gastrointestinal problems.[74]) August 16, 2016[75] (Discontinued)

Naming

Soylent is named after a food in Harry Harrison's 1966 science fiction novel Make Room! Make Room!.[76] In the novel, most types of soylent are made from soya and lentils. The word is, however, also a tongue-in-cheek reference to the novel's 1973 film adaptation Soylent Green, in which the green version of the eponymous food supplement is made from human remains.[9][30][10][35]

Coffiest is named after an extremely habit-forming drink in the 1952 science fiction novel The Space Merchants, by Frederik Pohl and Cyril M. Kornbluth, which gets every customer "hooked for life".[77][78]

See also

Similar products

References

  1. 1 2 "Drink Nutrition – Original". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  2. ↑ "Soylent bar". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  3. ↑ "Powder Nutrition". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  4. ↑ Scutti, Susan (February 18, 2014). "Can Soylent, A New Crowd-Funded Nutritional Drink, Back Its Claims? Eat All A Healthy Body Needs For $9/Day". Medical Daily. Retrieved 2014-03-14.
  5. ↑ "How Soylent Works". Stuff You Should Know. 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  6. ↑ "Nutrition". Rosa Labs.
  7. 1 2 Hutchinson, Lee (29 January 2014). "Soylent gets tested, scores a surprisingly wholesome nutritional label". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2015-06-11. However, the results of the nutrition testing done to gain the label have established that Soylent meets the Food and Drug Administration's standards for a whole raft of healthy claims: "Everything from reduced risk of heart disease and some cancers to absence of tooth decay," said Rhinehart. Based on the testing, he explained, Soylent can make many of the health and nutrient claims that the FDA tracks.
  8. ↑ "What is Soylent?". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ziegler, Chris (17 July 2014). "Soylent survivor: one month living on lab-made liquid nourishment". The Verge. Retrieved 23 February 2016. Each box contains seven packets of powder – one per day – paired with seven bottles of a fish oil / canola oil blend.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Manjoo, Farhad (May 28, 2014), "The Soylent Revolution Will Not Be Pleasurable", The New York Times
  11. 1 2 Mole, Beth (12 October 2016). "Soylent halts sale of bars; investigation into illnesses continues". Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  12. ↑ Mole, Beth (12 October 2016). "People get "violently ill" from Soylent bars; company stumped". Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  13. ↑ Mole, Beth (8 November 2016). "Solved: Algal flour was causing violent illnesses, Soylent says". Ars Technica. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  14. ↑ "Soylent Thinks It Found What Was Making People Sick: Algae". Bloomberg Technology. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  15. ↑ "Facts about recent media coverage on algal flour" (PDF). TerraVia. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  16. 1 2 3 "Powder 1.7 Now Shipping". Rosa Labs. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  17. 1 2 "Soylent FAQ: California Proposition 65".
  18. 1 2 Houck, Brenna (16 August 2015). "Soylent Under Fire For Allegedly Failing to Provide Adequate Warnings On Its Labels". Eater. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "As You Sow Files Notice Of Legal Action Against Soylent Super Food". PR News Wire. 13 August 2015.
  20. 1 2 Watson, Elaine (17 August 2015). "Soylent case reignites debate over Prop 65: 'It's basically extortion,' claims attorney". Archived from the original on 16 August 2015.
  21. ↑ Hutchinson, Lee (17 August 2015). "Watchdog group says Soylent's cadmium and lead levels violate CA law". Ars Technica. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  22. ↑ Lomas, Natasha (13 October 2016). "Soylent Bars recalled after some customers get sick". TechCrunch. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  23. ↑ "Food Recall Warning: Soylent brand Food Bar recalled due to reported illnesses". Canadian Food Inspection Agency. October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  24. ↑ Soylent pulls Powder as part of probe into customer sickness Techcrunch, October 28, 2016
  25. ↑ Dave, Paresh (27 October 2016). "Soylent halts sales of its powder as customers keep getting sick". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  26. ↑ Soylent blames algal flour for consumer complaints November 7, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Stephen Colbert Taste Tests Soylent... And Finds It Delicious?", Inc. (magazine), June 13, 2014, Rhinehart described the "minimal flavor" as "broad" and "nonspecific"
  28. 1 2 "Soylent: There is more to food than nutrition. Even a...". soylent.me. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  29. ↑ Soylent 1.4 begins shipping today., retrieved 20 March 2015
