Southeast Asian Games

Southeast Asian Games
The Southeast Asian Games Federation logo
Abbreviation	SEA Games
First event	1959 SEAP Games in Bangkok, Thailand
Occur every	2 years (Every odd years)
Last event	2015 SEA Games in Singapore
Purpose	Multi sport event for nations on the Southeast Asian continent
Headquarters	Bangkok, Thailand
President	Charouck Arirachakaran
Website	www.seagfoffice.org

The Southeast Asian Games (also known as the SEA Games), is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games is under regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia.

History

The Southeast Asian Games owes its origins to the South East Asian Peninsula Games or SEAP Games. On 22 May 1958, delegates from the countries in Southeast Asian Peninsula attending the Asian Games in Tokyo, Japan had a meeting and agreed to establish a sport organisation. The SEAP Games was conceptualised by Luang Sukhum Nayaoradit, then Vice-President of the Thailand Olympic Committee. The proposed rationale was that a regional sports event will help promote co-operation, understanding and relations among countries in the Southeast Asian region.

Six countries, Burma (now Myanmar), Kampuchea (now Cambodia), Laos, Malaya (now Malaysia), Thailand and Vietnam were the founding members. These countries agreed to hold the Games biennially in June 1959 and SEAP Games Federation Committee was formed thereafter.^[1]

The first SEAP Games were held in Bangkok from 12–17 December 1959 comprising more than 527 athletes and officials from Thailand, Burma, Malaya (now Malaysia), Singapore, South Vietnam and Laos participating in 12 sports.

At the 8th SEAP Games in 1975, the SEAP Federation considered the inclusion of Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines. These countries were formally admitted in 1977, the same year when SEAP Federation changed their name to Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF), and the games were known as the Southeast Asian Games. East Timor was admitted at the 22nd Southeast Asian Games in Vietnam.

The 2009 Southeast Asian Games was the first time Laos has ever hosted a Southeast Asian Games (Laos had previously declined hosting the 1965 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games citing financial difficulties). Running from 9–18 December, it has also commemorated the 50 years of the Southeast Asian Games, held in Vientiane, Laos.

Participating countries

NOC Names	Formal Names	Debuted	IOC code	Other codes used
Brunei	Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace	1977	BRU
Cambodia	Kingdom of Cambodia	1961	CAM
Indonesia	Republic of Indonesia	1977	INA	IHO (1952) IDN (FIFA)
Laos	Lao People's Democratic Republic	1959	LAO
Malaysia	Malaysia	1959	MAS
Myanmar	Republic of the Union of Myanmar	1959	MYA	BIR (1948 – 1992)
Philippines	Republic of the Philippines	1977	PHI	PHL (ISO)
Singapore	Republic of Singapore	1959	SGP	SIN (1959 – 2016)
Thailand	Kingdom of Thailand	1959	THA
Timor-Leste	Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste	2003	TLS	IOA (2000)
Vietnam	Socialist Republic of Vietnam	1959	VIE

Host nations and cities

Since the Southeast Asian Games began in 1959, it has been held in 15 different cities across all Southeast Asian countries except Cambodia and Timor Leste.

