New Italian Socialist Party

New Italian Socialist Party
Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano (Nuovo PSI)
President Stefano Caldoro
Secretary vacant
Founded 20 January 2001
Merger of Socialist League
Socialist Party
Headquarters Via di Torre Argentina, 47
00186 Rome
Newspaper È ora
Membership (2006) 40,000[1]
Ideology Social democracy
Social liberalism
Political position Centre-right
National affiliation House of Freedoms (2001–08)
The People of Freedom (2008–13)
Forza Italia (2013–2015)
European affiliation none
International affiliation none
European Parliament group no MEPs
Chamber of Deputies
0 / 630
Senate
1 / 315
European Parliament
0 / 73
Website
www.nuovopsi.net

The New Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano, NPSI, whose official name is Nuovo PSI),[2] is a small political party in Italy which professes a social-democratic ideology and claims to be the successor to the historical Italian Socialist Party, which was disbanded after the judiciary tempest of the early 1990s (see Mani pulite).

The party, which was long aligned with the centre-right Forza Italia/The People of Freedom/Forza Italia party, was founded in 2001 as Socialist Party – New PSI (Partito Socialista – Nuovo PSI), but, after the split of the Socialist Party in 2007, it assumed the current name. Most of the party's members are former followers of Bettino Craxi, who was convicted for corruption and whom New Socialists often portray as a victim of political persecution. The party has been an ally of the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition for most of its history, as the centre-left has been dominated by former Communists alas the main opponents of the Socialists (most of whom had earlier joined Forza Italia).

The main leader of the party was Gianni De Michelis, who however left the party in 2007, being replaced by Stefano Caldoro. In 2007 several members left to join the centre-left Socialist Party, while what remained of the NPSI was merged into the centre-right PdL. From 2010 to 2015 party leader Caldoro served as President of Campania for the PdL.

History

The party was founded in 2001 by the merger of the Socialist Party of Gianni De Michelis, the Socialist League of Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi (son of Bettino), who had been founding members of the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998, other splinters of that party, as Mauro Del Bue, and former members of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.

2001 general election

At its founding congress, the NPSI decided to enter the centre-right House of Freedoms (CdL) coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi, a former friend of Bettino Craxi, as the centre-left was considered too compromised with the Mani pulite investigation, upon which the old PSI was disbanded while the ex-Communists were not touched.

The centre-right won the 2001 general election and Berlusconi appointed Stefano Caldoro, a young Socialist, as deputy minister for Education in his government. In the election, the NPSI gained just 1.0% of the vote and had three deputies (Craxi, Vincenzo Milioto and Chiara Moroni) and one senator (Franco Crinò) elected in single-seat constituencies. Party secretary De Michelis and spokesperson Martelli were not elected since the party failed to pass the 4% threshold.

2004 European Parliament election

At the 2004 European Parliament election, the NPSI formed an alliance with small social-democratic movements and parties such as Socialist Unity, founded and headed by Claudio Signorile. The list, named United Socialists for Europe, gained 2.0% of the vote, and two MEPs, De Michelis and Alessandro Battilocchio. In Calabria the list gained 7.0%, the highest result ever for the party. The party was denied membership of the PES Group and the two NPSI MEPs sat as Non-Inscrits. They eventually joined the Party of European Socialists in October 2007 as members of the newly formed Socialist Party (PS).

At the 2005 regional elections the NPSI ran its lists as part of the CdL. In Calabria, the party's stronghold, it received 5.4%. However, the CdL lost 12 regions out of 14, forcing Berlusconi to reshuffle cabinet. In the new government Caldoro was promoted minister.

De Michelis vs. Craxi

In October 2005 a national congress was held in Rome in order to deliberate the political line to be held by the party, particularly about electoral coalitions. During the congress, which was characterised by a heated atmosphere and several controversies, Craxi, who supported a "unity towards left" within The Union and an immediate retirement from Berlusconi's government, challenged De Michelis, who instead asked the congress to delay the decision.

De Michelis received support from Caldoro, Maroni and Alessandro Battilocchio, whereas Craxi was supported by Milioto, Crinò and Saverio Zavettieri, the powerful Calabrian leader of the party. At some point, De Michelis unrecognised the congress, declaring it had never been officially opened, and abandoned it with all of his supporters. The remaining delegates thus elected Craxi secretary. Later, the Tribunal of Rome nullified the congress's outcome.

2006 general election

Logo of DC–NPSI

Craxi's faction abandoned the party immediately after the sentence, was re-organised into The Italian Socialists and joined The Union. De Michelis, after winning the legal dispute for the symbol and the leadership of the NPSI, led the party into an alliance with Gianfranco Rotondi's Christian Democracy for the Autonomies (DCA) at the 2006 general election.

The DCA-NPSI list gained a mere 0.7% of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies and 0.6% for the Senate. It still had six deputies elected because as the list that received more votes under the 2% threshold in its alliance, the CdL. Of these, two were of the NPSI: Lucio Barani and Del Bue. Two more candidates were elected as candidates of Forza Italia (Moroni and Giovanni Ricevuto), however they abandoned the party in May, fearing that it was heading out of the centre-right coalition. Nonetheless the NPSI and its two MPs formed a joint parliamentary group with DCA comprising six MPs in total, which made it a minimal force in Parliament.