  30. 1 2 Love, Dylan (July 14, 2014), "Soylent Review", Business Insider
  31. 1 2 3 4 "We Drank Soylent, The Weird Food of the Future", Gawker, May 19, 2013, retrieved 2017-02-05
  32. ↑ Mahdawi, Arwa (8 February 2016), "Mansplain it to Me: inside the Stupid Hackathon for extremely stupid ideas", The Guardian, retrieved 8 February 2016
  33. ↑ Bowles, Nellie. "Food tech is just men rebranding what women have done for decades". The Guardian.
  34. ↑ Matthews, Dylan (March 14, 2013). "Rob Rhinehart has a crazy plan to let you go without food forever. It just might work.". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  35. 1 2 Hutchinson, Lee (September 15, 2013). "Ars does Soylent, the finale: Soylent dreams for people". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  36. ↑ "I gave up breakfast for a week and drank this caffeinated meal-replacement shake instead".
  37. ↑ "Soylent Nectar Review - Take Risks Be Happy". 9 January 2017.
  38. ↑ "How I Stopped Eating Food". Rob Rhinehart personal blog. February 13, 2013. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  39. ↑ "What's in Soylent". Rob Rhinehart personal blog. February 14, 2013. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  40. ↑ Hutchinson, Lee (October 21, 2013). "Soylent gets a $1.5 million infusion of venture capital". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
  41. 1 2 Crowdfunding Darling Soylent Nets $1.5 Million In VC Funding. October 22, 2013
  42. ↑ Alando Ballantyne. "How We Spent $500 on Tech to Ship $2.6M of Soylent". Medium.com.
  43. ↑ "Soylent Raises Money". Rob Rhinehart personal blog. January 14, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
  44. ↑ "1.7 Formula". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  45. ↑ "Soylent: Now Shipping to Canada". Soylent official website.
  46. ↑ "Soylent To Relocate Headquarters to Broadway Media Center in Downtown Los Angeles". JLL.
  47. ↑ "Soylent Closes $50 Million Series B Round Led by GV". Rosa Labs. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  48. ↑ "Soylent Update". Discourse.soylent.me. May 1, 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  49. 1 2 3 "Soylent : Announcing Soylent 1.2 Development of the Soylent...". soylent.me.
  50. ↑ Nutrition advisor for Soylent. 16 March 2015.
  51. 1 2 3 "Soylent : Soylent 1.5 Has Arrived". Soylent official website.
  52. 1 2 "Soylent Glycemic Data". Soylent official website. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
  53. 1 2 "Soylent 2.0 is coming—pre-mixed, in a bottle". Ars Technica.
  54. ↑ Soylent. "Be a Breakfast Pioneer with Coffiest".
  55. ↑ "L-theanine". Rosa Foods, Inc.
  56. ↑ "Amazon.com: Soylent Ready To Drink Food, Cacao, 12 Count of 14 oz. Bottles:".
  57. ↑ "Amazon.com: Soylent Ready To Drink Food, Nectar, 12 Count of 14 oz. Bottles:".
  58. ↑ Soylent. "Soylent kicking off the New Year with new flavors: Cacao + Nectar".
  59. ↑ "Soylent Drink: 20% nutrition + three delicious flavors". Rosa Foods, Inc.
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 "Soylent Cafe - Coffiest details". Rosa Foods, Inc. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Soylent : Soylent Update 4/23". soylent.me. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02.
  62. ↑ "Soylent : 5/1 Shipping Update". soylent.me. Archived from the original on 2014-05-24.
  63. ↑ Soylent gets a version bump to 1.1—new flavor, new gut flora help. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  64. ↑ "Soylent : Introducing Soylent 1.1". soylent.me. Archived from the original on 2014-10-04.
  65. 1 2 Soylent 1.3 Shipping Today. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  66. ↑ Soylent 1.4 begins shipping today. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  67. ↑ "Soylent : Soylent 1.4 begins shipping today.". soylent.me.
  68. 1 2 "Introducing Soylent 1.6 Powder". soylent.com.
  69. 1 2 "Soylent 1.8 Release Notes" (PDF). Rosa Labs. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  70. ↑ "Soylent : Now Shipping Soylent 2.0". soylent.com.
  71. 1 2 Amazon addition date, prior to being added to Soylent.com on January 3, 2017
  72. 1 2 "Soylent Coffee: Nootropics, fat, carbs, protein—but will it give you the toots?". Arcs Technia. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
  73. ↑ Labs, Rosa. "Glycemic Data".
  74. ↑ "Update on Soylent Bar". Soylent official website.
  75. ↑ Soylent. "Soylent Bar Has Arrived".
  76. ↑ Varughese, Ansa (March 15, 2013). "Rob Rhinehart, 24, Creates Soylent: Why You Never Have To Eat Food Again". Medical Daily. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
  77. ↑ "Soylent's Latest Product Is Basically a Metamucil Frappuccino".
  78. ↑ Richter, Sarah Spigelman. "Soylent's new product is here to disrupt your morning coffee".
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.