1959, 1967, 1975, 1985

1961, 1969

1965, 1971, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2017

1973, 1983, 1993, 2015

1979, 1987, 1997, 2011

2003, 2021

2023

Location of the Southeast Asian Games host

Games	Year	Host Nation	Host City	Opened by	Date	Sports	Events	Nations	Competitors	Top Nation
Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
I	1959	Thailand	Bangkok	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	12–17 December	12	N/A	6	518	Thailand (THA)
II	1961	Burma	Yangon	President Win Maung	11–16 December	13	N/A	7	623	Burma (BIR)
1963		Awarded to Cambodia, cancelled due to domestic political situation
III	1965	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	King Ismail Nasiruddin	14–21 December	14	N/A	6	963	Thailand (THA)
IV	1967	Thailand	Bangkok	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	9–6 December	16	N/A	6	984	Thailand (THA)
V	1969	Burma	Yangon	President Ne Win	6–13 December	15	N/A	6	920	Burma (BIR)
VI	1971	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	King Abdul Halim	6–13 December	15	N/A	7	957	Thailand (THA)
VII	1973	Singapore	Singapore	President Benjamin Sheares	1–8 September	16	N/A	7	1632	Thailand (THA)
VIII	1975	Thailand	Bangkok	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	9–16 December	18	N/A	4	1142	Thailand (THA)
Southeast Asian Games
IX	1977	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	King Yahya Petra	19–26 November	18	N/A	7	N/A	Indonesia (INA)
X	1979	Indonesia	Jakarta	President Suharto	21–30 September	18	N/A	7	N/A	Indonesia (INA)
XI	1981	Philippines	Manila	President Ferdinand Marcos	6–15 December	18	N/A	7	≈1800	Indonesia (INA)
XII	1983	Singapore	Singapore	President Devan Nair	28 May – 6 June	18	N/A	8	N/A	Indonesia (INA)
XIII	1985	Thailand	Bangkok	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	8–17 December	18	N/A	8	N/A	Thailand (THA)
XIV	1987	Indonesia	Jakarta	President Suharto	9–20 September	26	N/A	8	N/A	Indonesia (INA)
XV	1989	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	King Azlan Shah	20–31 August	24	N/A	9	≈2800	Indonesia (INA)
XVI	1991	Philippines	Manila	President Corazon Aquino	24 November – 3 December	28	N/A	9	N/A	Indonesia (INA)
XVII	1993	Singapore	Singapore	President Wee Kim Wee	12–20 June	29	N/A	9	≈3000	Indonesia (INA)
XVIII	1995	Thailand	Chiang Mai	Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn	9–17 December	28	N/A	10	3262	Thailand (THA)
XIX	1997	Indonesia	Jakarta	President Suharto	11–19 October	36	490	10	5179	Indonesia (INA)
XX	1999	Brunei Darussalam	Bandar Seri Begawan	Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah	7–15 August	21	233	10	2365	Thailand (THA)
XXI	2001	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	King Salahuddin	8–17 September	32	391	10	4165	Malaysia (MAS)
XXII	2003	Vietnam	Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City	Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải	5–13 December	32	442	11	≈5000	Vietnam (VIE)
XXIII	2005	Philippines	Manila	President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo	27 November – 5 December	40	443	11	5336	Philippines (PHI)
XXIV	2007	Thailand	Nakhon Ratchasima	Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn	6–15 December	43	475	11	5282	Thailand (THA)
XXV	2009	Laos	Vientiane	President Choummaly Sayasone	9–18 December	29	372	11	3100	Thailand (THA)
XXVI	2011	Indonesia	Jakarta and Palembang	President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	11–22 November	44	545	11	≈5000	Indonesia (INA)
XXVII	2013	Myanmar	Naypyidaw	Vice President Nyan Tun	11–22 December	37	460	11	4730	Thailand (THA)
XXVIII	2015	Singapore	Singapore	President Tony Tan	5–16 June	36	402	11	4370	Thailand (THA)
XXIX	2017	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	TBA	19–30 August	Future event
XXX	2019	TBA ^[2]	TBA	Future event
XXXI	2021	Vietnam	Hanoi	Future event
XXXII	2023	Cambodia	Phnom Penh	Future event
XXXIII	2025	Thailand	TBA	Future event

Sports

A host nation must stage at least a minimum of 22 sports. For each sport and event, a minimum of four member-country must participate to be included in the SEA Games. Sports competed shall not offer more than 5% of total medal tally, with the exception to athletics, aquatics, and shooting. Two compulsory sports (Category 1); athletics and aquatics must be stage in every SEA Games edition, in addition to a minimum of 14 sports from Category 2 and a maximum of 8 sports from Category 3. According to SEAGF Charter and Rules, sports competed in Olympic Games and Asian Games must be given priority or preference.^[1]

