Sisak

Sisak
Sisak
City
Top: Old bridge over the Kupa river; Center left: Antun Gustav Matoš monument; Center right: Sisak Fortress; Bottom left: Holland Storehouse; Bottom right: Roman ruins of Siscia

Flag
Sisak

Location of Sisak within Croatia

Coordinates: 45°29′N 16°22′E / 45.483°N 16.367°E / 45.483; 16.367
Country  Croatia
County Sisak-Moslavina
Government
 • Mayor Kristina Ikić Baniček[1] (SDP)
 • City Council
Area
 • City 422.75 km2 (163.22 sq mi)
 • Metro 989.50 km2 (382.05 sq mi)
Elevation 98 m (321.52 ft)
Population (2011)[2]
 • City 47,768
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 44000
Area code(s) 044
Patron saints Quirinus of Sescia
Website www.sisak.hr

Sisak (Croatian pronunciation: [sǐːsak]; Hungarian: Sziszek, [ˈsziszek], also known by other alternative names) is a city and episcopal see in central Croatia, located at the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m. The city's total population in 2011 was 47,768 of which 33,322 live in the urban settlement (naselje).[3]

Sisak is the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). It lies on the main road Zagreb-Sisak-Petrinja (M12.2) and the railroad Zagreb-Sisak-Sunja. Sisak is a regional economic, cultural and historical center. The largest oil refinery in Croatia is located here.[4]

Name

Prior to the invasion by the Roman Empire, which gave it the Latin name Siscia, the region was Celtic and Illyrian and the city there was named Segestica.[5]

In German the town is known as Sissek, in Hungarian as Sziszek, Latin as Siscia and in Kajkavian and Slovene as Sisek.

History

Roman empire

Vetranio coin struck at Siscia mint in 350.

During the Roman Empire when Sisak was part of the Roman province of Pannonia as Siscia, a Roman mint in the city produced coins under a series of emperors between 262 and 383 AD.[6]

The Christian martyr Quirinus of Sescia, presumed the first bishop of the Diocese of Sescia, was tortured and nearly killed during Diocletian's persecution of Christians. Legend has it that they tied him to a millstone and threw him into a river, but he freed himself from the weight, escaped and continued to preach his faith. Today he is the patron saint of Sisak. When Diocletian split Pannonia into four provinces, Siscia became the capital of Pannonia Savia, the southwestern one.

Middle Ages

Braslav of Lower Pannonia reigned from Sisak until he was killed in the Hungarian invasion ca. 898.[7] According to Historia Salonitana, Duke Tomislav reclaimed it soon after.[8][9]

Early modern

Veliki Kaptol

The 16th-century triangular fortress of the Old Town, well-preserved and turned into the Native Museum, is the main destination of every tourist. The fortress is famous for the victory of the joint forces of Croats, Austrians and Carniolans (Slovenes) over the Ottomans in 1593, known as the Battle of Sisak. It was one of the early significant defeats of the up-to-then invincible Ottoman army on European territory. The Croatian Ban Thomas Erdődy who led the defense in this battle became famous throughout Europe. The Baroque palace of Mali Kaptol, the classicist Veliki Kaptol, the brick Stari most ("Old Bridge") over the Kupa, and the ethnological park are the most frequently visited landmarks.

Modern

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Sisak was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Contemporary

From 1929-39, Sisak was part of the Sava Banovina and from 1939-41 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Sisak children's concentration camp was set up by the Croatian Axis Ustaše government for Serbian, Jewish and Romani children. It is estimated that 1,152–2,000 children were killed in the camp.[10]

With the outbreak of the Croatian War in 1991, Sisak remained in Croatian hands while the territory to the south was controlled by Serbs. In 1991-92, the Croatian Army killed 611 civilians in Sisak, of whom 595 were Serbs, 14 Croats and 2 Bosniaks, according to Domagoj Margetić sr.[11][12]

During the war, the Serb forces often shelled the city, causing dozens of civilian casualties and extensive damage to the city's industry.[13] The war ended with the Operation Storm (1995), which led to 150,000–200,000 ethnic Serbs fleeing Croatia; the number of Serbs in Sisak decreased from 12,017 (1991) to 3,897 (2001).

Population

Historical population
of Sisak
YearPop.±%
1857 15,738—    
1869 18,669+18.6%
1880 24,433+30.9%
1890 38,181+56.3%
1900 51,821+35.7%
1910 73,831+42.5%
1921 102,912+39.4%
1931 138,414+34.5%
1948 11,293−91.8%
1953 12,921+14.4%
1961 26,821+107.6%
1971 39,633+47.8%
1981 65,822+66.1%
1991 78,531+19.3%
2001 76,212−3.0%
2011 75,768−0.6%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 & Popis stanovništva 2011

In the 2011 census, of the total population of 47,768 there were 40,590 Croats (84.97%), 3,071 Serbs (6.43%), 1,646 Bosniaks (3.45%), 648 Romani (1.36%), 179 Albanians (0.37%), 29 Montenegrins (0.06%), and the rest were other ethnicities.

In the 2011 census, the population by religion was 37,319 Roman Catholics (78.13%; since 2009 again served by their own Diocese of Sisak), 3,279 Orthodox Christians (6.86%), 2,442 Muslims (5.11%) and others.

