South West African Class Ha

GSWA Class Ha 0-6-2T
South West African Class Ha 0-6-2T

Class Ha works picture, c. 1904

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Henschel and Son
Builder	Henschel and Son
Serial number	6695-6704
Model	Class Ha
Build date	1903
Total produced	10

Specifications
Configuration:
• Whyte	0-6-2T (Branchliner)
• UIC	C1n2t
Driver	3rd coupled axle
Gauge	600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in) narrow
Coupled dia.	27 ⁹⁄₁₆ in (700 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	23 ft 6 ¹¹⁄₁₆ in (7,180 mm)
Loco weight	21 LT 6 cwt (21,640 kg)
Fuel type	Coal
Firebox type	Round-top
• Firegrate area	8.6 sq ft (0.80 m²)
Boiler pressure	171 psi (1,179 kPa)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	11 ¹³⁄₁₆ in (300 mm) bore 13 ²⁵⁄₃₂ in (350 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Allan
Valve type	Slide
Couplers	Buffer-and-chains

Performance figures
Tractive effort	8,928 lbf (39.71 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	Otavi Mining and Railway Co. South African Railways
Class	Class Ha
Number in class	10
Numbers	21-30
Delivered	1904
First run	1904

The South West African Class Ha 0-6-2T of 1904 was a steam locomotive from the German South West Africa era.

In 1904, the German administration in German South West Africa acquired ten Class Ha tank locomotives with a 0-6-2 wheel arrangement for lease to the Otavi Mining and Railway Company. Only one of these locomotives survived the First World War to be taken onto the roster of the South African Railways.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Manufacturer

In 1903, ten 600 millimetres (23.62 inches) narrow gauge 0-6-2 tank steam locomotives were built for the German administration in German South West Africa (GSWA) by Henschel and Son in Germany. When delivered in 1904, they were designated Class Ha.^[1]^[4]

They were leased to the Otavi Mining and Railway Company who operated a narrow gauge railway across the Namib Desert between Swakopmund and Tsumeb.^[1]

Available sources are in conflict regarding the engine numbers of these locomotives. They were delivered by Henschel with numbers in the range from 11 to 20 on their cabside number plates, but were renumbered in the range from 21 to 30 by the railway, possibly since the fifteen Jung locomotives were already numbered in the range from 1 to 15.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Characteristics

No. 27 as tender locomotive, c. 1910

The locomotives were similar to the earlier Jung locomotives in dimensions, but had larger boilers. They used Allan valve gear. Their "Ha" class designation identified the locomotive type as the first class to have been built for GSWA by Henschel.^[1]^[3]

One of these locomotives, no. 27, and possibly more were rebuilt in the Usakos Workshop for use on the Otavi Railway's fast passenger service by removing the side-tanks and coal bunker and coupling it to a tender. Similar modifications were done on two of the Jung locomotives.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Service

During the First World War, the former German colony came under South African administration and the railways in GSWA came under control of the Union Defence Forces. Control of all railway operations in South West Africa (SWA) was passed on from the Military to the Director of Railways in Windhoek on 1 August 1915. On 1 April 1922, all the railway lines and rolling stock in the territory became part of the South African Railways (SAR).^[1]

Only one of these locomotives, no. 22, survived the First World War into the SAR era. It retained its German Colonial Ha class designation and engine number in SAR service.^[1]

Other locomotive types

At least two other locomotive types also served on the Otavi Railway, but information about them is sketchy. Even though they are reputed to have been built by Henschel, they do not appear in the Henschel works list.^[4]

In 1903, a small side-tank engine with a four-wheeled tender was supplied. Its chimney and spark arrestor were of the inverted conical type. The wheel arrangement of the engine is not known, but the boiler pressure was set at 176 pounds per square inch (1,213 kilopascals) and the tractive effort at 75% of boiler pressure was 4,930 pounds-force (21.9 kilonewtons). The tender carried 2 long tons 10 hundredweight (2.5 tonnes) of coal and the engine's side tanks had a capacity of 1,210 imperial gallons (5,500 litres).^[3]
In the same year, two small shunting engines were supplied. They had a 2-2-2 Patentee type wheel arrangement and were numbered 28 and 29. It had two cylinders of 12 inches (305 millimetres) bore and 13 inches (330 millimetres) stroke and driving wheels of 33 ⁷⁄₈ inches (860 millimetres) diameter. The boiler pressure was set at 176 pounds per square inch (1,213 kilopascals) and the tractive effort at 75% of boiler pressure was 4,930 pounds-force (21.9 kilonewtons). The engine weight in working order was 18 long tons (18.29 tonnes).^[3]

Since construction of the 600 millimetres (23.62 inches) narrow gauge Otavi Railway commenced in November 1903, the date of entry into service of these two locomotive types suggests that they were acquired as construction engines.^[2]^[9]

In 1914, Henschel shipped two 4-6-2 Pacific type locomotives to Swakopmund for the Otavi Railway, with works numbers 12829 and 12830. They were to have been numbered 31 and 32, but were lost at sea when their ship was sunk.^[4]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South West African Class Ha.

1 2 3 4 5 6 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 115. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 Dulez, Jean A. (2012). Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent – Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains – 1860–2011) (1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. pp. 235, 379–382. ISBN 9 780620 512282.
1 2 3 4 5 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1947). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1947. p. 859.
1 2 3 4 Henschel-Lieferliste (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow
1 2 SAR-L Group. South African Railways Fans, Yahoo! Groups message no. 51280, 11 July 2016. (Accessed on 13 July 2016)
1 2 SAR-L Group. South African Railways Fans, Yahoo! Groups message no. 51283, 11 July 2016. (Accessed on 13 July 2016)
↑ Röhr, Gustav F. (1980). Die Feldspurbahnen Südwestafrikas 1000km auf 600mm Spur. Verlag und Büro für spezielle Verkehrsliteratur, Röhr Verlag. ISBN 3-88490-092-7
↑ Schroeter, Helmut; Ramaer, Roel (1993). Die Eisenbahnen in den einst Deutschen Schutzgebieten - Damals und Heute. Röhr Verlag GmbH, Krefeld, Germany. ISBN 3-88490-184-2
↑ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1947). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South West Africa. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, August 1947. p. 667.

Steam Locomotives of South West Africa
600mm gauge (Narrow gauge)	Class Ha Class Hb Class Hc Class Hd Jung Zwillinge
3' 6" gauge (Cape gauge)	6-Coupled Tank 8-Coupled Tank 8-Coupled Tender 10-Coupled Tender
List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT
4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance
3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T
3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0
3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U
2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope
2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000
2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000
3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000
3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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