Sport	Years
Archery	1977–1997, since 2001
Arnis	1991, 2005
Athletics	All
Badminton	All
Baseball	2005–2007, 2011
Basketball	1979–2003, 2007, since 2011
Billiards and snooker	Since 1991
Bodybuilding	1987–1993, 1997, 2003–2007, 2013
Bowling	1977–1979, 1983–2001, 2005–2007, 2011, since 2015
Boxing	All
Canoeing	1985, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007, 2011–2015
Chess	2003–2005, 2011–2013
Chinlone	Since 2013
Contract bridge	2011 only
Cricket	2017 only
Cycling	1959-1979, since 1983
Dancesport	2005–2009
Diving	Since 1965
Equestrian	1983, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007, since 2011
Fencing	1974–1978, since 1986
Field hockey	1971–1979, 1983, 1987–1989, 1993–2001, 2007, since 2013
Figure skating	2017 only
Fin swimming	2003, 2009–2011
Floorball	2015 only
Football	All
Futsal	2007, 2011–2013, 2017
Golf	1985–1997, 2001, since 2005
Gymnastics	1979–1981, 1985–1997, 2001–2007, 2011, since 2015
Handball	2005–2007
Ice hockey	2017 only
Indoor hockey	2017 only
Judo	1967–1997, 2001–2007, since 2011
Karate	1985–1991, 1995–1997, 2001–2013, 2017
Kenpō	2011–2013

Sport	Years
Lawn bowls	1997, 2001, 2005–2007, 2017
Modern pentathlon	Never
Muaythai	2005–2009, 2013, 2017
Netball	2001, since 2015
Paragliding	2011 only
Pencak silat	1987–1989, 1993–1997, since 2001
Pétanque	Since 2001
Polo	2007, 2017
Roller sports	2011 only
Rowing	1989–1991, 1997, 2001–2007, 2011–2015
Rugby union	1969, 1977–1979, 1995, 2007
Rugby sevens	Since 2015
Sailing	1961, 1969–1971, 1975–1977, 1983–1997, 2001, 2005–2007, since 2011
Sepak takraw	1967–1969, since 1973
Shooting	All
Short track speed skating	2017 only
Shuttle cock	2007–2009
Sport climbing	2011 only
Softball	1981–1983, 1989, 2003–2005, 2011, 2015
Soft tennis	2011 only
Squash	1991–2001, 2005–2007, since 2015
Swimming	All
Synchronized swimming	2001, 2011, since 2015
Table tennis	All
Taekwondo	Since 1985
Tennis	1959–2011, since 2015
Traditional boat race	1993, 1997–1999, 2003–2007, 2011–2015
Triathlon	2005–2007, since 2015
Volleyball	1959–1997, since 2001
Vovinum	2011–2013
Water polo	Since 1965
Water skiing	1987, 1997, 2011, since 2015
Weightlifting	1959–1997, 2001–2013
Wrestling	1987, 1997, 2003–2013
Wushu	1991–1993, 1997, since 2001

All-time medal table

With reference to the official data of the Olympic Council of Asia.^[3]

No.	Nation	Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Thailand (THA)	28	2089	1736	1736	5661
2	Indonesia (INA)	20	1714	1558	1580	4852
3	Malaysia (MAS)¹	28	1104	1123	1526	3753
4	Philippines (PHI)	20	894	1041	1295	3230
5	Singapore (SGP)	28	828	881	1191	2900
6	Vietnam (VIE)⁴	21	771	730	829	2330
7	Myanmar (MYA)⁵	28	545	705	909	2159
8	Laos (LAO)	19	66	87	267	420
9	Cambodia (CAM)³	14	47	88	192	327
10	Brunei (BRU)	18	11	41	132	184
11	Timor-Leste (TLS)	5	3	5	18	26
Total

¹ – Competed as Malaya in the inaugural games until 1961.