Municipal makeup

The city's administrative area is composed of the following settlements:[2]

  • Blinjski Kut, population 278
  • Budaševo, population 1,660
  • Bukovsko, population 89
  • Crnac, population 553
  • Čigoč, population 97
  • Donje Komarevo, population 322
  • Gornje Komarevo, population 508
  • Greda, population 861
  • Gušće, population 387
  • Hrastelnica, population 898
  • Jazvenik, population 142
  • Klobučak, population 68
  • Kratečko, population 200
  • Letovanci, population 52
  • Lonja, population 111
  • Lukavec Posavski, population 127
  • Madžari, population 235
  • Mužilovčica, population 74
  • Novo Pračno, population 444
  • Novo Selo, population 624
  • Novo Selo Palanječko, population 517
  • Odra Sisačka, population 814
  • Palanjek, population 318
  • Prelošćica, population 528
  • Sela, population 969
  • Sisak, population 33,049
  • Stara Drenčina, population 223
  • Staro Pračno, population 896
  • Staro Selo, population 110
  • Stupno, population 480
  • Suvoj, population 42
  • Topolovac, population 894
  • Veliko Svinjičko, population 271
  • Vurot, population 102
  • Žabno, population 509

Miscellaneous

Steam locomotive in front of the Sisak railway station

Chief occupations are farming, ferrous metallurgy (iron works), chemicals, leather (footwear), textiles and food processing plants (dairy products, alcoholic beverages), building material, crude oil refinery and thermal power.

Sisak features the largest metallurgic factory and the largest oil refinery in Croatia. Sisak has many rich mineral springs (spas) with healing properties in the temperature range from 42 to 54 °C (108 to 129 °F).

The city hosts University of Zagreb's Faculty of Metallurgy.

Sports and recreation facilities in the town and the surroundings include mainly the waters and alluvial plains a public beach on the Kupa. All rivers (Kupa, Odra, Sava) with their backwaters offer fishing opportunities. There are hunting grounds in the regions of Turopolje and Posavina. Sisak is the starting point for sightseeing tours into Lonjsko Polje (Field of Lonja river) nature park. The local football club is HNK Segesta. Sisak features the oldest ice hockey club in Croatia, KHL Sisak est. 1934.

Climate

Climate data for Sisak (1971–2000, extremes 1949–2014)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5)		 23.4
(74.1)		 27.4
(81.3)		 31.1
(88)		 34.3
(93.7)		 38.1
(100.6)		 39.8
(103.6)		 40.0
(104)		 34.9
(94.8)		 29.6
(85.3)		 25.0
(77)		 23.7
(74.7)		 40.0
(104)
Average high °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)		 6.8
(44.2)		 12.2
(54)		 16.7
(62.1)		 21.9
(71.4)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.0
(80.6)		 26.6
(79.9)		 22.4
(72.3)		 16.2
(61.2)		 9.1
(48.4)		 4.7
(40.5)		 16.0
(60.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9)		 2.4
(36.3)		 6.8
(44.2)		 11.2
(52.2)		 16.2
(61.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 21.2
(70.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 16.1
(61)		 10.8
(51.4)		 5.3
(41.5)		 1.5
(34.7)		 11.0
(51.8)
Average low °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 1.5
(34.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 9.9
(49.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 14.7
(58.5)		 14.3
(57.7)		 10.5
(50.9)		 6.1
(43)		 1.6
(34.9)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 5.9
(42.6)
Record low °C (°F) −25.2
(−13.4)		 −25
(−13)		 −18.4
(−1.1)		 −5
(23)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 1.9
(35.4)		 5.4
(41.7)		 3.9
(39)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −7.2
(19)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −19.2
(−2.6)		 −25.2
(−13.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.0
(1.929)		 48.2
(1.898)		 55.0
(2.165)		 69.4
(2.732)		 79.4
(3.126)		 94.7
(3.728)		 80.2
(3.157)		 77.8
(3.063)		 84.5
(3.327)		 78.7
(3.098)		 91.1
(3.587)		 68.3
(2.689)		 876.1
(34.492)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 11.7 10.9 11.6 13.8 13.0 13.8 10.9 10.1 11.5 12.3 12.0 12.4 143.9
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 11.8 8.4 2.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 8.3 34.8
Average relative humidity (%) 85.0 78.7 71.3 68.5 69.8 71.1 71.1 74.9 79.9 82.8 85.8 87.3 77.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.7 93.2 142.6 174.0 235.6 246.0 285.2 257.3 186.0 114.7 54.0 43.4 1,884.7
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[14][15]

International relations

Sisak oil refinery

Twin towns — Sister cities

Sisak is twinned with:

See also

References

Bibliography

  • Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. Retrieved 10 March 2010. 

Notes

  1. ↑ "2013 Lokalni". Izbori.hr. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  2. 1 2 "Enumerated persons, households and housing units, 2011 census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  3. ↑ "Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske". Dzs.hr. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  4. ↑ Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ John T. Koch (2006). Celtic Culture. p. 1662. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
  6. ↑ "Details for issuing mint located at Siscia (Sisak, Croatia)". Finds.org.uk. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  7. ↑ John Van Antwerp Fine; John V. A. Fine, Jr. (2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans. University of Michigan Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-472-11414-X.
  8. ↑ John Van Antwerp Fine; John V. A. Fine, Jr. (2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans. University of Michigan Press. p. 178. ISBN 0-472-11414-X.
  9. ↑ Stanko Guldescu (1964). History of Medieval Croatia. Mouton. p. 113.
  10. ↑ "Sisak: Srbi traže da logor za djecu uđe u udžbenike". Glassrpske.com. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  11. ↑ "Hrvatski-specijalci-sekli-grkljane-Srbima". Vesti-online.com (in Croatian). Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  12. ↑ "Sisački dosije mraka". Vreme. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  13. ↑ "11 kaznenih prijava za razaranje Siska". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 27 January 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  14. ↑ "Sisak Climate Normals" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  15. ↑ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Sisak u razdoblju1949−2014" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  16. ↑ "Twin Towns". Gabrovo.bg. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sisak.
Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Croatia.

Coordinates: 45°28′N 16°23′E / 45.467°N 16.383°E / 45.467; 16.383

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.