Snow blower

A heavy-duty walk-behind two-stage snow blower.
A snow blower at work in Upper Bavaria, Germany, 2005
A Swiss railway snow thrower at Erstfeld railway station, 2016

A snow blower or snow thrower is a machine for removing snow from an area where it is not wanted, such as a driveway, sidewalk, roadway, railroad track, ice rink, or runway. The misnomer "snow blower" is often used, as the snow is moved using an auger or impeller instead of blowing it. It can use either electric power (line power or battery), or a gasoline or diesel engine to throw snow to another location or into a truck to be hauled away. This is in contrast with the action of snow plows, which push snow to the front or side.

Snow blowers range from the very small, capable of removing only a few inches (a few more cm) of light snow in an 18 to 20 in (457 to 508 mm) path, to the very large, mounted onto heavy-duty winter service vehicles and capable of moving 20-foot (6.10 m) wide, or wider, swaths of heavy snow up to 6 feet (1.83 m) deep.

Snow blowers can generally be divided into two classes: single-stage and two-stage. On a single-stage snow blower, the auger (the paddle mechanism visible from the front) pulls snow into the machine and directs it out of a discharge chute. The auger contacts the ground, making single-stage snow blowers unsuitable for use on unpaved surfaces. On a two-stage snow blower, the auger pulls snow into the machine and feeds it into a high-speed impeller, which in turn directs it out of a discharge chute. Two-stage snow blowers can generally handle deeper snow depths than single-stage ones, and because their augers don't touch the ground, they can be used on unpaved surfaces.

History

Snow blower in Rocky Mountain National Park, 1933

Robert Carr Harris of Dalhousie, New Brunswick patented a "Railway Screw Snow Excavator" in 1870.[1] In 1923, Robert E. Cole patented a snowplow that operated by using cutters and a fan to blow snow from a surface.[2] Various other innovations also occurred.[3] However, it is Arthur Sicard (1876–1946) who is generally credited as the inventor of the first practical snow blower. In 1925 Sicard completed his first prototype, based on a concept he described in 1894.[4] He founded Sicard Industries in Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec and by 1927 his vehicles were in use removing snow from the roadways of the town of Outremont, now a borough of Montreal. His company is now a division of SMI-Snowblast, Inc. of Watertown, New York.[5]

Safety issues

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that each year there are approximately 5,740 snowblower related injuries in the United States which require medical attention.[6] One problem with the design of the snow blower is that snow can build up in the auger, jamming it and stalling the motor. This is complicated by the fact that the auger could deform before applying enough resistance to the motor to turn it off. If the jam is cleared by hand, it is possible for the auger to return to its natural shape suddenly and with great force, possibly injuring the user; snow blowers are a leading cause of traumatic hand and finger amputations.[7] The correct procedure is to turn off the engine, disengage the clutch and then clear the jam with a broom handle or other long object. In an effort to improve safety, many manufacturers now include a plastic tool to be used to clear jams, often mounted directly to the snow blower.

Most modern machines mitigate this problem by including a safety system known as the "Dead man's switch" to prevent the mechanism from rotating when the operator is not at the controls. They are mandatory in some jurisdictions.

Jet-engine snow blowers

A jet-engine snow blower clearing a railway track at Coney Island Yard, New York, 2014

Jet engines and other gas turbines are used for large scale propelling and melting of snow over rails and roads. These blowers first were used in Russia and Canada in the 1960s as the large amounts of snow fall were becoming problematic for their train tracks and road ways, and were later introduced into the US by the Boston Transportation Authorities.

The jet engine both melts and blows the snow, clearing the tracks faster than other methods. While offering considerably greater power in a relatively lightweight machine, this method is much more expensive than traditional snow removing methods. In Russia, the high cost is partially negated by utilizing retired military jet engines, such as the Klimov VK-1.[8][9][10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Harris, R.C. (September 20, 1870). "US Patent and Trademark Office: US107485". Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  2. ↑ Cole, Robert (April 21, 1923). "US Patent and Trademark Office: US001545235". Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  3. ↑ Mario Theriault, Great Maritme Inventions 1833–1950, Goose Lane Editions, 2001, p. 61
  4. ↑ "The Gilson SNOW BLOWER Shop, Snowblower History". Gilsonsnowblowers.com. 2007-01-27. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
  5. ↑ About Sicard Industries
  6. ↑ "Snow Thrower Safety" (PDF). Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
  7. ↑ http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=283&topcategory=Injury%20Prevention
  8. ↑ http://www.cracked.com/article_19624_5-absurd-solutions-to-huge-problems-that-actually-worked_p4.html
  9. ↑ CSX jet powered snow removal unit
  10. ↑ Relic of a Klimov VK1 engine used to clear Russian runways
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