² – The Republic of Vietnam was dissolved in July 1976 when it merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to become the Socialist Republic of Vietnam also known as Vietnam. Therefore, the medal counts for this country are considered to be as until 1975. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is not using codes for South Vietnam any more after unifying with North Vietnam.

³ – Competed as Cambodia, Kampuchea, and Khmer Republic.

⁴ – In the 1989 edition, a unified Vietnam rejoined the games with new name and new flag. Medals made by South Vietnam are already combined here. See table tally above for South Vietnam.

⁵ – Competed as Burma until 1987.

Criticism

The games is unique in that there are no official limits to the number of sports which may be contested, and the range may be decided by the organising host pending approval by the Southeast Asian Games Federation. Albeit for some core sports which must be featured, the host is also free to drop or introduce other sports. The strategy to maximise the medal yield and advantage for host country has been a major problem for Southeast Asian Games that being carried out by the host country.

This leeway has resulted in hosts maximising their medal hauls by dropping sports which are disadvantages to themselves relative to their peers, and the introduction of obscure sports, often at short notice, thus preventing most other nations from building up credible opponents. Some examples of these include:

At the 2001 Southeast Asian Games, Malaysia introduced pétanque, and netball.
At the 2003 Southeast Asian Games, Vietnam added fin swimming, shuttlecock, and added wushu event to 28 golds from 16 in 2001.
In the 2005 Southeast Asian Games, the Philippines added arnis, a demonstration sport in 2003, with 6 sets of medals and it won 3 gold medals. Also added were Baseball, Dancesport and Softball events.
At the 2007 Southeast Asian Games, Thailand added some new categories of sepak takraw and used a new kind of ball that had been used by their athletes for a year while other countries had never used it before. Futsal was also added. Thailand won nearly all sets of medal from that discipline.^[4]
In the 2011 Southeast Asian Games, Indonesia dropped the team events in table tennis and shrunk the shooting events to just 14 golds from 19 in 2009 and 33 in 2007. At the same time, bridge, kenpō, paragliding, vovinam and wall climbing were introduced.
In the 2013 Southeast Asian Games, Myanmar introduced local sports Chinlone. The host went on to win 6 out of 8 gold medals in the event. Sittuyin, a traditional Burmese chess which other competing nations were not familiar was included as a traditional chess number along with common chess competition number.^[5]
Floorball was demonstrated by Singapore in the 2013 Southeast Asian Games and then was officially added in the 2015 Southeast Asian Games.

References

1 2 "South East Asian Games Federation: Charter and Rules" (PDF). SEAGF. 30 May 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
↑ "PH withdraws hosting of 2019 SEA games". ABS-CBN News.
↑ "South East Asian Games Medal Count". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
↑ Sports. "VietNamNet - SEA Games or a village festival | SEA Games or a village festival". English.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
↑ HS Manjunath (10 December 2013). "Cambodia eye record medal haul". The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

External links

Southeast Asian Games¹
Host cities Mascots Medal tables Medalists Sports
Bangkok 1959 Yangon 1961 ~~Phnom Penh 1963~~² Kuala Lumpur 1965 Bangkok 1967 Yangon 1969 Kuala Lumpur 1971 Singapore 1973 Bangkok 1975 Kuala Lumpur 1977 Jakarta 1979 Manila 1981 Singapore 1983 Bangkok 1985 Jakarta 1987 Kuala Lumpur 1989 Manila 1991 Singapore 1993 Chiang Mai 1995 Jakarta 1997 Bandar Seri Begawan 1999 Kuala Lumpur 2001 Hanoi–Ho Chi Minh City 2003 Manila 2005 Nakhon Ratchasima 2007 Vientiane 2009 Jakarta–Palembang 2011 Naypyidaw 2013 Singapore 2015 Kuala Lumpur 2017 Songkhla 2019 Hanoi 2021 Phnom Penh 2023 TBA 2025
¹ formerly known as Southeast Asian Peninsular Games from 1959 until 1975. ² Cancelled due to hosting issues and due to the Vietnam War. ASEAN Para Games ASEAN University Games ASEAN School Games ASEAN Deaf Games

