Simón de Anda y Salazar

Simón de Anda y Salazar

Governor-General of the Philippines
In office July 1770 – October 30, 1776
Monarch	Charles III of Spain
Preceded by	José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez
Succeeded by	Pedro de Sarrio
Leader of the Spanish Resistance in the Philippines
In office October 6, 1762 – January 30, 1764^[1]

Personal details
Born	(1709-10-28)October 28, 1709 Subijana, Basque Country, Spain
Died	October 30, 1776(1776-10-30) (aged 67) Cavite, Captaincy General of the Philippines
Military service
Battles/wars	Seven Years' War

Simón de Anda y Salazar (October 28, 1709 – October 30, 1776) was a Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July, 1770 to October 30, 1776.

Oidor at the Royal Audience of Manila and Lieutenant Governor

De Anda y Salazar was an Oidor of the Royal Audience of Manila, who was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of the city by the Governor-General of the Philippines and the Audiencia itself during the British occupation of Manila. He departed Manila on the night of 5 Oct. 1762, during the Battle of Manila (1762), and established Spanish a provisional colonial government and army in Bulacan. The acting governor of Manila, Archbishop Manuel Rojo, was captured by the British and surrendered the Philippines, but this act was rejected as illegal by Anda.^[2]

Resistance

Anda escaped from Manila with much of the treasury and documents, assumed full authority on behalf of the Royal Audience of Manila, established the provisional government and raised an army in Bulacan (later Pampanga), and launched the resistance against the British. All early negotiations between him and the British forces in Manila proved unsuccessful, as he returned unopened all letters sent to him that did not address him as the legitimate Governor-General of the Philippines,^[2]^:90 something that the British refused to do until the death of Archbishop Rojo, on January 30, 1764.

In March 1764, orders were brought from both the King of Britain and the King of Spain by the Spanish governor designate Brigadier Don Francisco de la Torre, requiring the handover of the city to Spain in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763). British Governor Drake was charged with culpability as governor but forestalled an adverse finding by resigning and leaving the Philippines on March 29, 1764. The Manila Council elected Alexander Dalrymple as governor on the same day, but the Manila garrison would not obey him. On April 1, 1764, the Manila garrison ceremonially marched out, embarking for home, and giving the Spanish control of Manila with de la Torre as Governor and Captain-General of the Spanish Philippines.^[2]^:102-106

Governor-General of the Philippines

Anda traveled to Spain, and was well received by the Cortes Generales (parliament), and made Councilor of Castile by the King, in spite of having written a letter to him complaining of certain disorders in the Philippines, enumerating among them a number against the friars.

On April 12, 1768, he returned to the Philippines and by Royal Decree became Governor-General in July 1770. He proceeded against his predecessor, and other politicians, and roused the opposition and reformed the Spanish and Philippine army, and engaged in other public works. He opposed the king's order of November 9, 1774, to secularize the curacies held by regulars. After his death, the order was repealed on 11 December 1776.

De Anda y Salazar died on 30 October 1776, in the Hospital de San Felipe, in Cavite at the age of 67 years.

Legacy

Simón de Anda y Salazar monument and marker (Bacolor, Pampanga Town hall)

The other side of the monument

A monument to his legacy was erected on Bonifacio Drive in Manila, and the municipalities of San Simon in Pampanga, Anda in Bohol and Anda in Pangasinan were named after him. A street has also been named after him in the Basque capital of Vitoria, close to his natal town of Subijana.

References

↑ Anda was the lieutenant governor since the fall of Manila to the British on October 4, 1762. The British military handed over civil power to Drake as governor in November 1762. They continued to recognize former governor Rojo as president of the Real Audiencia until his death on January 30, 1764. After the death of Rojo, the British commenced negotiations with Anda but Drake remained as governor of the Philippines until 29 March 1764.
1 2 3 Tracy, Nicholas (1995). Manila Ransomed. University of Exeter Press. p. 49.

External links

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Spanish governors of the Philippines

Political offices
Preceded by Newly established	Dictator of the Spanish Provisional Government of the Philippines in Bacolor, Pampanga 1762-1764	Succeeded by None
Preceded by José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez	Governor-General of the Philippines 1770-1776	Succeeded by Pedro de Sarrio

Spanish Governors-General of the Philippines
1565–1898
Under the Viceroyalty of New Spain (1565–1821)	Miguel López de Legazpi Guido de Lavezaris Francisco de Sande Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa Diego Ronquillo Santiago de Vera Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas Pedro de Rojas Luis Pérez Dasmariñas Francisco Tello de Guzmán Pedro Bravo de Acuña Cristóbal Téllez de Almanza Count of Valle de Orizaba Juan de Silva Andrés Alcaraz Alonso Fajardo Jeronimo de Silva Fernándo de Silva Juan Niño de Tabora Lorenzo de Olaza Juan Cerezo de Salamanca Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera Diego Fajardo Sabiniano Manrique de Lara Diego de Salcedo Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz Manuel de León Francisco Coloma Francisco Sotomayor Juan de Vargas Gabriel de Curuzealegui Alonso de Ávila Fuertes Fausto Cruzat y Góngora Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri Martín de Urzua y Arismendi José Torralba Fernando Bustamante Francisco de la Cuesta Toribio José Cosio Fernándo Valdés Gaspar de la Torre Juan de Arechederra Marquis of Brindisi and Ovando Pedro Manuel de Arandía Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta Manuel Rojo Simón de Anda Francisco Javier de la Torre José Antonio Raón Simón de Anda Pedro de Sarrio José Basco Pedro de Sarrio Félix Berenguer de Marquina Rafael María de Aguilar Mariano Fernández de Folgueras Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar José Gardoqui Jaraveitia Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
Under Spain (1821–1898)	Mariano Fernández de Folgueras Juan Antonio Martínez Mariano Ricafort Pasqual Enrile Gabriel de Torres Joaquín de Crámer Pedro Antonio Salazar Andrés García Camba Luis Lardizábal Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre Narciso Clavería Antonio María Blanco Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo Ramón Montero Manuel Pavía Ramón Montero Manuel Crespo Ramón Montero Fernándo Norzagaray Ramón María Solano Juan Herrera Dávila José Lemery Salvador Valdés Rafael de Echague Joaquín del Solar Juan de Lara José Laureano de Sanz Juan Antonio Osorio Joaquín del Solar José de la Gándara Manuel Maldonado Cárlos María de la Torre Rafael de Izquierdo Manuel MacCrohon Juan Alaminos Manuel Blanco Valderrama Marquis of San Rafael Marquis of Oroquieta Rafael Rodríguez Arias Fernando Primo de Rivera Emilio Molíns Joaquín Jovellar Emilio Molíns Emilio Terrero Antonio Molto Federico Lobaton Valeriano Weyler Eulogio Despujol Federico Ochando Ramon Blanco Camilo de Polavieja José de Lachambre Fernando Primo de Rivera Basilio Augustín Fermín Jáudenes Francisco Rizzo Diego de los Ríos
Italics indicates a member of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. Smallcaps indicates an oidor of the Real Audiencia of Manila.

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