Caldoro vs. De Michelis

In June 2007 the NPSI split among those who wanted to participate to the foundation of a joint "Socialist Party" along with the Italian Democratic Socialists of Enrico Boselli, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi and the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci and those who wanted to maintain the allegiance to the House of Freedoms coalition. The first group was led by Gianni De Michelis, the latter by Stefano Caldoro.

From some time the NPSI had actually two leaderships, elected in two separate congresses: on 24 June Stefano Caldoro was elected secretary of the right-wing faction of the party,[3] while on 7–8 July Mauro Del Bue was elected secretary and De Michelis president by those NPSI members who wanted to take part to the foundation of the Socialist Party,[4] whose first meeting took place on 14 July.[5][6] In practical terms, there were two parties with the same name.[7] After the split, both groups had a member in the Chamber of Deputies: Mauro Del Bue for the NPSI–De Michelis and Barani for the NPSI–Caldoro.

After a consensual separation, the group of De Michelis changed name into "Socialist Party" (coherently with name of the future party).[8] Subsequently, in October, the two MEPs elected with the NPSI in 2004, De Michelis and Alessandro Battilocchio, joined the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.[9][10] Since that moment the only NPSI was that led by Caldoro, who announced that its party was interested in joining The People of Freedom (PdL) along with Forza Italia and National Alliance.

The PS–De Michelis participated in the "Socialist Party" list in the 2008 general election, along with the aforementioned social-democratic organisations, and took part to the founding congress of the Socialist Party (renamed "Italian Socialist Party", PSI) in July 2008.[11]

From centre-right to "double membership"

At the 2008 general election the NPSI got two deputies re-elected in the lists of the PdL: Caldoro and Barani. In March 2009 the party was merged into the PdL, but has retained some of its autonomy. In the 2010 Campania regional election Caldoro was elected President by a landslide.

Following his election, Caldoro stepped down from party secretary and was succeeded by Barani. Caldoro was then elected party president.[12]

In 2013 the NPSI joined Forza Italia (FI), the new party born from the PdL's ashes.

In 2015 Barani stepped down from secretary, after having joined the Liberal Popular Alliance, formed by FI dissidents who wanted to explicitly support Matteo Renzi's centre-left government.[13][14] Following Barani's move, the party appointed Antonio Fasolino as coordinator, chose to cut its official ties with FI and launched the so-called "double membership": under this system, any NPSI member can contextually join another party, such as FI or the PS. Caldoro remained with FI.[15][16][17]

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Chamber of Deputies
Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 # of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2001 353,269 (#13) 0.93
3 / 630
–
 Gianni De Michelis
2006 285,474 (#13) 0.74
4 / 630
Increase 1
 Gianni De Michelis
2008 with PdL –
2 / 630
Decrease 2
 Stefano Caldoro
2013 with PdL –
0 / 630
Decrease 2
 Lucio Barani
Senate of the Republic
Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 # of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2001 with CdL –
1 / 315
–
 Gianni De Michelis
2006 190,724 (#15) 0.55
0 / 315
Decrease 1
 Gianni De Michelis
2008 with PdL –
0 / 315
–
 Stefano Caldoro
2013 with PdL –
1 / 315
Increase 1
 Lucio Barani

European Parliament

Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 # of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2004[lower-alpha 1] 664,463 (#11) 2.04
2 / 72
–
 Gianni De Michelis
  1. ↑ United Socialists for Europe, including also Socialist Unity.

Leadership

References

  1. ↑ http://www.nuovopsi.com/lab2007/n51.pdf
  2. ↑ Statuto del Partito “Nuovo PSI”
  3. ↑ "Caldoro segretario del Nuovo Psi". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  4. ↑ "Socialisti: Del Bue, Piu' Impegno Nuovo Psi Verso Costituente". Adnkronos.com. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  5. ↑ "De Michelis: costituente socialista Caldoro: tu vuoi andare a sinistra". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  6. ↑ Redazione Tgcom (2008-09-25). "Tgcom - Nuovo Psi, De Michelis presidente". Tgcom24.mediaset.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  7. ↑ Gabriele Maestri, I simboli della discordia, Giuffrè, Milan 2012, pp. 119-120
  8. ↑ Gabriele Maestri, I simboli della discordia, Giuffrè, Milan 2012, pp. 120-121
  9. ↑ "Gianni DE MICHELIS". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  10. ↑ "Alessandro BATTILOCCHIO". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  11. ↑ "La storia". Partitosocialista.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  12. ↑ "Lucio Barani eletto segretario nazionale - Cronaca - il Tirreno". Iltirreno.gelocal.it. 2011-06-26. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  13. ↑ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/07/27/nuovo-psi-il-segretario-barani-aderisce-al-gruppo-verdini-ma-rischia-lespulsione/1910471/
  14. ↑ http://www.agenparl.com/nuovo-psi-lucio-barani-si-dimette-da-segretario-nazionale/
  15. ↑ http://www.ottopagine.it/sa/politica/43791/e-frattura-fra-forza-italia-e-nuovo-psi.shtml
  16. ↑ http://www.ottopagine.it/av/politica/42687/nuovo-psi-fasolino-coordinatore-nazionale.shtml
  17. ↑ http://www.avellinotoday.it/politica/nuovo-psi-caldoro-barani.html
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