Multi-sport events

Global
Olympics	Olympic Games Summer Winter Youth Olympic Games
Disabled sports	Deaflympics Défi sportif Invictus Games CPISRA World Games INAS Global Games IBSA World Games IWAS World Games World Dwarf Games Paralympic Games Summer Winter Special Olympics Summer Winter World Transplant Games
Professions	Lumberjack World Championship World Air Games World Martial Arts Games World Military Games World Police and Fire Games World Firefighters Games World Roller Games European Championship in Forestry Skills Southern Forestry Conclave Stihl Timbersports Series World Logging Championship
Youth and students	Gymnasiade International Children's Games SELL Student Games Universiade World Interuniversity Games Commonwealth Youth Games
Other types	Arafura Games Commonwealth Games CSIT World Sports Games Dew Tour Mind Sports Olympiad World Mind Sports Games SportAccord World Mind Games TAFISA World Games World Combat Games World Games World Masters Games X Games World Beach Games

Regional
Africa	African Youth Games African Games All-Africa University Games
Americas	Pan American Pan American Games Parapan American Games Central American and Caribbean Central American and Caribbean Games Central American Games Latin American ALBA Games Bolivarian Games North American CANUSA Games North American Indigenous Games North American Outgames South American South American Games South American Beach Games South American Youth Games
Asia	Pan Asian Asian Games Asian Beach Games Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games Asian Para Games Asian Winter Games Asian Youth Games Southeast Asian Southeast Asian Games ASEAN School Games ASEAN University Games ASEAN Para Games Central Asian Games South Asian Games West Asian Games
Europe	Black Sea Games European Games European Masters Games European Sports Championships European Youth Olympic Festival Games of the Small States of Europe
Oceania	Australian Youth Olympic Festival Micronesian Games Pacific Games
Intercontinental	Arctic Winter Games Asia Pacific Deaf Games Indian Ocean Island Games Island Games Mediterranean Games Pan Arab Games
Intercommunity	CPLP Games Croatian World Games Gay Games EuroGames Invictus Games Islamic Solidarity Games Jeux de la Francophonie Lusophony Games Maccabiah Games Pan Arab Games Pan-Armenian Games Transplant Games World Eskimo Indian Olympics World Indigenous Games World Nomad Games World Outgames

National

Africa

South African Games¹

Americas

Canada British Columbia Quebec Western Colombia United States amateur juniors seniors Warrior Games
NCSG, United States³	Alabama California Florida Massachusetts Missouri Montana Nebraska New York North Carolina North Dakota¹ Lakota Nation Texas Wisconsin

Asia

Europe

Netherlands
Poland (youth)
All-Union Spartakiad¹
Spartakiad of Albania¹
Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR¹
- youth¹

Historical¹
Pre-Modern Olympics (in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD)	Tailteann Games (ancient) Panhellenic Games Ancient Olympic Games Pythian Games Nemean Games Isthmian Games Heraean Games Panathenaic Games Roman Games Cotswold Olimpick Games Gog Magog Games Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games Zappas Olympics
Alternatives to the Modern Olympics	Aryan Games Friendship Games Goodwill Games Inter-Allied Games Islamic Games Liberty Bell Classic People's Olympiad Workers' Olympiads
Defunct regional or community events	Afro-Asian Games Asian Indoor Games Asian Martial Arts Games Central African Games East Asian Games Far Eastern Championship Games FESPIC Games Games of the New Emerging Forces Nordic Games Pacific Ocean Games Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR Tailteann Games (modern) Women's Islamic Games World Youth Games

Winter games
International	Olympics Paralympics Winter Universiade Commonwealth¹ World Scout Arctic Winter Games Kennedy Memorial¹ New Zealand Winter Games
Regional	National Winter Games of China Asian Winter Games European Youth Olympic Festival Winter X Games Europe

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